Engineering internet Qos

Title:

Personal Author:

Jha, Sanjay

Publication Information:

Norwood, MA : Artech House, 2002

ISBN:

9781580533416

Subject Term:

Computer engineering

Internet (Computer network)

Computer networks -- Quality control

Added Author:

Hassan, Mahbub

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010019251	TK5105.875.I57 J53 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

From the basics to the most advanced quality-of-service (QoS) concepts, this book aims to offer professionals an in-depth understanding of the latest technical issues raised by the emergence of new types of internet services. It provides end-to-end QoS guidance for real-time multimedia communications over the internet, and shows where and when it is preferable to use certain techniques for QoS support in networks and internet traffic.

Author Notes

Mahbub Hassan, Ph.D., received his M.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of Victoria and his Ph.D. from Monash University.

Hassan is senior lecturer in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of New South Wales, where he co-directs advanced research and development activities in the Network Research Laboratory.

050

Preface	p. xv
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 QoS Framework	p. 1
1.2 Video-Conferencing System	p. 5
1.3 Overview of Audio-Video Compression Techniques	p. 6
1.3.1 Video-Compression Standards	p. 6
1.3.2 Audio-Compression	p. 9
1.4 End-System Considerations	p. 9
1.5 Operating-System Approach	p. 10
1.6 Overview of Networking and Media Technologies	p. 11
1.7 End-to-End QoS in the Internet	p. 13
1.8 Supporting QoS in Best-Effort Networks	p. 14
1.9 Application-Level Adaptation	p. 16
1.9.1 Montgomery's Destination Wait Method	p. 16
1.9.2 Adaptive Audio Playout	p. 18
1.9.3 Feedback Control Mechanism	p. 19
1.9.4 Forward Error Correction	p. 19
1.9.5 Interleaving	p. 20
1.9.6 Repair at Receiver	p. 20
1.10 Real-Time Protocol	p. 20
1.11 Real-Time Control Protocol	p. 22
1.11.1 Interarrival Jitter Calculation	p. 24
1.11.2 Example: Audio Transmission in the Internet	p. 24
1.12 Summary	p. 26
1.13 Review Questions	p. 26
Chapter 2 QoS Fundamentals	p. 31
2.1 Traffic Description	p. 31
2.1.1 Types of Traffic Sources	p. 31
2.1.2 Traffic Parameters	p. 32
2.2 QoS Specification and Contract	p. 34
2.3 QoS Signaling	p. 34
2.4 Packet Classification	p. 34
2.5 Resource Reservation	p. 35
2.6 Admission Control	p. 35
2.7 Traffic Policing	p. 36
2.7.1 Requirements for Traffic Policing	p. 36
2.7.2 Policing Parameters	p. 37
2.7.3 Policing Algorithms	p. 37
2.8 Traffic Shaping	p. 42
2.9 Queuing and Scheduling	p. 43
2.10 Congestion Control and Buffer Management	p. 44
2.11 Research Directions	p. 44
2.12 Summary	p. 45
2.13 Review Questions	p. 45
Chapter 3 Scheduling for QoS Management	p. 49
3.1 Scheduling Goals	p. 49
3.2 Scheduling Techniques	p. 52
3.2.1 First Come First Serve	p. 52
3.2.2 Priority Queuing	p. 53
3.2.3 Generalized Processor Sharing	p. 54
3.2.4 Round Robin	p. 56
3.2.5 Weighted Round Robin	p. 57
3.2.6 Deficit Round Robin	p. 58
3.2.7 Weighted Fair Queuing	p. 60
3.2.8 Virtual Clock	p. 66
3.3 Class-Based Queuing	p. 67
3.4 Implementation Status	p. 69
3.5 Research Directions in Scheduling	p. 71
3.6 Summary	p. 73
3.7 Review Questions	p. 74
3.8 Implementation Project	p. 74
Chapter 4 TCP/IP and Queue Management	p. 77
4.1 Internet Protocol	p. 77
4.1.1 Datagram Forwarding	p. 78
4.1.2 Unreliable Delivery of Datagrams	p. 78
4.1.3 Datagram Format	p. 78
4.2 User Datagram Protocol	p. 81
4.3 TCP Basics	p. 82
4.4 TCP Segment Format	p. 82
4.5 TCP Three-Way Handshake	p. 85
4.6 TCP Acknowledgment	p. 86
4.7 Flow Control	p. 86
4.8 Congestion Control	p. 88
4.8.1 Packet Loss Detection	p. 88
4.8.2 Retransmission Timer	p. 89
4.8.3 RTT Estimation	p. 89
4.8.4 Slow Start	p. 90
4.8.5 AIMD	p. 90
4.8.6 TCP Tahoe/Reno/Vegas	p. 92
4.9 Queue Management	p. 93
4.9.1 Explicit Congestion Notification	p. 93
4.9.2 Packet Drop Schemes	p. 94
4.9.3 Global Synchronization Problem	p. 95
4.9.4 Random Early Detection Scheme	p. 95
4.9.5 Weighted Random Early Detection	p. 98
4.9.6 RED with In/Out	p. 98
4.9.7 Problems with RED	p. 99
4.10 Research Directions	p. 100
4.10.1 Blue	p. 100
4.10.2 Related Work	p. 101
4.11 Summary	p. 102
4.12 Review Questions	p. 102
Chapter 5 Integrated Services Packet Network	p. 107
5.1 Intserv Aim	p. 108
5.2 Application Classification	p. 108
5.2.1 Elastic Applications	p. 108
5.2.2 Tolerant Real-Time Applications	p. 109
5.2.3 Intolerant Real-Time Applications	p. 109
5.3 Intserv Service Classes	p. 109
5.3.1 Controlled Load Service Class	p. 110
5.3.2 Guaranteed Service Class	p. 110
5.4 Flow Definition	p. 111
5.5 Signaling/Flow Setup	p. 111
5.6 Routing Protocol Independence	p. 112
5.7 Reservation Specs	p. 113
5.8 IS-Capable Router Components	p. 116
5.8.1 Admission Control	p. 116
5.8.2 Policing and Shaping	p. 117
5.8.3 Packet Classifier	p. 117
5.8.4 Packet Scheduler	p. 118
5.8.5 Packet Processing	p. 118
5.8.6 Traffic Control Implementation	p. 118
5.9 LAN QoS and Intserv	p. 120
5.9.1 QoS Problem in LAN	p. 120
5.9.2 IEEE Solution for LAN QoS	p. 120
5.9.3 Mapping of Intserv QoS to LAN QoS	p. 124
5.10 Intserv Problems	p. 125
5.11 Research Directions	p. 126
5.12 Summary	p. 128
5.13 Review Questions	p. 128
Chapter 6 Resource Reservation Protocol	p. 133
6.1 RSVP Features	p. 133
6.1.1 Simplex Protocol	p. 133
6.1.2 Receiver-Oriented Approach	p. 134
6.1.3 Routing-Protocol Independent	p. 134
6.1.4 Reservation Setup	p. 134
6.1.5 Soft State Refresh	p. 135
6.2 Reservation Merger	p. 135
6.3 Reservation Styles	p. 137
6.3.1 Wildcard Filter	p. 137
6.3.2 Shared Explicit	p. 138
6.3.3 Fixed Filter	p. 139
6.3.4 RSVP/ns Simulation	p. 141
6.4 RSVP Messages	p. 143
6.4.1 PATH Messages	p. 144
6.4.2 RESV Messages	p. 145
6.4.3 Other RSVP Messages	p. 145
6.4.4 Message Processing	p. 146
6.5 RSVP Message Format	p. 147
6.5.1 Session Objects	p. 148
6.5.2 TSpec Object	p. 148
6.5.3 AdSpec Object Class	p. 149
6.5.4 AdSpec Functional Block	p. 150
6.5.5 Other RSVP Objects	p. 151
6.5.6 PATH Message Format	p. 152
6.5.7 RESV Message Format	p. 153
6.5.8 Controlled Load Flow Specification	p. 154
6.5.9 Guaranteed Load Flow Specification	p. 154
6.6 RSVP APIs	p. 155
6.7 RSVP Problems	p. 157
6.8 Other Resource Reservation Protocols	p. 159
6.9 RSVP Extensions	p. 160
6.9.1 Improvement-Related Extensions	p. 161
6.9.2 Subnet Bandwidth Manager	p. 161
6.9.3 New Application-Related Extensions	p. 163
6.10 Summary	p. 164
6.11 Review Questions	p. 164
6.12 Implementation Project	p. 165
Chapter 7 IP Differentiated Services Network	p. 169
7.1 Diffserv Architecture	p. 169
7.1.1 Per-Hop Behavior	p. 171
7.1.2 Per-Domain Behavior	p. 171
7.1.3 Existing IPv4 ToS	p. 172
7.1.4 Diffserv Codepoint	p. 172
7.1.5 PHB Encoding	p. 173
7.2 Diffserv Router	p. 175
7.3 Premium Service	p. 178
7.4 Experimental Evaluation of Premium Service Under Linux	p. 179
7.5 Assured Service	p. 184
7.6 Open Issues with Diffserv	p. 187
7.7 Diffserv Research Directions	p. 187
7.8 Summary	p. 190
7.9 Review Questions	p. 190
7.10 Implementation Project	p. 191
Chapter 8 Policy-Based QoS Management	p. 195
8.1 Definition of Terminologies	p. 195
8.2 Bandwidth Broker	p. 196
8.3 Policy Framework	p. 198
8.3.1 Policy Protocols	p. 200
8.3.2 Policy Rules and Representations	p. 201
8.3.3 Policy Database	p. 202
8.4 Policy and RSVP	p. 203
8.5 Bandwidth Broker Implementation	p. 203
8.6 Internet2 and QBone	p. 208
8.7 Research Directions	p. 209
8.8 Summary	p. 209
8.9 Review Questions	p. 210
Chapter 9 ATM QoS	p. 213
9.1 Why ATM Networks?	p. 213
9.2 Protocol Architecture	p. 214
9.3 Connections	p. 215
9.3.1 Virtual Channel	p. 216
9.3.2 Virtual Path	p. 216
9.3.3 Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits	p. 216
9.4 Interfaces	p. 217
9.5 Cell Formats	p. 218
9.6 QoS Support	p. 220
9.6.1 Traffic Contract	p. 220
9.6.2 Traffic Descriptions	p. 221
9.6.3 QoS Parameters	p. 222
9.6.4 Service Classes	p. 222
9.7 Adaptation Layers	p. 224
9.8 IP-ATM Integration	p. 227
9.8.1 ATM Deployment in IP Networks	p. 227
9.8.2 Encapsulation of IP Datagrams into ATM Cells	p. 228
9.9 IP-ATM QoS Mapping	p. 232
9.9.1 Inserv over ATM	p. 233
9.9.2 Diffserv over ATM	p. 233
9.9.3 Performance Implications of QoS Mapping	p. 235
9.9.4 MPLS Solution	p. 235
9.10 Research Directions	p. 236
9.11 Summary	p. 236
9.12 Further Reading	p. 237
9.13 Review Questions	p. 237
Chapter 10 Multiprotocol Label Switching	p. 241
10.1 Proprietary Protocols	p. 241
10.2 Motivation	p. 242
10.3 MPLS Basics	p. 243
10.4 Conventional IP Routing	p. 244
10.5 MPLS Approach	p. 245
10.5.1 Label Encoding	p. 245
10.5.2 TTL Handling	p. 246
10.5.3 MPLS Encapsulation	p. 246
10.5.4 Label Processing	p. 246
10.6 Label Distribution	p. 247
10.6.1 Sample Network	p. 247
10.6.2 Label Binding	p. 248
10.6.3 Label Allocation	p. 249
10.6.4 Label Switching	p. 250
10.7 Hierarchical Routing	p. 252
10.8 MPLS over ATM	p. 254
10.9 Traffic Engineering Using MPLS	p. 256
10.9.1 Constraint Routed LSP	p. 257
10.9.2 Path Resource Reservation Protocols	p. 258
10.9.3 Traffic Trunk	p. 260
10.9.4 MPLS Experimental Results	p. 261
10.9.5 No Trunking	p. 261
10.9.6 Two Trunks Using LSPs	p. 262
10.10 MPLS and latest developments	p. 262
10.10.1 Diffserv over MPLS	p. 262
10.10.2 Generalized MPLS (GMPLS)	p. 264
10.11 Summary	p. 265
10.12 Review Questions	p. 265
Chapter 11 QoS in Mobile Wireless Networks	p. 269
11.1 Mobile Applications	p. 269
11.2 Mobile Wireless Networks	p. 270
11.2.1 Wireless LAN	p. 271
11.2.2 Bluetooth	p. 272
11.2.3 Cellular Networks	p. 273
11.2.4 Comparison of Wireless Networks	p. 274
11.3 Mobile Services over IP Networks	p. 274
11.3.1 Mobile IP	p. 274
11.3.2 Cellular IP	p. 277
11.4 Impact of Mobility on QoS	p. 278
11.4.1 Effect of Wireless Links	p. 278
11.4.2 Effect of Movement	p. 279
11.4.3 Limitations of Portable Devices	p. 279
11.5 Managing QoS in Mobile Environments	p. 280
11.5.1 Resource Reservation	p. 280
11.5.2 Context-Aware Handoff	p. 282
11.5.3 Application Adaptivity	p. 282
11.6 Research Directions	p. 283
11.7 Summary	p. 287
11.8 Review Questions	p. 287
Chapter 12 Future	p. 293
12.1 Intserv over Diffserv	p. 293
12.1.1 Motivation	p. 293
12.1.2 Generic Framework for Intserv over Diffserv	p. 293
12.1.3 Guaranteed Service over EF PHB	p. 295
12.1.4 Controlled Load over AF PHB	p. 296
12.2 QoS Routing	p. 297
12.3 Resource Discovery and QoS	p. 297
12.4 Virtual Private Network and QoS	p. 298
12.5 Content Distribution Network and QoS	p. 299
12.6 Web Qos	p. 300
12.7 Billing and Charging for QoS	p. 301
12.8 Final Words	p. 302
12.9 Summary	p. 303
12.10 Review Questions	p. 303
About the Authors	p. 307
Index	p. 309

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