Bacteriocins : ecology and evolution

Microbes produce an extraordinary array of defense systems. These include bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial molecules with narrow killing spectra, produced by bacteria. The book describes the diversity and ecological role of bacteriocins of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, presenting a new classification scheme for the former and a state-of-the-art look at the role of bacteriocins in bacterial communication. It discusses the molecular evolution of colicins and colicin-like bacteriocins, and provides a contemporary overview of archaeocins, bacteriocin-like antimicrobials produced by archaebacteria. Furthermore, various modeling (in silico) studies elucidate the role of bacteriocins in microbial community dynamics and fitness, delving into rock-paper-scissors competition and the counter-intuitive survival of the weakest. The book makes compelling reading for a multi-faceted scientific audience, including those working in the fields of biodiversity and biotechnology, notably in the human and animal health domain.

Margaret A. Riley and Milind A. ChavanDavid M. Gordon and Elizabeth Oliver and Jane Littlefield-WyerMilind A. Chavan and Margaret A. RileyNicholas C.K. Heng and Philip A. Wescombe and Jeremy P. Burton and Ralph W. Jack and John R. TaggRichard F. Shand and Kathryn J. LeyvaBenjamin KerrOsnat Gillor

1 Introduction	p. 1
2 The Diversity of Bacteriocins in Gram-Negative Bacteria	p. 5
Summary	p. 5
2.1 Introduction	p. 5
2.2 The Frequency of Bacteriocin Production	p. 7
2.2.1 Colicins	p. 7
2.2.2 Microcins	p. 8
2.3 Bacteriocin Diversity	p. 9
2.3.1 Colicins	p. 9
2.3.2 Microcins	p. 10
2.4 Multiple Bacteriocin Production	p. 11
2.5 Overview	p. 12
References	p. 17
3 Molecular Evolution of Bacteriocins in Gram-Negative Bacteria	p. 19
Summary	p. 19
3.1 Introduction	p. 19
3.2 Bacteriocins of Gram-Negative Bacteria	p. 20
3.3 Colicins and Colicin-like Bacteriocins	p. 21
3.3.1 Colicin Gene Organization	p. 21
3.3.2 Functional Domains in Colicin and CLB Proteins	p. 23
3.4 Models of Colicin Evolution	p. 25
3.4.1 Diversifying Selection	p. 25
3.4.2 Diversifying Recombination	p. 27
3.4.3 Evolution of Colicin-like Bacteriocins	p. 27
3.5 Evolution of Colicin Killing Domains	p. 29
3.6 Evolution of the Translocation and Receptor-Binding Domains	p. 36
3.7 Evolution of Colicin Regulatory Sequences	p. 37
3.8 Colicin D: A Possible Intermediate Between Pyocins and Colicins	p. 38
3.9 Conclusions	p. 40
References	p. 41
4 The Diversity of Bacteriocins in Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 45
Summary	p. 45
4.1 Introduction	p. 45
4.1.1 Bacteriocins: A Historical Perspective	p. 45
4.1.2 Bacteriocins of Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 46
4.1.3 Why Produce Bacteriocins?	p. 47
4.1.4 Detection of Bacteriocins of Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 48
4.1.5 Nomenclature of Bacteriocins of Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 49
4.1.6 Classification of Bacteriocins of Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 50
4.2 Class I: The Lanthionine-Containing (Lantibiotic) Bacteriocins	p. 53
4.2.1 Type AI Lantibiotics	p. 53
4.2.2 Type AII Lantibiotics	p. 58
4.2.3 Type B (Globular) Lantibiotics	p. 61
4.2.4 Type C (Multi-Component) Lantibiotics	p. 62
4.3 Class II: The Unmodified Peptide Bacteriocins	p. 64
4.3.1 Type IIa: The Pediocin-like Peptides	p. 64
4.3.2 Type IIb: Multi-Component Bacteriocins	p. 66
4.3.3 Type IIc: Miscellaneous Unmodified Bacteriocins	p. 61
4.4 Class III: The Large (> 10 kDa) Bacteriocins	p. 74
4.4.1 Type IIIa: The Bacteriolysins (Bacteriolytic Enzymes)	p. 74
4.4.2 Type IIIb: The Non-Lytic Bacteriocins	p. 78
4.5 Class IV: The Cyclic Bacteriocins	p. 79
4.5.1 Enterocin AS-48	p. 81
4.5.2 Gassericin A and Reutericin 6	p. 82
4.5.3 Uberolysin	p. 82
4.6 Concluding Remarks	p. 83
References	p. 83
5 Peptide and Protein Antibiotics from the Domain Archaea: Halocins and Sulfolobicins	p. 93
Summary	p. 93
5.1 Introduction	p. 93
5.2 Halocins	p. 94
5.2.1 The Ubiquity of Halocin Production	p. 94
5.2.2 The Role of Halocins in the Environment and the Inability to Detect Halocin Activity in Hypersaline Crystallizer Ponds	p. 98
5.2.3 Activity Spectra	p. 99
5.2.4 Common Features of Halocins	p. 101
5.2.5 Microhalocins ([less than or equal] 10 kDa)	p. 102
5.2.6 Protein Halocins (> 10 kDa)	p. 104
5.3 Biotechnology of Halocins	p. 106
5.4 Sulfolobicins	p. 106
References	p. 107
6 The Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Model Bacteriocin Communities	p. 111
Summary	p. 111
6.1 Introduction	p. 111
6.2 Dynamics in Two-Strain Communities: Getting over the Hump	p. 113
6.3 Dynamics in Three-Strain Communities: Playing Rock-Paper-Scissors	p. 119
6.4 Evolution in Three-Strain Communities: Survival of the Weakest	p. 125
6.5 Dynamics with many Strains: Universal Chemical Warfare	p. 128
6.6 Discussion	p. 129
Appendix Sensitivity is an ESS in the Well-Mixed RPS Game	p. 131
References	p. 132
7 Bacteriocins' Role in Bacterial Communication	p. 135
Summary	p. 135
7.1 Introduction	p. 135
7.2 Bacteriocin-Mediated Intercellular Communication	p. 137
7.2.1 Autoregulation of Class I Bacteriocins	p. 138
7.2.2 Quorum Sensing Regulation of Class II Bacteriocins	p. 138
7.3 Bacteriocin-Coordinated Multicellular Communication	p. 139
7.3.1 Oral Biofilms	p. 140
7.3.2 Gastrointestinal Biofilms	p. 141
7.4 Conclusions	p. 142
References	p. 143
Subject Index	p. 147

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Table of Contents