Geoenvironmental engineering : site remediation, waste containment and emerging waste management technologies

Title:

Personal Author:

Sharma, Hari D.

Publication Information:

Hoboken, N.J : John Wiley & Sons, 2004

ISBN:

9780471215998

Subject Term:

Environmental geotechnology

Hazardous waste site remediation

Sanitary landfills

Added Author:

Reddy, Krishna R.

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010060066	TD171.9 S52 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010068151	TD171.9 S52 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Geoenvironmental Engineering covers the application of basic geological and hydrological science, including soil and rock mechanics and groundwater hydrology, to any number of different environmental problems.
* Includes end-of-chapter summaries, design examples and worked-out numerical problems, and problem questions.
* Offers thorough coverage of the role of geotechnical engineering in a wide variety of environmental issues.
* Addresses such issues as remediation of in-situ hazardous waste, the monitoring and control of groundwater pollution, and the creation and management of landfills and other above-ground and in-situ waste containment systems.

Author Notes

Hari Sharma, PhD, PE, GE, is a Principal with GeoSyntec Consultants
Krishna Reddy, PhD, PE, is Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois, Chicago

Preface	p. xvii
Part I Basic Principles
1 Introduction	p. 3
1.1 Emergence of Geoenvironmental Engineering	p. 3
1.2 Types of Geoenvironmental Problems	p. 4
1.3 Book Organization	p. 7
1.4 Summary	p. 7
Questions/Problems	p. 7
References	p. 8
2 Relevant Environmental Laws and Regulations	p. 9
2.1 Introduction	p. 9
2.2 Development of Laws and Regulations	p. 9
2.3 Federal Environmental Laws and Regulations	p. 10
2.4 State and Local Laws and Regulations	p. 19
2.5 Impact of Regulations on Geoenvironmental Practice	p. 19
2.6 Summary	p. 21
Questions/Problems	p. 21
References	p. 23
3 Chemical Background	p. 24
3.1 Introduction	p. 24
3.2 Toxic Chemicals	p. 24
3.3 Inorganic Chemistry Background	p. 25
3.4 Organic Chemistry Background	p. 36
3.5 Nuclear Chemistry Background	p. 40
3.6 Chemical Analysis Methods	p. 40
3.7 Summary	p. 41
Questions/Problems	p. 42
References	p. 42
4 Composition of Soils	p. 44
4.1 Introduction	p. 44
4.2 Soil Formation	p. 44
4.3 Soil Composition	p. 46
4.4 Soil Fabric	p. 63
4.5 Summary	p. 65
Questions/Problems	p. 65
References	p. 66
5 Soil Properties	p. 68
5.1 Introduction	p. 68
5.2 Geotechnical Properties	p. 68
5.3 Chemical Properties	p. 82
5.4 Summary	p. 88
Questions/Problems	p. 88
References	p. 94
6 Geochemistry Background	p. 95
6.1 Introduction	p. 95
6.2 Inorganic Geochemistry	p. 95
6.3 Organic Geochemistry	p. 101
6.4 Summary	p. 116
Questions/Problems	p. 116
References	p. 117
7 Groundwater Flow	p. 119
7.1 Introduction	p. 119
7.2 Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater	p. 119
7.3 Aquifer, Aquiclude, and Aquitard	p. 119
7.4 Hydraulic Head and Aquifer Properties	p. 121
7.5 Groundwater Flow in Aquifers	p. 124
7.6 One-Dimensional Steady Flow	p. 126
7.7 Flow Toward a Pumping Well	p. 128
7.8 Pumping and Slug Testing	p. 135
7.9 Two- and Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow	p. 147
7.10 Summary	p. 158
Questions/Problems	p. 158
References	p. 165
8 Contaminant Transport and Fate	p. 167
8.1 Introduction	p. 167
8.2 Transport Processes	p. 167
8.3 Chemical Mass Transfer Processes	p. 174
8.4 Biological Process (Biodegradation)	p. 190
8.5 Contaminant Transport and Fate Modeling	p. 192
8.6 Applications	p. 199
8.7 Summary	p. 204
Questions/Problems	p. 208
References	p. 209
Part II Remediation Technologies
9 Subsurface Contamination: Sources, Contaminants, Regulations, and Remedial Approach	p. 215
9.1 Introduction	p. 215
9.2 Sources of Contamination	p. 215
9.3 Types of Contaminants	p. 218
9.4 Relevant Regulations	p. 221
9.5 Other Considerations	p. 224
9.6 Remediation Approach	p. 226
9.7 Summary	p. 231
Questions/Problems	p. 232
References	p. 232
10 Contaminated Site Characterization	p. 234
10.1 Introduction	p. 234
10.2 General Methodology	p. 234
10.3 Preliminary Site Assessment	p. 236
10.4 Exploratory Site Investigation	p. 237
10.5 Detailed Site Investigation	p. 237
10.6 Expedited or Accelerated Site Characterization	p. 273
10.7 Summary	p. 281
Questions/Problems	p. 281
References	p. 282
11 Risk Assessment and Remedial Strategy	p. 284
11.1 Introduction	p. 284
11.2 Risk Assessment Procedures	p. 284
11.3 USEPA Procedure	p. 284
11.4 ASTM Procedure	p. 290
11.5 Other Risk Assessment Methods	p. 300
11.6 Remedial Strategy	p. 307
Questions/Problems	p. 328
References	p. 329
12 In-Situ Waste Containment	p. 331
12.1 Introduction	p. 331
12.2 Vertical Barriers	p. 331
12.3 Bottom Barriers	p. 361
12.4 Surface Caps or Covers	p. 366
12.5 Groundwater Pumping Systems	p. 371
12.6 Subsurface Drains	p. 377
12.7 Summary	p. 392
Questions/Problems	p. 395
References	p. 395
13 Soil Remediation Technologies	p. 398
13.1 Introduction	p. 398
13.2 Soil Vapor Extraction	p. 399
13.3 Soil Washing	p. 413
13.4 Stabilization and Solidification	p. 421
13.5 Electrokinetic Remediation	p. 432
13.6 Thermal Desorption	p. 445
13.7 Vitrification	p. 456
13.8 Bioremediation	p. 467
13.9 Phytoremediation	p. 478
13.10 Soil Fracturing	p. 485
13.11 Summary	p. 496
Questions/Problems	p. 497
References	p. 499
14 Groundwater Remediation Technologies	p. 505
14.1 Introduction	p. 505
14.2 Pump and Treat	p. 505
14.3 In-Situ Flushing	p. 524
14.4 Permeable Reactive Barriers	p. 538
14.5 In-Situ Air Sparging	p. 555
14.6 Monitored Natural Attenuation	p. 574
14.7 Bioremediation	p. 587
14.8 Summary	p. 596
Questions/Problems	p. 597
References	p. 598
Part III Landfills and Surface Impoundments
15 Sources and Characteristics of Wastes	p. 605
15.1 Introduction	p. 605
15.2 Sources of Wastes	p. 605
15.3 Classification of Wastes	p. 607
15.4 Waste Characterization	p. 613
15.5 Environmental Concerns with Wastes	p. 624
15.6 Waste Management Strategies	p. 630
15.7 Engineered Waste Disposal Facilities	p. 631
15.8 Summary	p. 632
Questions/Problems	p. 632
References	p. 633
16 Landfill Regulations, Siting, and Configurations	p. 635
16.1 Introduction	p. 635
16.2 Federal Regulations	p. 635
16.3 State and Local Regulations	p. 640
16.4 Siting Methodology	p. 641
16.5 Site Permit Application	p. 646
16.6 Landfill Configurations	p. 646
16.7 Summary	p. 656
Questions/Problems	p. 656
References	p. 657
17 Waste Containment Liner Systems	p. 659
17.1 Introduction	p. 659
17.2 Low-Permeability Soil Liners	p. 662
17.3 Geomembrane Liners	p. 687
17.4 Geotextiles	p. 700
17.5 Geosynthetic Clay Liners	p. 711
17.6 Geonets and Geocomposite Drains	p. 715
17.7 Geogrids	p. 717
17.8 Interface Strengths among Various Liner Components	p. 718
17.9 Manufacturing and Construction Quality Assurance	p. 721
17.10 Estimation of Leakage through Liner Systems	p. 722
17.11 Performance of Liners in Waste Containment Systems	p. 725
17.12 Summary	p. 726
Questions/Problems	p. 726
References	p. 728
18 Leachate Collection and Removal Systems and Liner Design	p. 733
18.1 Introduction	p. 733
18.2 Design Criteria	p. 733
18.3 Leachate Generation and Management	p. 734
18.4 Containment System Liner Design	p. 752
18.5 Summary	p. 765
Questions/Problems	p. 765
References	p. 768
19 Final Cover Systems	p. 770
19.1 Introduction	p. 770
19.2 Purpose and Design Criteria	p. 770
19.3 Regulatory Minimum Requirements	p. 770
19.4 Design Procedure	p. 775
19.5 Summary	p. 788
Questions/Problems	p. 788
References	p. 789
20 Gas Generation and Management	p. 791
20.1 Introduction	p. 791
20.2 Gas Generation Mechanisms	p. 792
20.3 Gas Characteristics	p. 794
20.4 Gas Production Rates	p. 795
20.5 Gas Migration	p. 797
20.6 Gas Collection Systems	p. 801
20.7 Gas Flaring and Energy Recovery	p. 810
20.8 Summary	p. 814
Questions/Problems	p. 816
References	p. 816
21 Groundwater Monitoring	p. 818
21.1 Introduction	p. 818
21.2 Regulatory Requirements	p. 818
21.3 Groundwater Monitoring Systems	p. 820
21.4 Detection Monitoring Program	p. 831
21.5 Assessment Monitoring Program	p. 831
21.6 Corrective Action Program	p. 832
21.7 Summary	p. 834
Questions/Problems	p. 834
References	p. 835
22 Surface Impoundments	p. 837
22.1 Introduction	p. 837
22.2 Regulatory Setting	p. 837
22.3 Liner Systems	p. 839
22.4 Surface Impoundment Design	p. 841
22.5 Cover Design	p. 845
22.6 Closure and Postclosure Care	p. 847
22.7 Summary	p. 850
Questions/Problems	p. 854
References	p. 854
Part IV Emerging Technologies
23 Beneficial Use of Waste Materials: Recycling	p. 857
23.1 Introduction	p. 857
23.2 Types and Evaluation of Waste Materials	p. 857
23.3 Fly Ash	p. 859
23.4 Blast Furnace Slag	p. 862
23.5 Foundry Sand	p. 865
23.6 Papermill Sludge	p. 867
23.7 Municipal Sludge	p. 868
23.8 Incinerator Ash (Sewage Sludge Ash)	p. 872
23.9 Glass	p. 874
23.10 Plastics	p. 879
23.11 Scrap Tires	p. 881
23.12 Demolition Debris and Recycled Concrete	p. 888
23.13 Wood Wastes	p. 890
23.14 Summary	p. 892
Questions/Problems	p. 892
References	p. 893
24 End Uses of Closed Landfills	p. 898
24.1 Introduction	p. 898
24.2 Various End Uses of Closed Landfills	p. 898
24.3 Design Considerations	p. 903
24.4 Case Studies	p. 910
24.5 Summary	p. 912
Questions/Problems	p. 912
References	p. 912
25 Bioreactor Landfills	p. 915
25.1 Introduction	p. 916
25.2 Types and Advantages of Bioreactor Landfills	p. 916
25.3 Regulatory Issues	p. 918
25.4 Bioreactor Design	p. 919
25.5 Bioreactor Landfill Operations and Maintenance	p. 926
25.6 Case Studies	p. 927
25.7 Research Issues	p. 933
25.8 Summary	p. 935
Questions/Problems	p. 935
References	p. 936
26 Subaquatic Sediment Waste: In-Situ Capping	p. 938
26.1 Introduction	p. 938
26.2 Relevant Terminology and Definitions	p. 941
26.3 Site Evaluation	p. 943
26.4 Cap Design	p. 944
26.5 Construction and Monitoring	p. 952
26.6 Regulatory and Economic Considerations	p. 954
26.7 Case Studies	p. 954
26.8 Summary	p. 957
Questions/Problems	p. 958
References	p. 959
Index	p. 961

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