This manual contains administration and scoring information, norms, consistency, reliability, item analysis, and validity for Level X and Level Z tests. The Cornell Critical Thinking Tests develop a clear picture of your students' critical thinking abilities. They can be used to teach critical thinking skills, to predict students' performance on your state proficiency exam, for honors/AP programs, critical thinking courses, college admissions, careers, and employment. Both tests have been used in curriculum and teaching experiments for appraisal of the critical thinking ability of a group and as criteria for program admission and employment.