Principles of electrical measurement

Title:

Personal Author:

Tumanski, S.

Publication Information:

Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2006

ISBN:

9780750310383

Subject Term:

Electric measurements

Electronic measurements

Signal processing

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010102377	TK275 T85 2006	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
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The field of electrical measurement continues to grow, with new techniques developed each year. From the basic thermocouple to cutting-edge virtual instrumentation, it is also becoming an increasingly "digital" endeavor. Books that attempt to capture the state-of-the-art in electrical measurement are quickly outdated. Recognizing the need for a text devoted to the major areas underlying modern electrical measurement, Slawomir Tumanski developed Principles of Electrical Measurement.

This text builds a solid foundation in the necessary background concepts and fundamentals needed to develop and use modern electrical instruments. The author first introduces the fundamentals-including main terms and definitions, methods of estimating accuracy and uncertainty, and standards of electrical quantities-and the classical methods of measurement. He then delves into data acquisition, signal conditioning, and signal processing for both analog and digital signals. The final chapter examines computer measuring systems and virtual measurement techniques. By focusing on the aspects that are common to all types of electrical measurement, the book ensures a solid understanding that can be easily applied in practice.

Whether used as an introduction to the field or as a reference to the essential concepts, Principles of Electrical Measurement provides the knowledge necessary to develop measurement solutions for any application.

Author Notes

Tumanski, Slawomir

Preface	p. ix
1 Introduction to Measurements	p. 1
2 Fundamentals of Electrical Measurements	p. 13
2.1 Main Terms and Definitions	p. 13
2.1.1 Basic terms of measurement technique	p. 13
2.1.2 The main methods of measurements	p. 18
2.2 Uncertainty of Measurements	p. 26
2.2.1 Errors, uncertainty, and reliability of signal processing	p. 26
2.2.2 Basic statistical terms and concepts	p. 34
2.2.3 Methods of evaluation and correction of the uncertainty related to limited accuracy of measuring devices	p. 40
2.2.4 The estimation of uncertainty in measurements	p. 52
2.3 Standards of Electrical Quantities	p. 57
2.3.1 Standards, etalons, calibration and validation	p. 57
2.3.2 The standards of electrical quantities referred to the physical phenomena and laws	p. 58
2.3.3 Material standards of electrical quantities	p. 63
2.3.4 The reference multimeters and calibrators	p. 69
References	p. 71
3 Classic Electrical Measurements	p. 73
3.1 Indicating Measuring Instruments	p. 73
3.1.1 Electromechanical instruments versus digital measuring systems	p. 73
3.1.2 The moving coil meters	p. 74
3.1.3 The moving iron meters	p. 81
3.1.4 Electrodynamic meters - wattmeters	p. 82
3.1.5 Induction type watt-hour meters	p. 86
3.2 Recording and Displaying Measuring Instruments	p. 88
3.2.1 Fundamentals of oscilloscopes	p. 88
3.2.2 Recorders and data storage devices	p. 93
3.3 Bridge Circuits	p. 94
3.3.1 Balanced and unbalanced bridge circuits	p. 94
3.3.2 Null-type DC bridge circuits	p. 96
3.3.3 The AC bridge circuits	p. 99
3.3.4 The transformer bridge circuits	p. 104
3.3.5 The unbalanced bridge circuits	p. 107
3.3.6 The alternatives for bridge circuits - Anderson Loop	p. 112
3.4 Potentiometers and Comparators	p. 114
References	p. 118
4 Processing of the Analogue Measurement Signals	p. 121
4.1 Signal Conditioning	p. 121
4.1.1 Analogue measurement signals	p. 121
4.1.2 Conditioning of resistance, capacitance and inductance	p. 126
4.1.3 AC/DC conversion	p. 131
4.1.4 Voltage to frequency conversion	p. 141
4.2 Amplification of the Signals	p. 143
4.2.1 Differential, operational and instrumentation amplifiers	p. 143
4.2.2 Isolation amplifiers	p. 147
4.2.3 Amplifiers of very small DC signals	p. 150
4.2.4 Amplifiers of very small AC signals	p. 154
4.2.5 Amplifiers of very large input resistance (electrometers)	p. 159
4.2.6 The function amplifiers	p. 161
4.3 Negative Feedback in the Measuring Technique	p. 169
4.4 The Improvement of the Quality of the Analogue Signals	p. 179
4.4.1 The noises and interferences of the analogue signals	p. 179
4.4.2 The connection of the measuring signal to the amplifier	p. 184
4.4.3 The analogue filtering of the signals	p. 191
References	p. 201
5 Digital Processing of the Measurement Signals	p. 205
5.1 Analogue-to-Digital Converters	p. 205
5.1.1 Sampling, quantization and coding of signals	p. 205
5.1.2 Analogue-to-digital converters ADC	p. 218
5.1.3 The main specifications of analogue-to-digital converters	p. 234
5.2 Digital-to-Analogue Converters	p. 238
5.2.1 The reconstruction of the analogue signal	p. 238
5.2.2 The digital-to-analogue converters DAC	p. 242
5.2.3 The main specifications of digital-to-analogue converters	p. 247
5.3 Methods and Tools of Digital Signal Processing	p. 249
5.3.1 The main terms of digital signal processing	p. 249
5.3.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform DFT and Fast Fourier Transform FFT	p. 259
5.3.3 Short-time Fourier Transform and Wavelet transform	p. 268
5.3.4 Digital filters	p. 275
5.4 Examples of Application of Digital Signal Processing in Measurements	p. 287
5.4.1 The spectral analysis	p. 287
5.4.2 Digital signal synthesis	p. 297
5.4.3 Improvement of the signal quality and the signal recovery	p. 303
5.5 Digital Measuring Instruments	p. 312
5.5.1 Digital multimeters and frequency meters	p. 312
5.5.2 Digital oscilloscopes	p. 318
5.5.3 Digital measurement of power and energy	p. 323
5.6 Intelligent Data Analysis	p. 326
5.6.1 The artificial intelligence in measurements	p. 326
5.6.2 The adaptive filters	p. 327
5.6.3 Artificial neural networks	p. 331
5.6.4 Fuzzy Logic	p. 340
References	p. 344
6 Computer Measuring Systems	p. 349
6.1 Introduction	p. 349
6.2 Input Circuits of the Measuring Systems	p. 353
6.2.1 Circuits for data conditioning and acquisition	p. 353
6.2.2 The sensors with built-in interface - intelligent sensors	p. 354
6.2.3 Analogue and digital transmitters	p. 356
6.2.4 Data loggers	p. 357
6.2.5 IEEE P1451 standard - smart sensors	p. 359
6.3 Data Acquisition Circuits - DAQ	p. 362
6.3.1 Plug-in data acquisition board	p. 362
6.3.2 External data acquisition board	p. 365
6.4 Data Communication in Computer Measuring Systems	p. 367
6.4.1 Interfaces, buses and connectors	p. 367
6.4.2 Serial interfaces: RS-232C and RS-485	p. 368
6.4.3 Serial interfaces: USB and Fire Wire	p. 373
6.4.4 Parallel GPIB interface (IEEE-488/IEC-625)	p. 377
6.4.5 Wireless interfaces: IrDA, Bluetooth and WUSB	p. 382
6.4.6 Mobile telephony systems GSM and UMTS as a tool for data transfer	p. 385
6.4.7 Radio data acquisition and transfer	p. 389
6.4.8 Computer systems using Ethernet and Internet	p. 392
6.4.9 Dedicated interfaces: CAN, I[superscript 2]C, MicroLAN, SDI-12	p. 396
6.4.10 HART interface and the 4 - 20 mA standard	p. 400
6.4.11 Industrial communication standards - Fieldbus, Profibus, SCADA	p. 401
6.4.12 Modular systems - VXI, PXI	p. 406
6.4.13 Standard command for measuring devices - SCPI	p. 408
6.5 Measuring Systems Basing on the Signal Processors	p. 410
6.5.1 Microcontrollers and signal processors in measuring technique	p. 410
6.5.2 Microinterfaces - SPI and UART	p. 418
6.6 Virtual Measuring Systems	p. 421
6.6.1 What is the virtual measuring device?	p. 421
6.6.2 TestPoint	p. 424
6.6.3 Agilent VEE Pro	p. 428
6.6.4 LabVIEW of National Instruments	p. 431
6.7 The Examples of Computer Measuring Systems	p. 438
6.7.1 The measuring system for testing of magnetic materials	p. 438
6.7.2 The arbitrary wave excitation systems	p. 442
6.7.3 The scanning device for magnetic field imaging	p. 449
References	p. 452
Symbols used in the Book	p. 455
Abbreviations used in the Book	p. 457
Index	p. 461

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Author Notes

Table of Contents