Thermodynamics for the practicing engineer

Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer , as the title suggests, is written for all practicing engineers and anyone studying to become one. Its focus therefore is on applications of thermodynamics, addressing both technical and pragmatic problems in the field. Readers are provided a solid base in thermodynamics theory; however, the text is mostly dedicated to demonstrating how theory is applied to solve real-world problems.

This text's four parts enable readers to easily gain a foundation in basic principles and then learn how to apply them in practice:

Part One: Introduction. Sets forth the basic principles of thermodynamics, reviewing such topics as units and dimensions, conservation laws, gas laws, and the second law of thermodynamics.

Part Two: Enthalpy Effects. Examines sensible, latent, chemical reaction, and mixing enthalpy effects.

Part Three: Equilibrium Thermodynamics. Addresses both principles and calculations for phase, vapor-liquid, and chemical reaction equilibrium.

Part Four: Other Topics. Reviews such important issues as economics, numerical methods, open-ended problems, environmental concerns, health and safety management, ethics, and exergy.

Throughout the text, detailed illustrative examples demonstrate how all the principles, procedures, and equations are put into practice. Additional practice problems enable readers to solve real-world problems similar to the ones that they will encounter on the job.

Readers will gain a solid working knowledge of thermodynamics principles and applications upon successful completion of this text. Moreover, they will be better prepared when approaching/addressing advanced material and more complex problems.

Author Notes

Ezra Pound [1885-1972]
Louis Theodore is a consultant for Theodore Tutorials, a company specializing in providing training solutions to industry, academia, and government. In addition to receiving awards from the International Air Waste Management Association and the American Society for Engineering Education, Dr. Theodore is the author/coauthor of eighty-one books, including Nanotechnology: Basic Calculations for Engineers and Scientists (Wiley) and Handbook of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Calculations (Wiley), plus nearly 100 technical publications. He was recently (2008) recognized at Madison Square Garden for his contributions to basketball and the youth of America.
Francesco Ricci is currently a junior chemical engineering student at Manhattan College. A member of both Tau Beta Pi and Omega Chi Epsilon, and the recipient of numerous academic awards and scholarships, Mr. Ricci is the author of the solutions manual to this text, and a contributing author to the 2009 title Introduction to Environmental Management.
Timothy Van Vliet is currently a senior chemical engineering student at Manhattan College. Mr. VanVliet is a member of Omega Chi Epsilon, and has received numerous academic awards and scholarships.

Preface	p. xvii
Part I Introduction	p. 1
1 Basic Calculations	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Units and Dimensions	p. 3
Conversion of Units	p. 7
The Gravitational Constant, gc	p. 8
Significant Figures and Scientific Notation	p. 8
References	p. 9
2 Process Variables	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Temperature	p. 12
Pressure	p. 14
Moles and Molecular Weights	p. 15
Mass and Volume	p. 20
Viscosity	p. 21
Heat Capacity	p. 23
Thermal Conductivity	p. 24
Reynolds Number	p. 25
pH	p. 26
Vapor Pressure	p. 27
Property Estimation	p. 28
References	p. 29
3 Gas Laws	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Boyle's and Charles' Laws	p. 32
The Ideal Gas Law	p. 33
Standard Conditions	p. 36
Partial Pressure and Partial Volume	p. 38
Critical and Reduced Properties	p. 40
Non-Ideal Gas Behavior	p. 42
Non-Ideal Mixtures	p. 48
References	p. 50
4 Conservation Laws	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
The Conservation Laws	p. 54
The Conservation Law for Momentum	p. 56
The Conservation Law for Mass	p. 58
The Conservation Law for Energy	p. 65
References	p. 71
5 Stoichiometry	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Combustion of Methane	p. 74
Excess and Limiting Reactant(s)	p. 75
Combustion of Ethane	p. 76
Combustion of Chlorobenzene	p. 80
References	p. 87
6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Qualitative Review of the Second Law	p. 90
Quantitative Review of the Second Law	p. 91
Ideal Work and Lost Work	p. 95
The Heat Exchanger Dilemma	p. 99
Chemical Plant and Process Applications	p. 107
The Third Law of Thermodynamics	p. 109
References	p. 110
Part II Enthalpy Effects	p. 113
7 Sensible Enthalpy Effects	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
The Gibbs Phase Rule (GPR)	p. 115
Enthalpy Values	p. 118
Heat Capacity Values	p. 121
Predictive Methods for Heat Capacity	p. 134
References	p. 136
8 Latent Enthalpy Effects	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
The Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) Equation	p. 138
Predictive Methods: Normal Boiling Point	p. 144
Predictive Methods: Other Temperatures	p. 147
Industrial Applications	p. 148
References	p. 153
9 Enthalpy of Mixing Effects	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagrams	p. 155
H2SO4-H2O Diagram	p. 158
NaOH-H2O Diagram	p. 160
Enthalpy of Mixing at Infinite Dilution	p. 162
Evaporator Design	p. 165
References	p. 167
10 Chemical Reaction Enthalpy Effects	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Standard Enthalpy of Formation	p. 170
Standard Enthalpy of Reaction	p. 171
Effect of Temperature on Enthalpy of Reaction	p. 178
Gross and Net Heating Values	p. 191
References	p. 197
Part III Equilibrium Thermodynamics	p. 199
11 Phase Equilibrium Principles	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
Psychometric Chart	p. 203
Raoult's Law	p. 209
Henry's Law	p. 213
Raoult's Law vs Henry's Law	p. 218
Vapor-Solid Equilibrium	p. 222
Liquid-Solid Equilibrium	p. 228
References	p. 229
12 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations	p. 231
Introduction	p. 231
The DePriester Charts	p. 234
Raoult's Law Diagrams	p. 243
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Nonideal Solutions	p. 249
NRTL Diagrams	p. 253
Wilson Diagrams	p. 262
Relative Volatility	p. 266
References	p. 268
13 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Principles	p. 269
Introduction	p. 269
Standard Free Energy of Formation, ¿G0f	p. 270
Standard Free Energy of Reaction, ¿G0	p. 273
The Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Constant, K	p. 276
Effect of Temperature on ¿G0 and K: Simplified Approach	p. 278
Effect of Temperature on ¿G0 and K: ¿, ß, and ¿ Data	p. 280
Effect of Temperature on ¿G0 and K: a, b, and c Data	p. 283
Procedures to Determine K	p. 286
References	p. 289
14 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Applications	p. 291
Introduction	p. 291
Rate vs Equilibrium Considerations	p. 292
Extent of Reaction	p. 293
The Reaction Coordinate	p. 295
Gas Phase Reactions	p. 299
Equilibrium Conversion Calculations: Simplified Approach	p. 302
Equilibrium Conversion Calculations: Rigorous Approach	p. 306
Other Reactions	p. 312
References	p. 316
Part IV Other Topics	p. 317
15 Economic Considerations	p. 319
Introduction	p. 319
Capital Costs	p. 320
Operating Costs	p. 323
Project Evaluation	p. 324
Perturbation Studies in Optimization	p. 325
References	p. 332
16 Open-Ended Problems	p. 333
Introduction	p. 333
Developing Students' Power of Critical Thinking	p. 335
Creativity	p. 336
Brainstorming	p. 337
Inquiring Minds	p. 338
References	p. 342
17 Other ABET Topics	p. 343
Introduction	p. 343
Environmental Management	p. 343
Health, Safety, and Accident Management	p. 348
Numerical Methods	p. 356
Ethics	p. 361
References	p. 363
18 Fuel Options	p. 365
Introduction	p. 365
Fuel Properties	p. 366
Natural Gas	p. 368
Liquid Fuels	p. 369
Coal	p. 371
Fuel Selection	p. 372
Stoichiometric Calculations	p. 373
References	p. 375
19 Exergy: The Concept of "Quality Energy"	p. 377
Introduction	p. 377
The Quality of Heat vs Work	p. 377
Exergy	p. 378
Quantitative Exergy Analysis	p. 379
Environmental Impact	p. 386
Exergy Efficiency	p. 388
References	p. 389
Appendix	p. 391
I Steam Tables	p. 391
A Saturated Steam	p. 392
B Superheated Steam	p. 395
C Saturated Steam-Ice	p. 398
II SI Units	p. 399
III Conversion Constants	p. 402
IV Selected Common Abbreviations	p. 405
References	p. 407
Index	p. 409

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