Flows and chemical reactions in homogeneous mixtures

Title:

Personal Author:

Prud'homme, Roger

Series:

Fluid mechanics series

Publication Information:

London, U.K. : ISTE ; Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, 2013

Physical Description:

xxiv, 223 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9781848216334

9781118832622

Subject Term:

Chemical reactions

Fluid mechanics

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010325328	QD501 P78 2013	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Flows with chemical reactions can occur in various fields such as combustion, process engineering, aeronautics, the atmospheric environment and aquatics.
The examples of application chosen in this book mainly concern homogeneous reactive mixtures that can occur in propellers within the fields of process engineering and combustion:
- propagation of sound and monodimensional flows in nozzles, which may include disequilibria of the internal modes of the energy of molecules;
- ideal chemical reactors, stabilization of their steady operation points in the homogeneous case of a perfect mixture and classical instruments of experimental and theoretical analysis such as population balances, and the distribution of residence and passage times;
- laminar and turbulent flames, separating those which are premixed from those which are not and which do not exhibit the same mechanisms, but which also occur in the case of triple flames.
Flows and Chemical Reactions in Homogeneous Mixtures provides information on dimensional analysis, statistical thermodynamics with coupling between internal modes and chemical reactions, the apparition and damping of fluid turbulence as well as its statistical processing, bifurcations, flames in a confined medium and diffusion.

Contents

1. Flows in Nozzles.
2. Chemical Reactors.
3. Laminar and Turbulent Flames.
Appendix 1. Dimensionless Numbers, Similarity.
Appendix 2. Thermodynamic Functions.
Appendix 3. Concepts of Turbulence.
Appendix 4. Thermodynamic functions for a mixture in disequilibrium.
Appendix 5. Notion of bifurcation.
Appendix 6. Confined flame.
Appendix 7. Limits of Validity of the First-order Expansions for Diffusion Flames.

Author Notes

Roger Prud'homme has been Emeritus Research Director at CNRS, in France, since 2004. His most recent research topics have included flames (premixed flame modeling and their behavior in microgravity), two phase flows (droplet combustion with condensation of the products, sound propagation in suspensions, vortex, chock wave structure) and the modeling of fluid interfaces. He has published 5 books, 7 contributions to volumes and 50 publications in international journals.

Symbols	p. ix
Preface	p. xxiii
Chapter 1 Flows in Nozzles	p. 1
1.1 Sound propagation in the presence of chemical reactions	p. 1
1.1.1 Thermodynamic considerations	p. 2
1.1.2 Sound propagation in a mono-reactive medium	p. 7
1.1.3 Sound propagation in a multi-reactive medium	p. 12
1.2 Relaxed flows in nozzles	p. 26
1.2.1 Calculation of a continuous flow with a recombination-dissociation reaction in a de Laval nozzle	p. 27
1.2.2 Asymptotic study of the transonic zone of a continuous mono-dimensional flow in a de Laval nozzle	p. 31
1.3 Flows in thermal and chemical non-equilibrium	p. 35
1.3.1 Balance equations and closure relations in the presence of thermal and chemical non-equilibria	p. 35
1.3.2 Application	p. 37
1.4 Conclusion about flows in nozzles	p. 45
Chapter 2 Chemical Reactors	p. 47
2.1 Ideal reactors, real reactors, balance equations	p. 48
2.1.1 Ideal chemical reactors	p. 48
2.1.2 Balance equations for chemical reactors	p. 50
2.2 Perfectly mixed homogeneous chemical reactors	p. 55
2.2.1 Equations for a perfectly stirred homogeneous chemical reactor	p. 55
2.2.2 Steady regimes in perfectly stirred homogeneous chemical reactors	p. 59
2.2.3 Stability of operating points in the perfectly stirred homogeneous chemical reactor	p. 61
2.3 Tubular reactor	p. 67
2.3.1 Plug flow reactor	p. 68
2.3.2 Reactor with axial mixing	p. 70
2.3.3 Reactor with radial mixing	p. 73
2.4 Residence time distribution	p. 74
2.4.1 Balance equations	p. 74
2.4.2 Perfectly stirred homogeneous reactors in a steady regime	p. 76
2.4.3 Plug flow reactors	p. 76
2.4.4 Poiseuille flow	p. 76
2.4.5 Real reactors	p. 78
Chapter 3 Laminar and Turbulent Flames	p. 79
3.1 Larmnar premixed combustion	p. 79
3.1.1 Rankine-Hugoniot theory	p. 80
3.1.2 Velocity and structure of the plane adiabatic laminar and steady premixed flame	p. 87
3.1.3 Other examples of a steady laminar premixed flame	p. 91
3.2 Laminar non-premixed combustion	p. 95
3.2.1 Burke-Schumann problem	p. 95
3.2.2 Other examples of diffusion flames	p. 98
3.3 Turbulent combustion	p. 104
3.3.1 Averaged balance equation for turbulent combustion	p. 105
3.3.2 Premixed turbulent combustion regimes	p. 107
3.3.3 Non-premixed turbulent combustion regimes	p. 110
3.3.4 Models of turbulent combustion	p. 112
3.3.5 LESs in combustion	p. 119
3.3.6 Triple flames	p. 121
Appendices	p. 125
Appendix 1 Dimensionless Numbers, Similarity	p. 127
A1.1 Fundamentals of dimensional analysis: II, groups	p. 128
A1.1.1 Basic considerations	p. 128
Al.1.2 Vaschy-Buckingham theorem (1890) or II theorem	p. 129
Al.1.3 Practical advantage to dimensional analysis	p. 130
Al.1.4 Example of application: head loss in a cylindrical pipe	p. 130
A1.2 Similarity	p. 132
A1.2.1 Definition	p. 132
A1.2.2 Application: condition of similarity in a soft balloon placed in a current of air with a given velocity	p. 133
A1.3 Analytical searching for solutions to a heat transfer problem (self-similar solution)	p. 135
A1.4 Some dimensionless numbers	p. 137
Appendix 2 Thermodynamic Functions	p. 141
A2.1 General points	p. 141
A2.2 Translational motion	p. 142
A2.3 Internal motions	p. 143
A2.3.1 Monatomic species	p. 143
A2.3.2 Diatomic species	p. 145
A2.3.3 Linear polyatomic species	p. 146
A2.3.4 Nonlinear polyatomic species	p. 147
Appendix 3 Concepts of Turbulence	p. 149
A3.1 Experimental demonstration	p. 151
A3.1.1 Reynolds' experiment	p. 151
A3.1.2 Viscous flow over a smooth plane plate	p. 152
A3.1.3 Effect of roughness of the plate	p. 153
A3.1.4 Effect of turbulence on chemical reactivity	p. 153
A3.2 Apparition and damping of turbulence	p. 154
A3.2.1 Instability between two superposed fluids	p. 154
A3.2.2 Instability of a fluid between two rotating cylinders	p. 158
A3.2.3 Instability of a premixed flame	p. 165
A3.2.4 Damping of turbulence	p. 169
A3.3 Classic turbulence (RANS model)	p. 170
A3.3.1 Turbulent transfer and chemical kinetics coefficients	p. 170
A3.3.2 Remarks about averages and scales	p. 176
A3.3.3 k - ¿ models (closure for transfer terms)	p. 178
A3.3.4 Spectral analysis and Kolmogorov's theory	p. 181
A3.4 Ideas about large eddy simulation	p. 185
A3.4.1 Filtering	p. 187
A3.4.2 Filtered balance equations for a non-reactive incompressible fluid	p. 189
A3.4.3 Closure relations for the filtered balance equations	p. 190
A3.5 Conclusion	p. 193
Appendix 4 Thermodynamic functions for a mixture in disequilibrium	p. 195
A4.1 Thermodynamics	p. 195
A4.2 Chemistry	p. 197
A4.3 Vibration	p. 197
Appendix 5 Notion of bifurcation	p. 199
Appendix 6 Confined flame	p. 201
Appendix 7 Limits of Validity of the First-order Expansions for Diffusion Flames	p. 203
A7.1 Burke-Schumann flame	p. 203
A7.2 Juxtaposed oxidizer/fuel flows from rectangular burners	p. 204
Bibliography	p. 207
Index	p. 219

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