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Cover image for Metameterials : Beyond Crystals, Noncrystals, and Quasicrystals
Title:
Metameterials : Beyond Crystals, Noncrystals, and Quasicrystals
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
xxix, 311 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.
ISBN:
9781482223101
Abstract:
1. Introduction --2. Effective medium theory --3. Artificial particles : "man-made atoms" or "meta-atoms" -- 4. Homogeneous metamaterials : super crystals --5. Random metamaterials : super noncrystals --6. Inhomogeneous metamaterials : super quasicrystals --7. Gradient-index inhomogeneous metamaterials --8. Nearly isotropic inhomogeneous metamaterials --9. Anisotropic inhomogeneous metamaterials --10. Conclusions and remarks

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30000010345287 TK7871.15.M48 C85 2016 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Metamaterials: Beyond Crystals, Noncrystals, and Quasicrystals is a comprehensive and updated research monograph that focuses on recent advances in metamaterials based on the effective medium theory in microwave frequencies. Most of these procedures were conducted in the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, China.

The book conveys the essential concept of metamaterials from the microcosmic structure to the macroscopic electromagnetic properties and helps readers quickly obtain needed skills in creating new devices at microwave frequencies using metamaterials. The authors present the latest progress on metamaterials and transformation optics and provide abundant examples of metamaterial-based devices accompanied with detailed procedures to simulate, fabricate, and measure them.

Comprised of ten chapters, the book comprehensively covers both the fundamentals and the applications of metamaterials. Along with an introduction to the subject, the first three chapters discuss effective medium theory and artificial particles. The next three chapters cover homogeneous metamaterials (super crystals), random metamaterials (super noncrystals), and inhomogeneous metamaterials (super quasicrystals). The final four chapters examine gradient-index inhomogeneous metamaterials, nearly isotropic inhomogeneous metamaterials, and anisotropic inhomogeneous metamaterials, after which the authors provide their conclusions and closing remarks. The book is completely self-contained, making it easy to follow.


Author Notes

Tie Jun Cui is the full professor of the School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, and associate director of the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves. Since 2013, he has served as a representative of the People's Congress of China. Dr. Cui earned his BSc, MSc, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Xidian University, Xi'an, China, in 1987, 1990, and 1993, respectively. He is coeditor of the book Metamaterials: Theory, Design, and Applications and the author of six book chapters. He has published over 350 peer-reviewed journal articles in Science , PNAS , Nature Communications , Physical Review Letters, Physical Review X, Advanced Materials, Light Science & Applications, and IEEE Transactions.

Wen Xuan Tang earned her bachelor's degree in electronic engineering and her MSc degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 2006 and 2009, respectively, and her PhD degree in electromagnetics from Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, in 2012. In November 2012, she joined the School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, as a lecturer. She has published over 20 technical articles in highly ranked journals, including IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation , New Journal of Physics , Optics Express , Applied Physics Letters , and Scientific Reports .

Xin Mi Yang was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, in March 1982. He earned his BS and PhD degrees from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 2005 and 2010, respectively, both in the School of Information Science and Engineering. Since November 2010, he has been with the School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. His current research interests include metamaterials, metasurfaces, LTCC technology, and their applications in antennas and microwave engineering.

Zhong Lei Mei is a professor in the School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. He is also deputy dean of the school. He received his BSc, MSc, and PhD degrees in radio physics from Lanzhou University, China, in 1996, 1999, and 2007, respectively. Dr. Mei is a visiting research fellow in the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves. His current research interest includes metamaterials and computational electromagnetics. He has published over 30 peer-reviewed journal articles in international journals, including Physical Review Letters , IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation , New Journal of Physics , Optics Express , and Applied Physics Letters .

Wei Xiang Jiang earned his PhD degree in electrical engineering from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in October 2010. He joined the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, in November 2010, and was promoted to the post of associate professor in April 2011 and professor in April 2015. He has published more than 60 peer-reviewed journal articles in Advanced Materials , Advanced Functional Materials , Materials Today , and Applied Physics Letters. His current research interests include electromagnetic theory, illusion optics, and metamaterials. Dr. Jiang's research has been selected as Research Highlights by Europhysics News in June 2008, Research Highlights in 2008 by Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , and Research Highlights by Applied Physics Letters in 2011.


Table of Contents

List of Figuresp. xi
List of Tablesp. xxiii
Prefacep. xxv
Authorsp. xxvii
1 Introductionp. 1
1.1 Natural Materials and Metamaterialsp. 1
1.2 Homogeneous Metamaterials: Several Special Casesp. 2
1.2.1 Left-Handed Materialsp. 2
1.2.2 Zero-Refractive-Index Metamaterialsp. 3
1.2.3 Negative-Epsilon Materialsp. 4
1.2.4 Negative-Mu Materialsp. 6
1.3 Random Metamaterialsp. 7
1.4 Inhomogeneous Metamaterialsp. 9
1.4.1 GO Methodp. 9
1.4.2 Quasi-Con formal Mapping Methodp. 10
1.4.3 Transformation Opticsp. 11
1.5 Structure of This Bookp. 12
Acknowledgmentsp. 13
Referencesp. 13
2 Effective Medium Theoryp. 17
2.1 Lorentz-Drude Modelsp. 17
2.2 Retrieval Methods of Effective Medium Parametersp. 21
2.3 General Effective Medium Theoryp. 24
Referencesp. 28
3 Artificial Particles: "Man-Made Atoms" or "Meta-Atoms"p. 29
3.1 Electrically Resonant Particlesp. 30
3.2 Magnetically Resonant Particlesp. 34
3.3 Dielectric-Metal Resonant Particlesp. 36
3.4 Complementary Particlesp. 38
3.5 Dielectric Particlesp. 43
3.6 Nonresonant Particlesp. 48
3.7 LC Particlesp. 51
3.8 D.C. Particlesp. 57
Referencesp. 62
4 Homogeneous Metamaterials: Super Crystalsp. 67
4.1 Homogeneous Metamaterials: Periodic Arrangements of Particlesp. 68
4.1.1 SNG Metamaterialsp. 68
4.1.2 DNG Metamaterialsp. 79
4.1.3 Zero-Index Metamaterialsp. 85
4.1.4 DPS Metamaterialsp. 85
4.2 Single-Negative Metamaterialsp. 89
4.2.1 Evanescent-Wave Amplification in MNG-ENG Bilayer Slabsp. 89
4.2.2 Partial Focusing by Anisotropic MNG Metamaterialsp. 97
4.3 Double-Negative Metamaterialsp. 101
4.3.1 Strong Localization of EM Waves Using Four-Quadrant LHM-RHM Open Cavitiesp. 101
4.3.2 Free-Space LHM Super Lens Based on Fractal-Inspired DNG Metamaterialsp. 107
4.4 Zero-Index Metamaterialsp. 112
4.4.1 Electromagnetic Tunneling through a Thin Waveguide Channel Filled with ENZ Metamaterialsp. 112
4.4.2 Highly Directive Radiation by a Line Source in Anisotropic Zero-Index Metamaterialsp. 119
4.4.3 Spatial Power Combination for Omnidirectional Radiation via Radial AZIMp. 122
4.4.4 Directivity Enhancement to Vivaldi Antennas Using Compact AZIMsp. 125
4.5 Double-Positive Metamaterialsp. 127
4.5.1 Transmission Polarizer Based on Anisotropic DPS Metamaterialsp. 127
4.5.2 Increasing Bandwidth of Microstrip Antennas by Magneto-Dielectric Metamaterials Loadingp. 132
Appendix: 2D Near-Field Mapping Apparatusp. 140
Referencesp. 141
5 Random Metamaterials: Super Noncrystalsp. 147
5.1 Random Metamaterials: Random Arrangements of Particlesp. 147
5.1.1 Randomly Gradient Index Metamaterialp. 147
5.1.2 Metasurface with Random Distribution of Reflection Phasep. 150
5.2 Diffuse Reflections by Metamaterial Coating with Randomly Distributed Gradients of Refractive Indexp. 152
5.2.1 Role of Amount of Subregions or Length of Coatingp. 157
5.2.2 Influence of Impedance Mismatchp. 157
5.2.3 Influence of Random Distribution Modep. 158
5.2.4 Experimental Verification of Diffuse Reflectionsp. 159
5.3 RCS Reduction by Metasurface with Random Distribution of Reflection Phasep. 163
Referencesp. 166
6 Inhomogeneous Metamaterials: Super Quasicrystalsp. 169
6.1 Inhomogeneous Metamaterials: Particularly Nonperiodic Arrays of Meta-Atomsp. 169
6.2 Geometric Optics Method: Design of Isotropic Metamaterialsp. 171
6.3 Quasi-Conformal Mapping: Design of Nearly Isotropic Metamaterialsp. 173
6.4 Optical Transformation: Design of Anisotropic Metamaterialsp. 176
6.5 Examplesp. 178
6.5.1 Invisibility Cloaksp. 178
6.5.2 Concentratorsp. 180
6.5.3 High-Performance Antennasp. 182
6.5.4 Illusion-Optics Devicesp. 185
Referencesp. 188
7 Gradient-Index Inhomogeneous Metamaterialsp. 191
7.1 Several Representative GRIN Metamaterialsp. 194
7.1.1 Hole-Array Metamaterialp. 194
7.1.2 I-Shaped Metamaterialp. 195
7.1.3 Waveguide Metamaterialp. 195
7.2 2D Planar Gradient-Index Lensesp. 197
7.2.1 Derivation of the Refractive Index Profilep. 197
7.2.2 Full-Wave Simulations (Continuous Medium)p. 198
7.2.3 Hole-Array Metamaterialsp. 199
7.2.4 Full-Wave Simulations (Discrete Medium)p. 200
7.2.5 Experimental Realizationp. 201
7.3 2D Luneburg Lensp. 201
7.3.1 Refractive Index Profilep. 202
7.3.2 Ray Tracing Performancep. 202
7.3.3 Full-Wave Simulations (Continuous Medium)p. 204
7.3.4 Metamaterials Utilizedp. 204
7.3.5 Experimentsp. 204
7.4 2D Half Maxwell Fisheye Lensp. 207
7.4.1 Refractive Index Profilep. 207
7.4.2 Ray Tracing Performancep. 208
7.4.3 Full-Wave Simulations (Continuous Medium)p. 208
7.4.4 Metamaterials Utilizedp. 209
7.4.5 Experimentsp. 210
7.5 3D Planar Gradient-Index Lensp. 212
7.5.1 Refractive Index Profilep. 213
7.5.2 Full-Wave Simulations (Continuous Medium)p. 214
7.5.3 Metamaterials Utilizedp. 215
7.5.4 Experimentsp. 217
7.6 3D Half Luneburg Lensp. 218
7.6.1 Refractive Index Profilep. 219
7.6.2 Ray Tracing Performancep. 219
7.6.3 Full-Wave Simulationsp. 220
7.6.4 Metamaterials Utilizedp. 221
7.6.5 Experimentsp. 222
7.7 3D Maxwell Fisheye Lensp. 223
7.7.1 Refractive Index Profilep. 223
7.7.2 Ray Tracing Performancep. 223
7.7.3 Full-Wave Simulations and Experimentsp. 224
7.8 Electromagnetic Black Holep. 225
7.8.1 Refracrive Index Profilep. 226
7.8.2 Ray Tracing Performancep. 227
7.8.3 Full-Wave Simulations (Continuous Medium)p. 227
7.8.4 Metamaterials Utilizedp. 228
7.8.5 Experimentsp. 228
Referencesp. 230
8 Nearly Isotropic Inhomogeneous Metamaterialsp. 233
8.1 2D Ground-Plane Invisibility Cloakp. 233
8.2 2D Compact Ground-Plane Invisibility Cloakp. 241
8.3 2D Ground-Plane Illusion-Optics Devicesp. 247
8.4 2D Planar Parabolic Reflectorp. 251
8.5 3D Ground-Plane Invisibility Cloakp. 256
8.6 3D Flattened Luneburg Lensp. 262
Referencesp. 268
9 Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Metamaterialsp. 271
9.1 Spatial Invisibility Cloakp. 271
9.2 D.C. Circuit Invisibility Cloakp. 274
9.3 Spatial Illusion-Optics Devicesp. 281
9.3.1 Shrinking Devicesp. 281
9.3.2 Material Conversion Devicesp. 283
9.3.3 Virtual Target Generation Devicesp. 286
9.4 Circuit Illusion-Optics Devicesp. 291
Referencesp. 296
10 Conclusions and Remarksp. 299
10.1 Summary of the Bookp. 299
10.2 New Trends of Metamaterialsp. 300
10.2.1 Planar Metamaterials: Metasurfacesp. 300
10.2.2 Coding Metamaterials and Programmable Metamaterialsp. 301
10.2.3 Plasmonic Metamaterialsp. 302
Referencesp. 303
Indexp. 305
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