Handbook of reflector antennas and feed systems

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This is the first truly comprehensive and most up-to-date handbook available on modern reflector antennas and feed sources for diversified space and ground applications. There has never been such an all-encompassing reflector handbook in print, and no currently available title offers coverage of such recent research developments. The Handbook consists of three volumes.Volume 1 provides a unique combination of theoretical underpinnings with design considerations and techniques. The need for knowledge in reflector antennas has grown steadily over the last two decades due to increased use in space and ground applications, as well as their high gain and wide bandwidth capabilities - relatively low cost. This volume brings you to the leading edge of developments in the field related to numerical techniques, classical reflector geometries, adaptive reflector antennas, shaped reflectors, bifocal and bicollimated dual reflectors, advanced reflectors, and relfect arrays. A must-have reference for both practicing engineers as well as academic researchers.

Author Notes

Satish K. Sharma is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at San Diego State University. He earned his Ph.D. in electronics engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi.
Sudhakar Rao is a Technical Fellow at Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems. He earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.
Lotfollah Shafai is the Canada Research Chair in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Manitoba. He earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. x
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Reflector Antenna Basics	p. 2
1.3 Feed Sources for Reflector Antennas	p. 6
1.4 Analysis of Reflector Antennas	p. 6
1.5 Advanced Reflector Antenna Configurations	p. 7
1.6 Important Fundamental Parameters	p. 8
1.7 Organization of the Book	p. 9
References	p. 10
Chapter 2 Numerical Techniques for Reflectors	p. 13
2.1 Introduction	p. 13
2.2 Reflector Geometry Using a Surface of Revolution	p. 14
2.2.1 Rays in a Parabola	p. 14
2.3 Geometric Optics	p. 15
2.4 Feed Modeling	p. 16
2.4.1 Analytical Feed Models	p. 16
2.4.2 Spherical Wave Expansion Feed	p. 18
2.4.3 Currents Expansion Feed	p. 19
2.5 Reflector Analysis Methods	p. 19
2.5.1 Aperture Method	p. 19
2.5.2 PO Analysis	p. 23
2.5.3 GO/GTD Analysis	p. 29
2.5.4 Shooting and Bouncing Analysis	p. 31
2.5.5 Moment Method Reflector Analysis	p. 32
2.6 Reflector Size Limitation	p. 38
2.7 Struts	p. 40
2.7.1 Polygon Struts	p. 43
2.7.2 Metal Space Frame Radome	p. 47
2.8 Dual Reflector	p. 51
2.9 Dual Grid Reflector	p. 60
2.10 Reflector Coupling	p. 63
Acknowledgments	p. 64
References	p. 64
Chapter 3 Classical Reflector Antennas: Design Guidelines and Performance Characteristics	p. 67
3.1 Introduction	p. 67
3.2 General Conic-Section-Generated Reflectors	p. 68
3.2.1 Conic Sections	p. 68
3.2.2 Conic-Section-Generated Reflectors	p. 69
3.3 Parabolic Reflectors	p. 70
3.3.1 Geometrical Parameters	p. 71
3.3.2 Feed Patterns	p. 72
3.3.3 Edge Tapers and Feed Tapers	p. 77
3.3.4 Reflector Pattern Characteristics	p. 78
3.3.5 Off-Focus Feeds	p. 83
3.3.6 Beam Squint	p. 94
3.3.7 Symmetric Versus Offset Parabolic Configurations	p. 96
3.4 Folded-Optics Reflectors	p. 97
3.4.1 Cassegrain and Gregorian Reflectors	p. 98
3.4.2 The Equivalent Paraboloid	p. 101
3.4.3 Feed and Subreflector Blockage	p. 102
3.4.4 Sidelobes	p. 102
3.4.5 Efficiency Factors	p. 105
3.4.6 Offset Dual-Reflector Systems	p. 106
3.4.7 Antenna Noise Temperature	p. 108
3.4.8 Reflector Shaping	p. 113
3.5 Other Classical Reflectors	p. 113
3.5.1 Corner Reflectors	p. 113
3.5.2 Spherical Reflector	p. 115
3.5.3 Reflectors with Parabolic Arc	p. 117
References	p. 119
Chapter 4 Reflector Antennas with Adaptive Apertures	p. 125
4.1 Introduction	p. 125
4.2 Theory and Overview	p. 126
4.3 Reflector Antenna Performance with Individual TE 11 , TM 01 , and TE 21 Modes of a Circular Waveguide Feed	p. 128
4.4 Reflector Antenna Performance with Dual Mode Feed Horns	p. 130
4.4.1 Symmetric Reflector with TE 11 + TM 01 Mode Feed Horn	p. 131
4.4.2 Offset Reflector with TE 11 + TM 01 Mode Feed Horn	p. 135
4.4.3 Symmetric Reflector with TE 11 + TE 21 Mode Feed Horn	p. 139
4.4.4 Offset Reflector with TE 11 + TE 21 Mode Feed Horn	p. 143
4.5 Symmetric Reflector with a Tri-Mode Circular Waveguide Feed	p. 145
4.5.1 Practical Triple-Mode Feed Horn	p. 149
4.5.2 Symmetric Reflector Antenna Performance with the Tri-Mode Feed	p. 154
4.6 Multiple Phase Center Offset Reflectors with TM 11 + TM 21 Microstrip Patch Feeds	p. 155
References	p. 160
Chapter 5 Reflector Shaping	p. 163
5.1 Introduction	p. 163
5.2 Reflector Shaping Considerations	p. 164
5.3 Reflector Shaping Techniques	p. 166
5.4 Frequency Re-Use	p. 168
5.5 Reflector Shaping Using Synthesis Techniques	p. 169
5.6 Shaping Limitations and Manufacturing Aspects	p. 176
References	p. 178
Chapter 6 Bifocal and Bicollimated Dual Reflector Antennas	p. 181
6.1 Introduction	p. 181
6.2 Bifocal Dual Reflector Antennas	p. 182
6.2.1 Cassegrain Configuration	p. 182
6.2.2 Gregorian Configuration	p. 193
6.3 Multifocal Dual Reflector Antennas	p. 195
6.4 Bicollimated Dual Reflector Antenna	p. 197
6.4.1 Design Procedure	p. 199
6.4.2 Polynomial Approximation	p. 202
6.4.3 Equivalent Gregorian Confocal Reflector	p. 202
6.4.4 Limiting Gregorian Confocal Reflector	p. 203
6.4.5 Phase Error Analysis	p. 203
6.4.6 Design Example	p. 204
6.5 Bifocal and Bicollimated Dual Reflector Antenna Applications	p. 207
Acknowledgments	p. 212
Appendix A Determination of the Parameters P, L, a, and d	p. 212
Appendix B Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing Procedure	p. 213
References	p. 216
Chapter 13 Advanced Reflector Antennas	p. 219
7.1 Introduction	p. 219
7.2 Confocal Antenna System	p. 221
7.3 Side-Fed and Front-Fed Offset Cassegrain Antenna Systems	p. 225
7.4 Nonfocused Reflector Antenna	p. 229
7.5 Reconfigurable Reflector Antennas	p. 234
7.6 ADE Reflector Antennas	p. 241
References	p. 245
Chapter 8 Reflectarray Antennas	p. 247
8.1 Introduction	p. 247
8.2 General Design Guidelines	p. 249
8.3 Aperture Efficiency of Reflectarray and Comparison with Conventional Parabolic Reflector	p. 253
8.3.1 Illumination Efficiency	p. 253
8.3.2 Spillover Efficiency	p. 254
8.3.3 Polarization Efficiency	p. 256
8.3.4 Phase Efficiency	p. 256
8.3.5 Blockage Efficiency	p. 257
8.3.6 Dielectric and Conductor Loss	p. 258
8.4 Contribution of Scattering from Constituent Components of a Reflectarray to Its Near-Field and Far-Field Operation	p. 259
8.4 Different Types of Reflectarray Cell Elements	p. 264
8.5 Different Types of Reflectarray Antennas	p. 274
Acknowledgments	p. 284
References	p. 289
About the Editors	p. 295
List of Contributors	p. 298
Index	p. 299

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