Wire ropes : tension, endurance, reliability

Title:

Personal Author:

Feyrer, Klaus

Publication Information:

New York, NY : Springer, 2007

ISBN:

9783540338215

Subject Term:

Wire rope -- Testing

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010101169	TA492.W8 F49 2007	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This book on wire ropes is dedicated mainly to all users of wire ropes - the construction engineers, operators and supervisors of machines and instal- tions running on wire ropes - and it is divided into three main sections. The ?rst section deals with the di?erent types of wire rope and their component parts, the second looks into the e?ects of wire ropes under tensile forces (s- tionary ropes), while the third takes a look at the wire ropes under bending and tensile force (running ropes). In addition to deriving the various tensile, bending and twisting stresses, the compression and the extensions, the book includes the ?ndings and descriptions of a great number of detailed experiments, in particular those concerning rope endurance under ?uctuating tension and bending and rope discard criteria. As far as possible, the test ?ndings have been evaluated s- tistically so that not only the mean value but also the scattering is apparent. It has been the main concern of this book to present the methods used to calculate the most important rope quantities (rope geometry, wire stresses in the rope under tension, bending and twist, rope elasticity module, rope torque, rope e?ciency, the bearable number of load cycles or bending cycles and the discard number of wire breaks, etc.) as well as to explain how they are applied by means of a large number of calculations as examples.

1 Wire Ropes, Elements and Definitions	p. 1
1.1 Steel Wire	p. 1
1.1.1 Non-Alloy Steel	p. 1
1.1.2 Wire Manufacturing	p. 3
1.1.3 Metallic Coating	p. 4
1.1.4 Corrosion Resistant Wires	p. 5
1.1.5 Wire Tensile Test	p. 6
1.1.6 Wire Endurance and Fatigue Strength	p. 8
1.2 Strands	p. 24
1.2.1 Round Strands	p. 24
1.2.2 Shaped Strands	p. 27
1.2.3 Compacted Strands	p. 28
1.3 Rope Cores	p. 29
1.4 Lubrication	p. 31
1.4.1 Lubricant	p. 31
1.4.2 Lubricant Consumption	p. 33
1.4.3 Rope Endurance	p. 33
1.5 Wire Ropes	p. 34
1.5.1 The Classification of Ropes According to Usage	p. 34
1.5.2 Wire Rope Constructions	p. 35
1.5.3 Designation of Wire Ropes	p. 39
1.5.4 Symbols and Definitions	p. 40
1.6 The Geometry of Wire Ropes	p. 45
1.6.1 Round Strand with Round Wires	p. 46
1.6.2 Round Strand with Any Kind of Profiled Wires	p. 47
1.6.3 Fibre Core	p. 52
1.6.4 Steel Core	p. 55
References	p. 55
2 Wire Ropes under Tensile Load	p. 61
2.1 Stresses in Straight Wire Ropes	p. 61
2.1.1 Basic Relation for the Wire Tensile Force in a Strand	p. 62
2.1.2 Wire Tensile Stress in the Strand or Wire Rope	p. 65
2.1.3 Additional Wire Stresses in the Straight Spiral Rope	p. 71
2.1.4 Additional Wire Stresses in Straight Stranded Ropes	p. 74
2.2 Wire Rope Elasticity Module	p. 79
2.2.1 Definition	p. 79
2.2.2 Rope Elasticity Module of Strands and Spiral Ropes, Calculation	p. 80
2.2.3 Rope Elasticity Module of Stranded Wire Ropes	p. 82
2.2.4 Waves and Vibrations	p. 94
2.3 Reduction of the Rope Diameter due to Rope Tensile Force	p. 102
2.4 Torque and Torsional Stiffness	p. 104
2.4.1 Rope Torque from Geometric Data	p. 104
2.4.2 Torque of Twisted Round Strand Ropes	p. 106
2.4.3 Rotating of the Bottom Sheave	p. 114
2.4.4 Rope Twist Caused by the Height-Stress	p. 116
2.4.5 Change of the Rope Length by Twisting the Rope	p. 120
2.4.6 Wire Stresses Caused by Twisting the Rope	p. 124
2.4.7 Rope Endurance Under Fluctuating Twist	p. 129
2.5 Wire Rope Breaking Force	p. 130
2.6 Wire Ropes Under Fluctuating Tension	p. 132
2.6.1 Conditions of Tension-Tension Tests	p. 132
2.6.2 Evaluating Methods	p. 133
2.6.3 Results of Tension Fatigue Test-Series	p. 139
2.6.4 Further Results of Tension Fatigue Tests	p. 148
2.6.5 Calculation of the Number of Load Cycles	p. 154
2.7 Dimensioning Stay Wire Ropes	p. 159
2.7.1 Extreme Forces	p. 159
2.7.2 Fluctuating Forces	p. 161
2.7.3 Discard Criteria	p. 163
References	p. 164
3 Wire Ropes Under Bending and Tensile Stresses	p. 173
3.1 Stresses in Running Wire Ropes	p. 173
3.1.1 Bending and Torsion Stress	p. 173
3.1.2 Secondary Tensile Stress	p. 179
3.1.3 Stresses from the Rope Ovalisation	p. 185
3.1.4 Secondary Bending Stress	p. 186
3.1.5 Sum of the Stresses	p. 187
3.1.6 Force Between Rope and Sheave (Line Pressure)	p. 189
3.1.7 Pressure Between Rope and Sheave	p. 197
3.1.8 Force on the Outer Arcs of the Rope Wires	p. 201
3.2 Rope Bending Tests	p. 204
3.2.1 Bending-Fatigue-Machines, Test Procedures	p. 204
3.2.2 Number of Bending Cycles	p. 212
3.2.3 Further Influences on the Number of Bending Cycles	p. 221
3.2.4 Reverse Bending	p. 236
3.2.5 Fluctuating Tension and Bending	p. 237
3.2.6 Palmgren-Miner Rule	p. 240
3.2.7 Limiting Factors	p. 241
3.2.8 Ropes during Bendings	p. 244
3.2.9 Number of Wire Breaks	p. 247
3.3 Rope Drive Requirements	p. 259
3.3.1 General Requirements	p. 259
3.3.2 Lifting Installations for Passengers	p. 261
3.3.3 Cranes and Lifting Appliances	p. 263
3.4 Calculation of Rope Drives	p. 265
3.4.1 Analysis of Rope Drives	p. 266
3.4.2 Tensile Rope Force	p. 271
3.4.3 Number of Bending Cycles	p. 273
3.4.4 Palmgren-Miner Rule	p. 278
3.4.5 Limits	p. 279
3.4.6 Rope Drive Calculations, Examples	p. 283
3.5 Rope Efficiency	p. 297
3.5.1 Single Sheave	p. 297
3.5.2 Rope Drive	p. 301
3.5.3 Lowering an Empty Hook Block	p. 304
References	p. 306
Index	p. 317

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