Health, safety, and accident management in the chemical process industries

Title:

Personal Author:

Flynn, Ann Marie

Series:

Chemical industries ; 50

Publication Information:

New York : Marcel Dekker, 2002

ISBN:

9780824706753

Subject Term:

Chemical industry -- Safety measures

Chemical process control -- Safety measures

Added Author:

Theodore, Louis

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004521716	TP150.S24 F59 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

"Analyzes health and hazard risk assessment in commercial, industrial, and refining industries. Emphasizes legal requirements, emergency planning and response, safety equipment, process implementation, and occupational and environmental protection exposure guidelines. Presents applicatoins and calculations for risk analysis of real systems, as well as numerous end-of-chapter examples and references."

Author Notes

Ann Marie Flynn is Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York
Louis Theodore is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York

Part I Introduction	p. 1
Chapter 1 Past History	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Early Accidents	p. 4
1.3 Recent Major Accidents	p. 7
1.4 Other Accidents	p. 18
1.5 Advances in Safety Features	p. 21
1.6 Illustrative Examples	p. 24
1.7 Summary	p. 28
References	p. 29
Chapter 2 Legislation	p. 31
2.1 Introduction	p. 31
2.2 Early Legislation	p. 32
2.3 Air Pollution Legislation	p. 34
2.4 Water Pollution Legislation	p. 37
2.5 Hazardous and Toxic Waste Legislation	p. 39
2.6 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)	p. 42
2.7 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)	p. 67
2.8 USEPA's Risk Management Program	p. 69
2.9 Regulatory Problem Areas and Potential Environmental Violations	p. 69
2.10 The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990	p. 71
2.11 Illustrative Examples	p. 73
2.12 Summary	p. 76
References	p. 77
Chapter 3 Emergency Planning and Response	p. 79
3.1 Introduction	p. 79
3.2 The Need for Emergency Response Planning	p. 80
3.3 The Planning Committee	p. 81
3.4 Hazards Survey	p. 85
3.5 Plan for Emergencies	p. 87
3.6 Training of Personnel	p. 90
3.7 Notification of Public and Regulatory Officials	p. 92
3.8 Plan Implementation	p. 94
3.9 Other State Regulatory Initiatives	p. 97
3.10 Illustrative Examples	p. 100
3.11 Summary	p. 102
References	p. 103
Part II Process and Plant Accidents	p. 107
Chapter 4 Process Fundamentals	p. 109
4.1 Introduction	p. 109
4.2 Units and Dimensions	p. 109
4.3 Physical Properties	p. 111
4.4 Chemical Properties	p. 116
4.5 Conservation Laws	p. 119
4.6 Engineering Principles	p. 122
4.7 Illustrative Examples	p. 129
4.8 Summary	p. 131
References	p. 132
Chapter 5 Process Equipment	p. 133
5.1 Introduction	p. 133
5.2 Reactors	p. 133
5.3 Heat Exchangers	p. 136
5.4 Mass Transfer Equipment	p. 137
5.5 Ancillary Equipment	p. 142
5.6 Environmental Control Equipment	p. 149
5.7 Utilities	p. 156
5.8 Protective and Safety Systems	p. 157
5.9 Process Diagrams	p. 159
5.10 Plant Siting and Layout	p. 161
5.11 Illustrative Examples	p. 172
5.12 Summary	p. 176
References	p. 177
Chapter 6 Classification of Accidents	p. 179
6.1 Introduction	p. 179
6.2 Equipment Accidents	p. 180
6.3 Human Errors and Occupational Mishaps	p. 182
6.4 Transport Accidents	p. 185
6.5 Electrical Failures	p. 189
6.6 Nuclear Accidents	p. 192
6.7 Natural Disasters	p. 195
6.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 196
6.9 Summary	p. 200
References	p. 201
Chapter 7 Fires, Explosion, Toxic Emissions, and Hazardous Spills	p. 203
7.1 Introduction	p. 203
7.2 Fire Fundamentals	p. 203
7.3 Plant Fires	p. 214
7.4 Explosion Fundamentals	p. 221
7.5 Plant Explosions	p. 229
7.6 Toxic Emissions	p. 233
7.7 Hazardous Spills	p. 237
7.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 240
7.9 Summary	p. 246
References	p. 247
Chapter 8 Process Applications	p. 249
8.1 Introduction	p. 249
8.2 Chlorine	p. 250
8.3 Ammonia	p. 255
8.4 Hydrogen Cyanide	p. 263
8.5 Hydrogen Fluoride	p. 269
8.6 Sulfuric Acid	p. 274
8.7 Other Chemical Processes	p. 279
8.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 281
8.9 Summary	p. 281
References	p. 282
Part III Health Risk Assessment	p. 285
Chapter 9 Introduction to Health Risk Assessment	p. 287
9.1 Introduction	p. 287
9.2 The Health Risk Evaluation Process	p. 288
9.3 Health Hazard Identification	p. 289
9.4 Dose-Response	p. 292
9.5 Exposure Assessment	p. 293
9.6 Health Risk Characterization	p. 294
9.7 Illustrative Examples	p. 295
9.8 Summary	p. 296
References	p. 297
Chapter 10 Health Hazard Identification	p. 299
10.1 Introduction	p. 299
10.2 Toxicology Principles	p. 300
10.3 Epidemiology Principles	p. 301
10.4 Molecular/Atomic Structural Analysis	p. 302
10.5 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)	p. 302
10.6 Engineering Problem Solving	p. 303
10.7 Fate of Chemical Health Hazards	p. 307
10.8 Carcinogens versus Noncarcinogens	p. 309
10.9 Illustrative Examples	p. 310
10.10 Summary	p. 312
References	p. 313
Chapter 11 Dose-Response	p. 315
11.1 Introduction	p. 315
11.2 Definitions	p. 316
11.3 Toxicology	p. 322
11.4 Epidemiology	p. 324
11.5 Noncarcinogens	p. 327
11.6 Carcinogens	p. 334
11.7 Uncertainties/Limitations	p. 340
11.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 342
11.9 Summary	p. 349
References	p. 351
Chapter 12 Exposure Assessment	p. 353
12.1 Introduction	p. 353
12.2 Components of an Exposure Assessment	p. 354
12.3 Dispersion in Water Systems	p. 357
12.4 Dispersion in Soils	p. 363
12.5 Effective Height of Emission	p. 367
12.6 Atmospheric Dispersion Equations for Continuous Sources	p. 371
12.7 Atmospheric Dispersion Equation for Instantaneous Sources	p. 381
12.8 Stack Design Considerations	p. 383
12.9 USEPA Air Quality Models	p. 384
12.10 Illustrative Examples	p. 386
12.11 Summary	p. 392
References	p. 394
Chapter 13 Health Risk Analysis and Characterization	p. 395
13.1 Introduction	p. 395
13.2 Qualitative Risk Scenarios	p. 396
13.3 Quantitative Risk: Noncarcinogens	p. 398
13.4 Quantitative Risk: Carcinogens	p. 403
13.5 Risk Uncertainties/Limitations	p. 405
13.6 Risk-Based Decision Making	p. 407
13.7 Public Perception of Risk	p. 408
13.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 413
13.9 Summary	p. 419
References	p. 421
Part IV Hazard Risk Assessment	p. 423
Chapter 14 Introduction to Hazard Risk Assessment	p. 425
14.1 Introduction	p. 425
14.2 Risk Evaluation Process for Accidents	p. 426
14.3 Hazard Identification	p. 428
14.4 Causes of Accidents	p. 429
14.5 Consequences of Accidents	p. 430
14.6 Cause-Consequence Analysis	p. 431
14.7 Future Trends	p. 432
14.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 432
14.9 Summary	p. 435
References	p. 436
Chapter 15 Event/Hazard Identification	p. 437
15.1 Introduction	p. 437
15.2 Event/Hazard Evaluation Techniques	p. 438
15.3 System Checklists	p. 439
15.4 Safety Review/Safety Audit	p. 442
15.5 "What If" Analysis	p. 443
15.6 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)	p. 444
15.7 Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)	p. 445
15.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 449
15.9 Summary	p. 455
References	p. 457
Chapter 16 Accident Causes and Probability	p. 459
16.1 Introduction	p. 459
16.2 Causes of Accidents	p. 461
16.3 Equipment Failure	p. 462
16.4 Mechanical Operations	p. 472
16.5 Other Causes	p. 472
16.6 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)	p. 475
16.7 Illustrative Examples	p. 478
16.8 Summary	p. 481
References	p. 482
Chapter 17 Accident Consequences and Evaluation	p. 483
17.1 Introduction	p. 483
17.2 Accident Minimization/Prevention	p. 484
17.3 Consequence Estimation	p. 495
17.4 Evacuation Procedure	p. 496
17.5 Failure Modes, Effects and Critical Analysis	p. 499
17.6 Vulnerability Analysis	p. 500
17.7 Event Tree Analysis (ETA)	p. 504
17.8 Illustrative Examples	p. 506
17.9 Summary	p. 510
References	p. 511
Chapter 18 Hazard Risk Analysis	p. 513
18.1 Introduction	p. 513
18.2 Risk Characterization	p. 514
18.3 Cause-Consequence Analysis	p. 515
18.4 Qualitative Hazard Risk Analysis	p. 517
18.5 Quantitative Hazard Risk Analysis	p. 521
18.6 Uncertainties/Limitations	p. 523
18.7 Public Perception of Risk	p. 525
18.8 Risk Communication	p. 526
18.9 Illustrative Examples	p. 531
18.10 Summary	p. 535
References	p. 536
Part V Quantitative Hazard Risk Assessment	p. 539
Chapter 19 Hazard Risk Assessment Fundamentals	p. 541
19.1 Introduction	p. 541
19.2 Probability Definitions and Interpretations	p. 542
19.3 Set Notation for Events	p. 544
19.4 Basic Theorems	p. 546
19.5 Conditional Probability	p. 548
19.6 Bayes' Theorem	p. 550
19.7 Random Variables	p. 551
19.8 Probability Distributions	p. 552
19.9 Expected Values	p. 558
19.10 Estimation of Mean and Variance	p. 562
19.11 Illustrative Examples	p. 563
19.12 Summary	p. 566
References	p. 569
Chapter 20 Hazard Risk Assessment Calculations	p. 571
20.1 Introduction	p. 571
20.2 Series and Parallel Systems	p. 571
20.3 Reliability Relations	p. 573
20.4 The Bathtub Curve	p. 576
20.5 Other Special Distributions	p. 579
20.6 Monte Carlo Simulation of Failure Distributions	p. 592
20.7 Fault Tree Analysis	p. 595
20.8 Event Tree Analysis	p. 599
20.9 Illustrative Examples	p. 601
20.10 Summary	p. 603
References	p. 606
Chapter 21 Hazard Risk Analysis Applications	p. 609
21.1 Introduction	p. 609
21.2 Estimation of Failure Rate of Coolant Recycle Pump	p. 614
21.3 Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals	p. 616
21.4 Release of Toxic Vapor	p. 618
21.5 Operation of Holdup Tank Containing a Hazardous Chemical	p. 622
21.6 Bus Section Failures in Electrostatic Precipitators	p. 626
21.7 Illustrative Example	p. 628
21.8 Summary	p. 634
References	p. 637
Index	p. 639

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