Introduction to Optics Introduction Law of Reflection Law of Refraction Interference Diffraction Polarization Fresnel Equations Thin Film Optics Optical Components Refraction at Curved Interface Paraxial Optics Problems Laser Beams Gaussian Beams The ABCD Law for Gaussian Beams Laser Collimator Vortex Beams Bessel Beams Problems Sources, Detectors, and Recording Media Introduction Radiometric Units Blackbody Light Sources Detectors Recording Media Image Detectors Spatial Light Modulators Problems Interferometry Introduction Early History Generation of Coherent Waves/Sources Fringe Patterns Some More Interferometers Phase Shifting Problems Techniques Holography and Hologram Interferometry Speckle Phenomenon, Speckle Photography, and Speckle Interferometry The Moire Phenomena Photoelasticity Microscopy Problems Measurement of Refractive Index Introduction Spectrometer Goniometer Methods Based on the Measurement of Critical Angle Measurement of Brewster Angle Ellipsometry Spectral Transmission Measurement Interferometry Problems Measurement of Radius of Curvature and Focal Length Introduction Measurement of Radius of Curvature Scanning Profilometry Radius of Curvature Measurement by Talbot Interferometry Measurement of Focal Length Moire Deflectometry Problems Optical Testing Testing of a Flat Surface Testing of Spherical Surfaces Testing of Aspherical Surfaces Oblique Incidence Interferometer Shear Interferometry Long Wavelength Interferometry Problems Angle Measurement Definition of an Angle Autocollimator Goniometer Interferometry Problems Thickness Measurement Triangulation-Based Probe Spectral Reflectometry Ellipsometry Interferometry Low Coherence Interferometry Confocal Microscopy Light Section Microscopy Problems Measurement of Velocity Introduction Scattering from a Moving Particle-Doppler Shift Scatter Light Beams Anemometry Multichannel LDA Systems Signal Processing Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of Very High Velocity Problems Pressure Measurement Pressure Sensitive Paint Measurement of Pressure with Photoelastic Material Ruby Pressure Standard Fabry-Perot Etalon as Pressure Sensor Problems Fiber Optic- and MEM-Based Measurements Introduction Intensity Modulation Phase Modulation Pressure Sensor: Membrane Type Bragg Grating Sensors Polarization Maintaining Single-Mode Fibers Fiber Optic Biosensors Problems Length Measurement Introduction Measurement of Gauge Blocks and Slip Gauges Gauge Block Interferometry: Comparison with a Standard Comb Generation and Gauge Block Calibration Modulated Frequency-Displacement Sensor Displacement Measurement with Interferometry Angle Interferometer The Moire Technique for Displacement Measurement Displacement Distribution Measurement Moire Techniques Digital Image Correlation Problems