An introduction to the optical spectroscopy of inorganic solids

This practical guide to spectroscopy and inorganic materials meets the demand from academia and the science community for an introductory text that introduces the different optical spectroscopic techniques, used in many laboratories, for material characterisation. Treats the most basic aspects to be introduced into the field of optical spectroscopy of inorganic materials, enabling a student to interpret simple optical (absorption, reflectivity, emission and scattering) spectra Contains simple, illustrative examples and solved exercises Covers the theory, instrumentation and applications of spectroscopy for the characterisation of inorganic materials, including lasers, phosphors and optical materials such as photonics

This is an ideal beginner's guide for students with some previous knowledge in quantum mechanics and optics, as well as a reference source for professionals or researchers in materials science, especially the growing field of optical materials.

Author Notes

Jose Solé , Department of Material Science, University of Madrid, Spain.

Luis Bausa , Department of Material Science, University of Madrid, Spain.

Daniel Jaque , Department of Material Science, University of Madrid, Spain.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Some Physical Constants of Interest in Spectroscopy

A Periodic Table of the Elements for Optical Spectroscopy

1 Fundamentals

1.1 Origin of the Spectroscopy

1.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum

Optical Spectroscopy

1.3 Absorption

The Spectrophotometer

1.4 Luminescence

The Spectrofluorimeter

Time Resolved Luminescence

1.5 Scattering

The Raman effect

1.6 Advanced topic: The Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer

Exercises

2 Light Sources

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Lamps

2.3 The Laser

Basic Principles

2.4 Types of Lasers

2.5 Tunability of laser radiation

The Optical Parametric Oscillator

2.6 Advanced Topic

1 Site Selective Spectroscopy

2 Excited State Absorption

Exercises

3 Monochromators and Detectors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Monochromators

3.3 Types of Detectors

Basic Parameters

3.4 The Photomultiplier

3.5 Signal/noise ratio Optimisation

3.6 Detection of Pulses

3.7 Advanced Topic: Detection of Very Fast Pulses

The Streak Camera

The Correlator

Exercises

4 The Optical Transparency of Solids

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Optical Magnitudes and the Dielectric Constant

4.3 The Lorentz Oscillator

4.4 Metals

4.5 Semiconductors and Insulators

4.6 Spectral Shape of the Fundamental Absorption Edge

4.7 Excitons

4.8 Advanced Topic: The Colour of Metals

Exercises

5 Optically Active Centers

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Static Interaction

The Crystalline Field

5.3 Band Intensities

The Oscillator Strength

5.4 Dynamic Interaction

The Coordinate Configuration Diagram

5.5 Band Shape

The Huang-Rhys Factor

5.6 Non Radiative Transitions. Energy Transfer

5.7 Advanced Topic: Determination of Quantum Efficiencies

Exercises

6 Applications: Rare Earth and Transition Metal Ions, and Color Centers

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Trivalent Rare Earth Ions. Diagram of Dieke

6.3 Non Radiative Transitions in Rare Earth Ions

The "Energy Gap" Law

6.4 Transition Metal Ions. Tanabe- Sugano Diagrams

6.5 Colour Centres

6.6 Advanced topic

1 The Judd and Ofelt method

2 Optical Cooling of Solids

7 Group Theory and Spectroscopy

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Symmetry Operations and Classes

7.3 Representations. The Character Table

7.4 Reduction in Symmetry and Splitting of Energy Levels

7.5 Selection Rules for Optical Transitions

7.6 Illustrative Examples

7.7 Advanced Topic: Applications to Optical Transitions of Kramers Ions

Exercises

Appendix A1 The Joint Density of States

Appendix A2 The Effect of an Octahedral Field on a d 1 Valence Electron

Appendix A3 The Calculation of the Probability of Spontaneous Emission by Means of Einstein Thermodynamic Treatment

Appendix A4 Determination of the Smakula's Formula

Index

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents