Semiconductor optical amplifiers

This invaluable book provides a comprehensive treatment of the design and applications of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). SOAs are important components for optical communication systems with applications as in-line amplifiers and as functional devices in evolving optical networks. The functional applications of SOAs were first studied in the early 1990s; since then, the diversity and scope of such applications have been steadily growing.Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers is self-contained and unified in presentation. The treatments in the book are detailed enough to capture the interest of the curious reader and sufficiently complete to provide the necessary background to explore the subject further. It is intended to be used as an advanced text by graduate students and by practicing engineers but is also suitable for non-experts who wish to have an overview of optical amplifiers.

Preface	p. ix
Authors' Biographies	p. xi
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Historical Developments	p. 1
1.2 Semiconductor Materials	p. 2
1.3 Operating Principles	p. 6
1.4 Applications	p. 8
1.5 Book Overview	p. 9
1.6 Future Challenges	p. 11
1.7 References	p. 11
2 Basic Concepts	p. 15
2.1 Introduction	p. 15
2.2 Optical Gain	p. 16
2.3 Dielectric Waveguide	p. 19
2.4 Condition for Amplification	p. 21
2.5 P-N Junction	p. 23
2.6 Amplifier Characteristics	p. 26
2.7 Multiquantum Well Amplifiers	p. 30
2.8 References	p. 32
3 Recombination Mechanisms and Gain	p. 35
3.1 Introduction	p. 35
3.2 Radiative Recombination	p. 36
3.3 Nonradiative Recombination	p. 44
3.4 Quantum Well Amplifiers	p. 58
3.5 Gain in Quantum Wire (QWR) and Quantum Dot (QD) Structures	p. 70
3.6 References	p. 76
4 Epitaxial Growth and Amplifier Designs	p. 81
4.1 Introduction	p. 81
4.2 Material Systems	p. 82
4.3 Epitaxial Growth Methods	p. 85
4.4 Strained Layer Epitaxy	p. 89
4.5 Selective Area Growth	p. 91
4.6 Amplifier Designs	p. 96
4.7 Growth of QWR and QD Materials	p. 101
4.8 References	p. 106
5 Low Reflectivity Facet Designs	p. 111
5.1 Introduction	p. 111
5.2 Low Reflectivity Coatings	p. 113
5.3 Buried Facet Amplifiers	p. 115
5.4 Tilted Facet Amplifiers	p. 118
5.5 Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Optical Gain	p. 122
5.6 References	p. 126
6 Amplifier Rate Equations and Operating Characteristics	p. 129
6.1 Introduction	p. 129
6.2 Amplifier Rate Equations for Pulse Propagation	p. 130
6.3 Pulse Amplification	p. 133
6.4 Multichannel Amplification	p. 136
6.5 Amplifier Application in Optical Transmission Systems	p. 139
6.6 Amplifier Noise	p. 148
6.7 Gain Dynamics	p. 156
6.8 References	p. 169
7 Photonic Integrated Circuit Using Amplifiers	p. 173
7.1 Introduction	p. 173
7.2 Integrated Laser and Amplifier	p. 174
7.3 Multichannel WDM Sources with Amplifiers	p. 176
7.4 Spot Size Conversion (SSC)	p. 177
7.5 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer	p. 178
7.6 References	p. 181
8 Functional Properties and Applications	p. 183
8.1 Introduction	p. 183
8.2 Four-Wave Mixing	p. 183
8.3 Cross Gain Modulation	p. 197
8.4 Cross Phase Modulation	p. 203
8.5 Wavelength Conversion	p. 205
8.6 Optical Demultiplexing	p. 208
8.7 OTDM System Applications	p. 212
8.8 References	p. 218
9 Optical Logic Operations	p. 221
9.1 Introduction	p. 221
9.2 Optical Logic XOR	p. 221
9.3 Optical Logic OR	p. 243
9.4 Optical Logic AND	p. 250
9.5 Optical Logic INVERT	p. 257
9.6 References	p. 259
10 Optical Logic Circuits	p. 263
10.1 Introduction	p. 263
10.2 Adder	p. 263
10.3 Parity Checker	p. 268
10.4 All-Optical Pseudorandom Binary Sequence (PRBS) Generator	p. 276
10.5 All-Optical Header Processor	p. 279
10.6 References	p. 285
Index	p. 289

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