Cover image for Ecosystem function in Savannas : measurement and modeling at landscape to global scales
Title:
Ecosystem function in Savannas : measurement and modeling at landscape to global scales
Publication Information:
Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2011.
Physical Description:
p. cm.
ISBN:
9781439804704

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30000010237641 QH541.5.P7 E27 2010 Open Access Book Book
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30000010153206 QH541.5.P7 E27 2010 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Fascinating and diverse, savanna ecosystems support a combination of pastoral and agropastoral communities alongside wild and domestic herbivores that can be found nowhere else. This diversity has made the study of these areas problematic. Ecosystem Function in Savannas: Measurement and Modeling at Landscape to Global Scales addresses some of the discontinuities in the treatment of savannas by the scientific community and documents a range of measurements, methods, technologies, applications, and modeling approaches.

Based on contributions from leading authorities and experts on savanna systems worldwide, the book describes the global savanna biome in terms of its broad ecological properties, temporal dynamics, disturbance levels, and human dimensions. The text examines carbon, water, energy, and trace gas fluxes for major global savanna regions. It looks at quantitative surface properties of savannas that can be retrieved using remote sensing and numerical approaches used to explore savanna dynamics. The authors also discuss how savanna modeling and measurement approaches might be unified.

By presenting this confluence of information in a single resource, the book provides a platform for examining synergies, connections, integrative opportunities, and complementarities among approaches and data sources. This information can then be used to harmonize measurement and modeling methods among scales and across disciplinary boundaries. The book builds a bridge across the markedly different perspectives on savannas by which ecologists, biogeochemists, remote sensors, geographers, anthropologists, and modelers approach their science.


Author Notes

Michael J. Hill received his PhD from the University of Sydney, Australia, in 1985. He spent 12 years in the CSIRO Division of Animal Production and then 6 years in the Bureau of Rural Sciences in the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry of the Australian Government, where he carried out research in and contributed to the management of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Accounting. In 2006, he became a professor of earth systems science in the Department of Earth Systems Science and Policy at the University of North Dakota. He has a background in grassland agronomy, but he has been working with spatial information and remote sensing of land systems for the past 17 years.

Dr. Hill has published widely on agronomy, ecology, biogeography, and production of grasslands, and radar, multispectral, and hyperspectral remote sensing of grasslands, and more recently he has been involved in the development of scenario analysis models for assessment of carbon dynamics in Australian rangeland and savanna systems. His current interests are in the use of MODIS land product data in model-data assimilation, application of quantitative information from hyperspectral and multiangle imaging to vegetation description, multicriteria and decision frameworks for coupled human-environment systems, and methods and approaches to application of spatial data for land use management.

Niall P. Hanan received his PhD from the University of London in 1990. Since 1998, he has been a research scientist in the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. His research interests include savanna ecology function and dynamics; biosphere-atmosphere interactions and global change; ecophysiology of carbon, water, and energy exchange between plants and atmosphere; and radiative and aerodynamic transfer in vegetation canopies.

Dr. Hanan's current research centers on the ecology of semiarid grassland and savanna systems in Africa and North America. Ongoing projects include research into the ecological determinants and dynamics of tree-grass interactions and coexistence in African savannas; the measurement of biosphere-atmosphere exchange of water and carbon and the implications for competitive interactions and productivity in savannas; impact of land use change in semiarid systems on long-term carbon and water dynamics; and the greenhouse gas implications of cattle and intensive cattle production systems. In 2007, he spent a year as a U.S. Department of State Fulbright Scholar at the University of Bamako and the Institut Polytechnique Rural in Mali.


Table of Contents

Michael J. Hill and Miguel O. Román and Crystal B. SchaafNiall P. Hanan and Caroline E. R. LehmannLindsay B. Hutley and Jason BeringerNiall P. Hanan and Nicolas Boulain and Christopher A. Williams and Robert J. Scholes and Sally ArchibaldGeorge Louis Vourlitis and Humberto Ribeiro da RochaMarcy E. Litvak and Susan Schwinning and James L. HeilmanDennis Baldocchi and Qi Chen and Xingyuan Chen and Siyan Ma and Gretchen Miller and Youngryel Ryu and Jingfeng Xiao and Rebecca Wenk and John BattlesRichard M. Lucas and Alex C. Lee and John Armston and Joao M. B. Carreiras and Karin M. Viergever and Peter Bunting and Daniel Clewley and Mahta Moghaddam and Paul Siqueira and Iain WoodhouseTim Danaher and Peter Scarth and John Armston and Lisa Collett and Joanna Kitchen and Sam GillinghamGregory P. Asner and Shaun R. Levick and Izak P. J. SmitGabriela Bucini and Niall P. Hanan and Randall B. Boone and Izak P. J. Smit and Sassan S. Saatchi and Michael A. Lefsky and Gregory P. AsnerDavid P. Roy and Luigi Boschetti and Louis GiglioFrank van Langevelede and Kyle Tomlinson and Eduardo R. M. Barbosa and Steven de Bie and Herbert H. T. Prins and Steven I. HigginsKatrin M. Meyer and Kerstin Wiegand and David WardAdam Liedloff and Garry D. CookFlorian Jeltsch and Britta Tietjen and Niels Blaum and Eva RossmanithChristopher A. WilliamsDamian J. BarrettMercedes M. C. Bustamante and L. G. FerreiraAndrés Etter and Armando Sarmiento and Milton H. RomeroJohn O. Carter and Dorine Bruget and Beverley Henry and Robert Hassett and Grant Stone and Ken Day and Neil Flood and Greg McKeonChristopher PotterWilliam J. Parton and Robert J. Scholes and Ken Day and John O. Carter and Robin KellyAlmut Arneth and Veiko Lehsten and Kirsten Thonicke and Allan SpessaKathleen A. Galvin and Robin S. ReidMatthew D. TurnerMichael J. Hill and Niall P. Hanan
List of Figuresp. ix
Acknowledgmentsp. xxi
Introductionp. xxiii
Editorsp. xxvii
Lead Authorsp. xxix
Contributorsp. xxxiii
Reviewersp. xxxix
Section I Savannas: Biogeographical and Ecological Perspectives
1 Biogeography and Dynamics of Global Tropical and Subtropical Savannas: A Spatiotemporal Viewp. 3
2 Tree-Grass Interactions in Savannas: Paradigms, Contradictions, and Conceptual Modelsp. 39
Section II Carbon, Water and Trace Gas Fluxes in Global Savannas
3 Disturbance and Climatic Drivers of Carbon Dynamics of a North Australian Tropical Savannap. 57
4 Functional Convergence in Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in Adjacent Savanna Vegetation Types of the Kruger National Park, South Africap. 77
5 Flux Dynamics in the Cerrado and Cerrado-Forest Transition of Brazilp. 97
6 Woody Plant Rooting Depth and Ecosystem Function of Savannas: A Case Study from the Edwards Plateau Karst, Texasp. 117
7 The Dynamics of Energy, Water, and Carbon Fluxes in a Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii) Savanna in Californiap. 135
Section III Remote Sensing of Biophysical and Biochemical Characteristics in Savannas
8 Quantifying Carbon in Savannas: The Role of Active Sensors in Measurements of Tree Structure and Biomassp. 155
9 Remote Sensing of Tree-Grass Systems: The Eastern Australian Woodlandsp. 175
10 Remote Sensing of Fractional Cover and Biochemistry in Savannasp. 195
11 Woody Fractional Cover in Kruger National Park, South Africa: Remote Sensing-Based Maps and Ecological Insightsp. 219
12 Remote Sensing of Global Savanna Fire Occurrence, Extent, and Propertiesp. 239
Section IV Perspectives on Patch- to Landscape-Scale Savanna Processes and Modeling
13 Understanding Tree-Grass Coexistence and Impacts of Disturbance and Resource Variability in Savannasp. 257
14 Spatially Explicit Modeling of Savanna Processesp. 273
15 Interaction of Fire and Rainfall Variability on Tree Structure and Carbon Fluxes in Savannas: Application of the Flames Modelp. 293
16 Population and Ecosystem Modeling of Land Use and Climate Change Impacts on Arid and Semiarid Savanna Dynamicsp. 309
Section V Regional Carbon Dynamics in Savanna Systems: Remote Sensing and Modeling Applications
17 Integration of Remote Sensing and Modeling to Understand Carbon Fluxes and Climate Interactions in Africap. 327
18 Timescales and Dynamics of Carbon in Australia's Savannasp. 347
19 Land Use Change and the Carbon Budget in the Brazilian Cerradop. 367
20 Land Use Changes (1970-2020) and Carbon Emissions in the Colombian Llanosp. 383
21 Modeling Vegetation, Carbon, and Nutrient Dynamics in the Savanna Woodlands of Australia with the AussieGRASS Modelp. 403
Section VI Continental and Global Scale Modeling of Savannas
22 Carbon Cycles and Vegetation Dynamics of Savannas Based on Global Satellite Productsp. 425
23 CENTURY-SAVANNA Model for Tree-Grass Ecosystemsp. 443
24 Climate-Fire Interactions and Savanna Ecosystems: A Dynamic Vegetation Modeling Study for the African Continentp. 463
Section VII Understanding Savannas as Coupled Human-Natural Systems
25 People in Savanna Ecosystems: Land Use, Change, and Sustainabilityp. 481
26 Social and Environmental Changes in Global Savannas: Linking Social Variables to Biophysical Dynamicsp. 497
Section VIII Synthesis
27 Current Approaches to Measurement, Remote Sensing, and Modeling in Savannas: A Synthesisp. 515
Indexp. 547