Wood-polymer composites

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010170011	TS932 W66 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ KL	30000010222361	TS932 W66 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ KL	30000010229912	TS932 W66 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials.

Author Notes

Professor Kristiina Oksman Niska works in the Division of Manufacturing and Design of Wood and Bionanocomposites, Lule#65533; University of Technology, Sweden.

Professor Mohini Sain works in the Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Canada. Both are internationally-known for their research on wood-polymer composites.

K Oksman Niska and M SainC ClemonsD V SatovK Oksman Niska and A R SanadiD SchwendemannM Sain and M PervaizR C Neagu and E K GamstedtN M Stark and D J GardnerN E Marcovich and M I ArangurenK Englund and M WolcottF W MaineG Guo and G M Rizvi and C B ParkR J TichyT Thamae and C BaillieM Carus and C Gahle and H KorteA A Klyosov

Contributor contact details	p. xi
Introduction	p. XV
1 Raw materials for wood-polymer composites	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Polymers: structure and properties	p. 2
1.3 Wood: structure and properties	p. 10
1.4 Sources of further information and advice	p. 20
1.5 References and further reading	p. 20
2 Additives for wood-polymer composites	p. 23
2.1 Introduction	p. 23
2.2 Lubricants and rheology control additives for thermoplastic composites	p. 26
2.3 Coupling agents	p. 29
2.4 Stabilizers	p. 31
2.5 Fillers	p. 33
2.6 Density reduction additives	p. 36
2.7 Biocides	p. 36
2.8 Product aesthetics additives	p. 37
2.9 Flame retardants and smoke suppressants	p. 38
2.10 Future trends	p. 40
2.11 Conclusion	p. 40
3 Interactions between wood and synthetic polymers	p. 41
3.1 Introduction	p. 41
3.2 The interface and interphase in composites	p. 42
3.3 Wetting, adhesion and dispersion	p. 43
3.4 Techniques to evaluate interfacial interactions and adhesion	p. 48
3.5 Improving interface interactions in wood-polymer composites	p. 60
3.6 Interphase effects on other properties	p. 66
3.7 Conclusions	p. 68
3.8 References and further reading	p. 69
4 Manufacturing technologies for wood-polymer composites	p. 72
4.1 Introduction	p. 72
4.2 Raw material handling	p. 72
4.3 Compounding technologies	p. 79
4.4 Pelletising systems	p. 90
4.5 Profile extrusion	p. 95
4.6 Injection moulding	p. 95
4.7 Sheet extrusion	p. 98
4.8 Future trends	p. 100
4.9 References	p. 100
5 Mechanical properties of wood-polymer composites	p. 101
5.1 Introduction	p. 101
5.2 Mechanical performance of wood-polymer composites	p. 101
5.3 General mechanical properties of wood-polymer composites and test methods	p. 104
5.4 Critical parameters affecting mechanical properties of wood-polymer composites	p. 109
5.5 Conclusions	p. 116
5.6 References	p. 116
6 Micromechanical modelling of wood-polymer composites	p. 118
6.1 Introduction	p. 118
6.2 Elastic properties	p. 119
6.3 Hygroexpansion	p. 131
6.4 Strength	p. 134
6.5 Conclusions	p. 138
6.6 References	p. 138
7 Outdoor durability of wood-polymer composites	p. 142
7.1 Introduction	p. 142
7.2 Characteristics of raw materials	p. 142
7.3 Changes in composite properties with exposure	p. 145
7.4 Methods for protection	p. 155
7.5 Future trends	p. 161
7.6 Sources of further information and advice	p. 162
7.7 References and further reading	p. 162
8 Creep behavior and damage of wood-polymer composites	p. 166
8.1 Introduction	p. 166
8.2 Viscoelasticity and creep	p. 167
8.3 Creep in wood-plastic composites	p. 176
8.4 Creep failure and material damage	p. 183
8.5 Conclusions and future trends	p. 185
8.6 References	p. 186
9 Processing performance of extruded wood-polymer composites	p. 190
9.1 Introduction	p. 190
9.2 Current extrusion processing methods for natural fiber-thermoplastic composites	p. 191
9.3 Rheology of a wood fiber-filled thermoplastic	p. 193
9.4 Commercial wood-polymer composites	p. 197
9.5 References	p. 207
10 Oriented wood-polymer composites and related materials	p. 208
10.1 Introduction	p. 208
10.2 Orientation of polymers	p. 208
10.3 Applications	p. 212
10.4 Current developments	p. 219
10.5 Future trends	p. 225
10.6 References	p. 225
11 Wood-polymer composite foams	p. 227
11.1 Introduction	p. 227
11.2 Structure and characterization of wood-polymer composite foams	p. 229
11.3 Critical issues in production of wood-polymer composite foams	p. 231
11.4 Fundamental mechanisms in blowing agent-based foaming of wood-polymer composites	p. 235
11.5 Foaming of wood-polymer composites with chemical blowing agents	p. 239
11.6 Foaming of wood-polymer composites with physical blowing agents	p. 244
11.7 Foaming of wood-polymer composites with heat expandable microspheres	p. 249
11.8 Void formation in wood-polymer composites using stretching technology	p. 250
11.9 Effects of additives on wood-polymer composite foams	p. 250
11.10 Summary and future trends	p. 252
11.11 References	p. 253
12 Performance measurement and construction applications of wood-polymer composites	p. 257
12.1 Introduction	p. 257
12.2 Performance measures and building codes	p. 259
12.3 Wood-polymer composite properties	p. 260
12.4 Building construction applications	p. 265
12.5 Conclusions	p. 270
12.6 References	p. 271
13 Life-cycle assessment (LCA) of wood-polymer composites: a case study	p. 273
13.1 Introduction: comparing wood-polymer and glass-fiber reinforced polypropylene car door panels	p. 273
13.2 The life-cycle assessment process	p. 274
13.3 Goal and scope definition	p. 276
13.4 Inventory	p. 282
13.5 Impact assessment	p. 285
13.6 Interpretation	p. 291
13.7 The possible effect of European Union legislation on end-of-life vehicles	p. 295
13.8 Conclusions	p. 296
13.9 Acknowledgements	p. 297
13.10 References	p. 297
14 Market and future trends for wood-polymer composites in Europe: the example of Germany	p. 300
14.1 Introduction	p. 300
14.2 The development of the European market: the example of Germany	p. 301
14.3 The most significant wood-polymer composite products in the European market	p. 304
14.4 Future trends: markets	p. 309
14.5 Future trends: processing and materials	p. 311
14.6 Conclusions	p. 316
14.7 Wood-polymer composite codes, standards, research and manufacturing in Europe	p. 317
14.8 The nova-Institut and Innovationsberatung Holz und Fasern	p. 322
14.9 Examples of wood-polymer composite products	p. 325
14.10 References	p. 329
15 Improving wood-polymer composite products: a case study	p. 331
15.1 Introduction: wood-polymer composite decking	p. 331
15.2 Brands and manufacturers	p. 332
15.3 Improving the performance of wood-polymer composite decking	p. 333
15.4 Conclusions	p. 352
15.5 References	p. 353
Index	p. 354

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents