Cell-based biosensors : principles and applications

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Searching... PSZ JB	30000010234017	R857 .B54 C45 2009	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
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In the 21st century, we are witnessing the integration of two dynamic disciplines ndash; electronics and biology. As a result bioelectronics and biosensors have become of particular interest to engineers and researchers working in related biomedical areas. Written by recognized experts the field, this leading-edge resource is the first book to systematically introduce the concept, technology, and development of cell-based biosensors. Readers find details on the latest cell-based biosensor models and novel micro-structure biosensor techniques. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this unique volume presents the latest innovative applications of cell-based biosensors in a variety of biomedical fields. The book also explores future trends of cell-based biosensors, including integrated chips, nanotechnology and microfluidics. Over 140 illustrations help clarify key topics throughout the book.

Author Notes

Ping Wang is a professor in the Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering at Zhejiang University, China. He is the deputy director of the Biosensor National Special Laboratory and the vice-director of the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering of the National Education Ministry of China. He holds a B.S., an M.S. and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. He is also a visiting scholar at the Edison Sensors Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University and at the Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation Laboratory at the University of Arkansas.
Qingjun Liu is an associate professor in the Biosensor National Special Laboratory at Zhejiang University, China, and a guest researcher in the State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai, China. He holds a B.S, and an M.S. in medicine from Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, respectively. He holds a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from Zhejiang University. China. He is also a visiting scholar in the Department of Health Technology and Informatics at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Foreword	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Definition of Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 1
1.2 Characteristics of Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 3
1.3 Types of Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 4
1.4 Summary	p. 10
References	p. 11
Chapter 2 Cell Culture on Chips	p. 13
2.1 Introduction	p. 13
2.2 Cell Immobilization Factors	p. 14
2.2.1 Physical Factors	p. 14
2.2.2 Chemical Factors	p. 15
2.2.3 Biological Factors	p. 15
2.3 Basic Surface Modification Rules	p. 16
2.3.1 Hydrophilicity Improving	p. 17
2.3.2 Roughness Changing	p. 18
2.3.3 Chemical Coating	p. 18
2.4 Typical Methods	p. 20
2.4.1 Special Physical Structure	p. 22
2.4.2 Microcontact Printing	p. 24
2.4.3 Fast Ink-Jet Printing	p. 26
2.4.4 Perforated Microelectrode	p. 27
2.4.5 Self-Assembled Monolayer	p. 29
2.4.6 Microfluidic Technology	p. 30
2.5 Summary	p. 33
References	p. 33
Chapter 3 Mechanisms of Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 37
3.1 Introduction	p. 37
3.2 Metabolic Measurements	p. 38
3.2.1 Cell Metabolism	p. 38
3.2.2 Extracellular pH Monitoring	p. 40
3.2.3 Other Extracellular Metabolite Sensing	p. 43
3.2.4 Secondary Transducers	p. 44
3.3 Action Potential Measurements	p. 44
3.3.1 Action Potential	p. 45
3.3.2 The Solid-Electrolyte Interface	p. 47
3.3.3 Cell-Electrode Interface Model	p. 52
3.3.4 Cell-Silicon Interface Model	p. 54
3.3.5 Secondary Transducers	p. 55
3.4 Impedance Measurements	p. 56
3.4.1 Membrane Impedance	p. 56
3.4.2 Impedance Model of Single Cells	p. 57
3.4.3 Impedance Model of Populations of Cells	p. 59
3.4.4 Secondary Transducers	p. 61
3.5 Noise Sources	p. 62
3.5.1 Electrode Noise	p. 62
3.5.2 Electromagnetic Interference	p. 63
3.5.3 Biological Noise	p. 63
3.6 Summary	p. 64
References	p. 64
Chapter 4 Microelectrode Arrays (MEA) as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 65
4.1 Introduction	p. 65
4.2 Principle	p. 68
4.3 Fabrication and Design of MEA System	p. 69
4.3.1 Fabrication	p. 69
4.3.2 Different MEA Chips	p. 74
4.3.3 Measurement Setup	p. 77
4.4 Theoretical Analysis of Signal Process in MEA Systems	p. 79
4.4.1 Equivalent Circuit Model of Signal Process	p. 79
4.4.2 Impedance Properties Analysis of MEA	p. 80
4.4.3 Analysis of Extracellular Signal	p. 82
4.5 Application of MEA	p. 84
4.5.1 Dissociated Neural Network on MEA	p. 84
4.5.2 Slice on MEA	p. 86
4.5.3 Retina on MEA	p. 88
4.5.4 Pharmacological Application	p. 89
4.6 Development Trends	p. 92
4.6.1 Lab on a Chip	p. 92
4.6.2 Portable MEA System	p. 92
4.6.3 Other Developmental Trends	p. 92
4.7 Summary	p. 93
References	p. 93
Chapter 5 Field Effect Transistor (FET) as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 97
5.1 Introduction	p. 97
5.2 Principle	p. 98
5.3 Device and System	p. 100
5.3.1 Fabrication of FET-Based Biosensor	p. 100
5.3.2 FET Sensor System	p. 102
5.4 Theoretical Analysis	p. 103
5.4.1 Area-Contact Model	p. 104
5.4.2 Point-Contact Model	p. 105
5.5 Application	p. 106
5.5.1 Electrophysiological Recording of Neuronal Activity	p. 106
5.5.2 Two-Way Communication Between Silicon Chip and Neuron	p. 108
5.5.3 Neuronal Network Study	p. 109
5.5.4 Cell Microenvironment Monitoring	p. 112
5.6 Development Trends	p. 114
5.7 Summary	p. 115
References	p. 116
Chapter 6 Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor (LAPS) as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 119
6.1 Introduction	p. 119
6.2 Principle	p. 121
6.2.1 Fundamental	p. 121
6.2.2 Numerical Analysis	p. 122
6.3 Device and System	p. 124
6.3.1 Device	p. 124
6.3.2 Microphysiometer System	p. 126
6.3.3 Detecting System of Cell-Semiconductor Hybrid LAPS	p. 129
6.4 Application	p. 132
6.4.1 Signaling Mechanism Study	p. 133
6.4.2 Functional Characterization of Ligand/Receptor Binding	p. 134
6.4.3 Identification of Ligand/Receptor	p. 136
6.4.4 Drug Analysis	p. 137
6.5 Developing Trend	p. 143
6.5.1 LAPS Array System for Parallel Detecting	p. 144
6.5.2 Multifunctional LAPS System	p. 145
6.6 Summary	p. 146
References	p. 146
Chapter 7 Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensor (ECIS) as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 151
7.1 Introduction	p. 151
7.2 Principle	p. 152
7.2.1 Electrochemical Impedance	p. 152
7.2.2 Cell-Substrate Impedance	p. 154
7.2.3 AC Frequency and Sensitivity Characteristics of Interdigitated Electrodes	p. 156
7.3 Device and System	p. 160
7.3.1 Device Fabrication	p. 160
7.3.2 Bioimpedance Measurement System	p. 161
7.4 Theoretical Analysis	p. 164
7.4.1 Lumped Model	p. 164
7.4.2 Analytical Model	p. 165
7.4.3 Data Calculation and Presentation	p. 165
7.5 Applications	p. 167
7.5.1 Monitoring of Cell Adhesion, Spreading, Morphology, and Proliferation	p. 167
7.5.2 Monitoring of Cell Migration and Invasion	p. 169
7.5.3 Monitoring of Cellular Ligand-Receptor Interactions	p. 170
7.5.4 Cytotoxicity Assays	p. 172
7.6 Development Trends	p. 173
7.6.1 High-Throughput Screening	p. 173
7.6.2 Integrated Chip	p. 175
7.7 Summary	p. 175
References	p. 176
Chapter 8 Patch Clamp Chip as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 179
8.1 Introduction	p. 179
8.2 Theory	p. 179
8.2.1 Conventional Patch Clamp	p. 179
8.2.2 Patch Clamp Chip	p. 181
8.3 Sensor Device and System	p. 182
8.3.1 Patch Clamp Chip Device	p. 182
8.3.2 Patch Clamp Chip System	p. 188
8.3.3 Cells Preparation	p. 193
8.4 Biomedical Application	p. 194
8.4.1 Ionic Channels Research	p. 194
8.4.2 Drug Discovery	p. 199
8.4.3 Drug Safety	p. 200
8.5 Development Trends	p. 202
8.6 Summary	p. 203
References	p. 203
Chapter 9 Other Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 207
9.1 Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 207
9.1.1 Introduction	p. 207
9.1.2 Principle of QCM	p. 208
9.1.3 QCM Sensors and Measurement System	p. 210
9.1.4 Biomedical Application	p. 211
9.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) as Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 217
9.2.1 Introduction	p. 217
9.2.2 The Principle of SPR	p. 219
9.2.3 SPR Sensors and Measurement System	p. 220
9.2.4 Biomedical Application	p. 221
9.3 Immune Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 225
9.3.1 Introduction	p. 225
9.3.2 Mast Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 226
9.3.3 Dendritic Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 227
9.3.4 B Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 229
9.4 Summary	p. 229
References	p. 230
Chapter 10 Developments of Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 233
10.1 Introduction	p. 233
10.2 Cell-Based Biosensors with Integrated Chips	p. 233
10.2.1 Integration Chip of the Same or Similar Functional Sensors	p. 234
10.2.2 Multisensors Involve Sensing Elements with Different Functions	p. 235
10.2.3 Multifunctional Chip Monitoring Different Parameters	p. 236
10.3 Cell-Based Biosensors Using Nanotechnology	p. 237
10.3.1 Nano-Micropatterned Cell Cultures	p. 238
10.3.2 Nanoporous-Based Biosensor	p. 239
10.3.3 Nanoprobes to Intracellular Nanosensors	p. 240
10.4 Cell-Based Biosensors with Microfluidic Chips	p. 241
10.4.1 Microfluidic Flow	p. 242
10.4.2 Soft Lithography	p. 243
10.4.3 Pielectrophoresis	p. 245
10.5 Biomimetic Olfactory and Gustatory Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 246
10.5.1 Bioelectronic Nose and Bioelectronic Tongue	p. 247
10.5.2 Olfactory and Gustatory Biosensors with Special Receptors	p. 247
10.5.3 Olfactory and Gustatory Cell-Based Biosensors	p. 248
References	p. 250
Glossary	p. 255
About the Editors	p. 261
List of Contributors	p. 262
Index	p. 263

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