Introduction to Grid Computing

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Title:

Personal Author:

Magoules, Frederic, author

Series:

Chapman & Hall/CRC Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing

Physical Description:

xxiii, 310 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

ISBN:

9780367385828

Abstract:

Poised to follow in the footsteps of the Internet, grid computing is on the verge of becoming more robust and accessible to the public in the near future. Focusing on this novel, yet already powerful, technology, Introduction to Grid Computing explores state-of-the-art grid projects, core grid technologies, and applications of the grid.

Subject Term:

Computational grids (Computer systems)

Added Author:

Jie, Pan,

Tan, Kiat-An,

Abhinit Kumar,

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ KL	33000000006749	QA76.9.C58 M34 2019	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

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Summary

A Thorough Overview of the Next Generation in Computing

After comparing the grid with other distributed systems, the book covers two important aspects of a grid system: scheduling of jobs and resource discovery and monitoring in grid. It then discusses existing and emerging security technologies, such as WS-Security and OGSA security, as well as the functions of grid middleware at a conceptual level. The authors also describe famous grid projects, demonstrate the pricing of European options through the use of the Monte Carlo method on grids, and highlight different parallelization possibilities on the grid.

Taking a tutorial approach, this concise book provides a complete introduction to the components of the grid architecture and applications of grid computing. It expertly shows how grid computing can be used in various areas, from computational mechanics to risk management in financial institutions.

Author Notes

Magoules, Frederic; Pan, Jie; Tan, Kiat-An; Kumar, Abhinit

1 Definition of Grid Computing	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Grid versus Other Distributed Systems	p. 2
1.3 Motivations for Using a Grid	p. 3
1.3.1 Enabling Formation of Virtual Organizations	p. 3
1.3.2 Fault Tolerance and Reliability	p. 3
1.3.3 Balancing and Sharing Varied Resources	p. 4
1.3.4 Parallel Processing	p. 4
1.3.5 Quality of Service (QoS)	p. 4
1.4 Grid Architecture: Basic Concepts	p. 5
1.4.1 Security	p. 6
1.4.2 Resource Management	p. 6
1.4.3 Data Management	p. 6
1.4.4 Information Discovery and Monitoring	p. 7
1.5 Some Standards for Grid	p. 7
1.5.1 Web Services	p. 7
1.5.2 Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)	p. 8
1.5.3 Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI)	p. 9
1.5.4 Web Services Resource Framework (WSRF)	p. 9
1.5.5 OGSA-DAI	p. 9
1.6 Quick Overview of Grid Projects	p. 10
1.6.1 American Projects	p. 10
1.6.2 European Projects	p. 11
1.6.3 Asian Projects	p. 13
References	p. 15
2 Data Management	p. 17
2.1 Introduction	p. 17
2.2 Data Management Requirements	p. 18
2.2.1 Static Data and Dynamic Data	p. 18
2.2.2 Data Management Addressing Problems	p. 19
2.3 Functionalities of Data Management	p. 19
2.3.1 Data Replication Management	p. 19
2.3.2 Metadata Management	p. 20
2.3.3 Publication and Discovery	p. 21
2.3.4 Data Transport	p. 21
2.3.5 Data Translation and Transformation	p. 22
2.3.6 Transaction Processing	p. 22
2.3.7 Data Synchronization	p. 22
2.3.8 Authentication, Access Control, and Accounting	p. 24
2.3.9 Data Access and Storage Management	p. 24
2.3.10 Data Integration	p. 25
2.4 Metadata Service in Grids	p. 25
2.4.1 Metadata Types	p. 26
2.4.2 Metadata Service	p. 28
2.5 Replication	p. 28
2.6 Effective Data Transfer	p. 31
References	p. 33
3 Grid Scheduling and Information Services	p. 35
3.1 Introduction	p. 35
3.2 Job Mapping and Scheduling	p. 36
3.2.1 Mapping Heuristics	p. 37
3.2.2 Scheduling Algorithms and Strategies	p. 41
3.2.3 Data-Intensive Service Scheduling	p. 44
3.3 Service Monitoring and Discovery	p. 47
3.3.1 Grid Information System	p. 48
3.3.2 Aggregate Directory	p. 51
3.3.3 Grid Information Service Data Model	p. 52
3.3.4 Grid Service Discovery	p. 55
3.4 Grid Workflow	p. 56
3.4.1 Grid Workflow Management System (GWFMS)	p. 57
3.4.2 Workflow Specification Languages	p. 62
3.4.3 Workflow Scheduling Algorithms	p. 69
3.5 Fault Tolerance in Grids	p. 72
3.5.1 Fault Tolerance Techniques	p. 73
3.5.2 A Framework for Fault Tolerance in Grids	p. 78
References	p. 81
4 Security in Grid Computing	p. 87
4.1 Introduction	p. 87
4.1.1 Authentication	p. 87
4.1.2 Authorization	p. 88
4.1.3 Confidentiality	p. 88
4.2 Trust and Security in a Grid Environment	p. 89
4.2.1 Existing Security Technologies	p. 90
4.2.2 Emerging Security Technologies	p. 104
4.3 Getting Started with GSI	p. 111
4.3.1 Getting a Certificate	p. 112
4.3.2 Managing Credentials	p. 113
4.3.3 Proxy Certificates	p. 115
References	p. 118
5 Grid Middleware	p. 123
5.1 Overview of Grid Middleware	p. 123
5.2 Services in Grid Middleware	p. 125
5.2.1 Elementary Services	p. 125
5.2.2 Advanced Services	p. 126
5.3 Grid Middleware	p. 127
5.3.1 Basic Functional Grid Middleware	p. 127
5.3.2 High-Throughput Computing Middleware	p. 132
5.3.3 GridRPC-Based Grid Middleware	p. 137
5.3.4 Peer-to-Peer Grid Middleware	p. 142
5.3.5 Grid Portals	p. 143
References	p. 147
6 Architectural Overview of Grid Projects	p. 151
6.1 Introduction of Grid Projects	p. 151
6.2 Security in Grid Projects	p. 151
6.2.1 Security in Virtual Organizations	p. 152
6.2.2 Realization of Security Mechanisms in Grid Projects	p. 153
6.3 Data Management in Grid Projects	p. 155
6.4 Information Services in Grid Projects	p. 164
6.5 Job Scheduling in Grid Projects	p. 169
6.6 Grid Applications	p. 173
6.6.1 Physical Sciences Applications	p. 175
6.6.2 Astronomy-Based Applications	p. 175
6.6.3 Biomedical Applications	p. 175
6.6.4 Earth Observation and Climatology	p. 175
6.6.5 Other Applications	p. 176
References	p. 178
7 Monte Carlo Method	p. 181
7.1 Introduction	p. 181
7.2 Fundamentals of the Monte Carlo Method	p. 181
7.3 Deploying the Monte Carlo Method on Computational Grids	p. 182
7.3.1 Random Number Generator	p. 182
7.3.2 Sequential Random Number Generator	p. 183
7.3.3 Parallel Random Number Generator	p. 183
7.3.4 Parallel Computation of Trajectories	p. 184
7.4 Application to Options Pricing in Computational Finance	p. 185
7.4.1 Motivation of the Monte Carlo Method	p. 185
7.4.2 Financial Engineering Based on the Monte Carlo Method	p. 188
7.4.3 Gridifying the Monte Carlo Method	p. 190
7.5 Application to Nuclear Reactors in Computational Mechanics	p. 201
7.5.1 Nuclear Reactor-Related Criticality Calculations	p. 201
7.5.2 Monte Carlo Methods for Nuclear Reactors	p. 202
7.5.3 Monte Carlo Methods for Grid Computing	p. 202
References	p. 204
8 Partial Differential Equations	p. 207
8.1 Introduction	p. 207
8.2 Deploying PDEs on Computational Grids	p. 207
8.2.1 Data Parallelization	p. 207
8.2.2 Time Parallelization	p. 209
8.2.3 Spatial Parallelization	p. 210
8.3 Application to Options Pricing in Computational Finance	p. 214
8.3.1 Black and Scholes Equation	p. 215
8.3.2 Discrete Problem	p. 217
8.3.3 Parallel Solution of Black and Scholes Equation	p. 217
References	p. 222
A Globus	p. 225
A.1 Overview of Globus Toolkit 4	p. 225
A.2 Installation of Globus	p. 226
A.3 GT4 Configuration	p. 227
A.4 Main Components and Programming Model	p. 229
A.4.1 Security (GSI)	p. 229
A.4.2 Data Management (RFT)	p. 231
A.4.3 Job Submission (GRAM)	p. 232
A.4.4 Information Discovery (MDS)	p. 233
A.5 Using Globus	p. 234
A.5.1 Definition of Job	p. 234
A.5.2 Staging Files	p. 234
A.5.3 Job Submission	p. 235
A.5.4 Job Monitoring	p. 238
References	p. 239
B gLite	p. 241
B.1 Introduction	p. 241
B.2 Internal Workings of gLite	p. 242
B.2.1 Information Service	p. 242
B.2.2 Workload Management System	p. 245
B.2.3 Job Description Language (JDL)	p. 247
B.2.4 Computing Element	p. 249
B.2.5 Data Management	p. 250
B.3 Logging and Book-Keeping (LB)	p. 252
B.4 Security Mechanism	p. 254
B.5 Using gLite	p. 255
B.5.1 Initialization	p. 255
B.5.2 Job Paths: From Submission to Collection	p. 256
B.5.3 Job Submission	p. 257
B.5.4 Retrieving Job Status	p. 258
B.5.5 Canceling a Job	p. 259
B.5.6 Collecting Results of a Job	p. 260
References	p. 261
C Advanced Installation of gLite	p. 263
C.1 Installation Overview	p. 263
C.1.1 Deployment of gLite	p. 263
C.l.2 gLite Packages Download and Configuration	p. 264
C.2 Internal Workings of gLite	p. 265
C.2.1 Information and Monitoring System	p. 265
C.2.2 Workload Manager	p. 272
C.2.3 Computing Element	p. 274
C.2.4 Data Management	p. 278
C.3 Logging and Book-Keeping Server	p. 280
C.4 Security Mechanism	p. 282
C.5 I/O	p. 283
C.5.1 gLite I/O Server	p. 283
C.5.2 gLite I/O Client	p. 285
C.5.3 User Interface	p. 286
C.6 VOMS Server and Administration Tools	p. 288
References	p. 290
Glossary	p. 291
Index	p. 307

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Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents