Mechanical Vibrations : Applications to Equipment

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Title:

Personal Author:

Mori, Yvon, author

Series:

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SOLID MECHANICS SERIES

Physical Description:

x, 411 pages : illustrations ; 24cm.

ISBN:

9781786300515

Subject Term:

Vibration

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... MJIIT Library	33000000002563	TA355 M675 2017	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

The purpose of this book is to clarify the issues related to the environment of mechanical vibrations in the material life profile. In particular, through their simulation testing laboratory, through a better understanding of the physical phenomenon, means to implement to simulate, measurements and interpretations associated results. It is aimed at development of technical consultants, quality and services primarily to those testing laboratories, as well as to all those who are faced with supply reference to the environmental test calls and particularly here, vibration tests. Furthermore it should also interest students of engineering schools in the areas of competence of their future professions affected by vibration.

Author Notes

Yvon Mori was a CNAM engineer responsible for a test laboratory and environmental assessments at Thales Underwater Systems. Today, he trains engineers for large corporations in mechanical vibrations and shocks, as well as in electromagnetic compatibility.

Preface	p. ix
Chapter 1 Vibration Theory	p. 1
1.1 Problem	p. 1
1.1.1 Justification of tests in a mechanical environment	p. 1
1.1.2 Quality of environmental tests	p. 2
1.1.3 Generating sets of vibrations	p. 2
1.1.4 "Shock and vibration" terminology	p. 3
1.1.5 Testing methods	p. 3
1.1.6 Uncertainty in measurement	p. 3
1.1.7 Interlaboratory comparison and proficiency testing	p. 4
1.1.8 Metrology management	p. 4
1.2 Different types of mechanical signals	p. 4
1.2.1 Overview	p. 4
1.2.2 Mathematical prerequisites	p. 5
1.2.3 Types of mechanical signals	p. 13
1.2.4 The different types of mechanical signals - a practical approach	p. 17
1.3 Theory of vibration - reminders	p. 19
1.3.1 Fundamental law of dynamics	p. 19
1.3.2 Concept of DOF	p. 19
1.3.3 Systems comprising 1 DOF	p. 20
1.3.4 Free oscillations of an undamped system	p. 22
1.3.5 Free oscillations from an undamped system	p. 23
1.3.6 Forced oscillations of a damped system	p. 27
1.3.7 Systems with several coupled DOF	p. 36
1.4 Concept of mechanical impedance	p. 46
1.4.1 Overview	p. 46
1.4.2 Definitions	p. 47
1.4.3 Resonance and antiresonance	p. 60
1.4.4 Problems with environmental laboratory simulation	p. 66
1.4.5 Conclusion	p. 68
1.5 Electromechanical analogies	p. 68
1.5.1 Overview	p. 68
1.5.2 Maxwell's analogy of the "force tension" type	p. 70
1.5.3 Darrieus' Analogy "force intensity'	p. 71
1.5.4 Units and electrical mechanical correspondence	p. 74
1.5.5 Establishment of electric diagrams	p. 75
1.6 Analog and logic computer simulation	p. 78
1.6.1 Overview	p. 78
1.6.2 Structure of an analog and logic calculator	p. 78
1.6.3 Resolution of various systems	p. 78
1.6.4 Sequential programming of analog computers	p. 79
1.7 Conclusion	p. 80
Chapter 2 Signal Analysis	p. 81
2.1 Overview	p. 81
2.1.1 Temporal or spectral form	p. 81
2.1.2 Correlation functions	p. 81
2.1.3 Probabilities	p. 82
2.1.4 Spectral analysis	p. 82
2.1.5 Notion of shock spectrum	p. 84
2.2 Spectral density of power	p. 85
2.2.1 Overview	p. 85
2.2.2 PSD Study	p. 87
2.3 FS-Fourier Integral	p. 103
2.3.1 Overview	p. 103
2.3.2 Considerations of use	p. 105
2.3.3 Analysis of the results	p. 105
2.3.4 Calculation example	p. 106
Chapter 3 Test Preparation	p. 109
3.1 Test demand analysis and associated test specifications	p. 109
3.1.1 Review of testing demand	p. 109
3.1.2 Test specifications analysis	p. 110
3.1.3 Commercial proposal or contract	p. 111
3.1.4 Order review	p. 111
3.2 Test initiation	p. 111
3.3 Test fixtures	p. 112
3.3.1 Overview	p. 112
3.3.2 Principles of construction	p. 114
3.3.3 Concepts of strenght of materials	p. 118
3.3.4 Manufacturing influence	p. 123
3.3.5 Conclusion	p. 124
3.4 Test execution	p. 125
3.5 Test reporting	p. 126
Chapter 4 Testing	p. 129
4.1 Sine vibration tests	p. 129
4.1.1 Fixed frequency testing	p. 129
4.1.2 Swept sine tests	p. 130
4.1.3 Conclusion	p. 146
4.2 Vibration testing in noise or random	p. 146
4.2.1 Overview	p. 146
4.2.2 Concepts on random functions	p. 148
4.2.3 Random vibrations	p. 153
4.3 Specific tests	p. 158
Chapter 5 Equipment Applications	p. 163
5.1 Vibration sources and effects	p. 163
5.1.1 Overview	p. 163
5.1.2 Vibration sources	p. 163
5.1.3 Vibration effects	p. 164
5.1.4 Notions of fatigue and damage due to vibrations	p. 164
5.2 Electronic equipment	p. 167
5.2.1 In land vehicles	p. 167
5.2.2 In ships and submarines	p. 168
5.2.3 In aircrafts, helicopters, missiles	p. 169
5.2.4 Conclusion	p. 170
5.3 Design of electronic equipment subjected to vibrations	p. 170
5.3.1 Operating mode	p. 170
5.3.2 Design techniques	p. 172
5.3.3 Printed circuit boards	p. 177
5.3.4 Components assembly	p. 183
5.3.5 Cases	p. 185
5.3.6 Wiring	p. 190
5.3.7 Conclusion	p. 191
5.4 Study of a particular case - example of analysis of an electronic bay	p. 191
Chapter 6 Controlling Generators of Vibrations and Shocks	p. 197
6.1 General principles	p. 197
6.2 Typical configuration of the equipment used	p. 199
6.3 Traceability of tests	p. 199
6.4 Control in sinusoidal mode	p. 200
6.4.1 Generalities	p. 200
6.4.2 Generating a signal	p. 201
6.4.3 Signal acquisition	p. 201
6.4.4 Measurements	p. 201
6.4.5 Corrections	p. 204
6.4.6 Safety devices on controllers	p. 205
6.4.7 Safety devices on the measuring channels	p. 205
6.4.8 Back-ups	p. 206
6.4.9 Deferred time	p. 206
6.5 Random control	p. 207
6.5.1 Signal generation	p. 207
6.5.2 Acquisition of measurements	p. 213
6.6 Shock and transient control	p. 215
6.6.1 Generation in temporal form	p. 215
6.6.2 Generation and control in the shock spectrum	p. 219
6.7 Combined vibrations control	p. 223
6.7.1 Overview	p. 223
6.7.2 Methods	p. 224
6.7.3 Current and emerging needs	p. 225
6.8 Control: a few essential rules	p. 227
Chapter 7 Metrology of Measurement and Testing Methods	p. 229
7.1 Introduction to accelerometer sensors	p. 229
7.1.1 Overview	p. 229
7.1.2 Principle of operation	p. 230
7.1.3 Main features	p. 232
7.1.4 Calibration of accelerometer sensors	p. 236
7.1.5 Accuracy of accelerometers	p. 238
7.1.6 Sensor installation rules	p. 238
7.2 Measurement amplifiers	p. 239
7.2.1 Overview	p. 239
7.2.2 Equivalent circuit	p. 239
7.2.3 Voltage amplifier	p. 240
7.2.4 Charge converters	p. 241
7.3 Validation and verification of the testing means	p. 245
7.4 Control of metrology in a testing laboratory	p. 246
Chapter 8 Testing Means for Vibrations	p. 253
8.1 Electrodynamic exciters	p. 253
8.1.1 Brief description of an electrodynamic exciter	p. 253
8.1.2 Impact opportunities and performance	p. 255
8.1.3 Producing an acceleration pulse on the movable table of a shaker	p. 256
8.1.4 Modeling an electrodynamic exciter	p. 261
8.1.5 Evaluation of the modeling parameters	p. 273
8.2 Hydraulic exciters	p. 281
8.2.1 Overview	p. 281
8.2.2 Principle of operation	p. 281
8.2.3 Hydraulic operation equations	p. 283
8.2.4 Use in impact tests	p. 293
8.2.5 Conclusion	p. 295
Conclusion	p. 297
Appendices	p. 299
Appendix A Fundamental Laws of Hydraulics - Application to the Study of Hydraulic Vibration Generators	p. 301
Appendix B Study of the Basic Model with Damping	p. 315
Appendix C Natural Frequencies of 1,6 mm Thick Cards Equipped with Stiffeners	p. 319
Appendix D Resonance Frequencies of IC Cards Depending on the Mounting Conditions	p. 323
Appendix E Concept of Cepstrum	p. 327
Appendix F Tolerances on Vibration Fixtures	p. 329
Appendix G Determining Measurement Uncertainty - Example of a Calibration Method for Accelerometer Sensors	p. 331
Appendix H Example of MPE Allowances	p. 361
Appendix I List of Testing Methods in Standard Environments	p. 367
Appendix J Control Strategies - Simplified Summary	p. 379
Appendix K Mathematical Elements Involved in the Estimation of Uncertainties (Supplementary)	p. 385
Bibliography	p. 403
Index	p. 407

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Author Notes

Table of Contents