Battery power management for portable devices

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010321681	TK7895.P68 B37 2013	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
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The introduction of Li-ion batteries in 1991 created a tremendous change in the handheld devices landscape. Devices are continuously getting more power hungry, outpacing battery development. This resource offers professionals an insightful overview and in-depth guide to the many varied areas of battery power management for portable devices.

Author Notes

Yevgen Barsukov is an IP development manager in the battery management systems group and a distinguished member of the technical staff at Texas Instruments. He earned his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Kiel Christian-Albrecht University in 1996.
Jinrong Qian is a product line manager of battery charge management and an emeritus distinguished member of the technical staff at Texas Instruments. He earned a Ph.D. from the Center for Power Electronics Systems in electrical engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1997.

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xv
1 Battery Chemistry Fundamentals and Characteristics	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Battery Fundamentals and Electrical Behavior Under DC and Transient Conditions	p. 2
1.3 General Battery Characteristics	p. 8
1.3.1 Chemical Capacity and Energy	p. 8
1.3.2 Battery Impedance	p. 9
1.3.3 Usable Capacity	p. 12
1.3.4 Power Capability and the Ragone Plot	p. 14
1.3.5 Durability, Cycle Life, and Shelf-Life	p. 15
1.3.6 Self-Discharge Properties	p. 17
1.4 Monitoring and Safety	p. 19
1.5 Overview of Different Battery Technologies	p. 22
1.5.1 Lead Acid	p. 22
1.5.2 Nickel Cadmium	p. 27
1.5.3 Nickel Metal-Hydride	p. 31
1.5.4 Lithium Ion Battery	p. 34
1.5.5 Battery Chemistries Overview	p. 43
References	p. 43
2 Battery Charger Techniques	p. 45
2.1 Lead-Acid Battery Charger	p. 45
2.2 NiCd and NiMH Battery Charger	p. 47
2.2.1 Nickel-Based Battery Charge Characteristics and Charge Profile	p. 47
2.2.2 NiMH Battery Charger Design Example	p. 49
2.3 Li-Ion and Li-Polymer Battery Charger	p. 50
2.3.1 Li-Ion and Li-Polymer Charge Characteristics and Principle	p. 50
2.3.2 Charge Temperature Qualification and JEITA Guideline	p. 53
2.3.3 Linear Battery Charger	p. 55
2.3.4 Switch-Mode Battery Charger	p. 58
2.3.5 Switch-Mode Battery Charger Design Example	p. 61
2.3.6 USB Battery Charging	p. 63
2.3.7 Port Detecting and Self-Enumerating Charger	p. 65
2.4 Battery Charger and System Interactions	p. 65
2.5 Dynamic Power Management Battery Charger	p. 67
2.5.1 System Bus Voltage-Based Dynamic Power Path Management (DPPM) Charger	p. 67
2.5.2 Input Current-Based Dynamic Power Management (DPM) Linear Charger	p. 70
2.5.3 Switch-Mode DPM Battery Charger with Power Source Selector	p. 73
2.5.4 Narrow Voltage Direct Current (NVDC) DPM Battery Charger	p. 76
2.5.5 Battery Charging System Topology Comparisons	p. 78
2.6 Battery Charger Design Examples in End Equipment	p. 78
2.6.1 Tablet Charger Design Example	p. 78
2.6.2 Notebook and Ultrabook Battery Charger Design Example	p. 80
2.7 LiFePO 4 Battery Charger	p. 85
2.8 Wireless Charging Technology	p. 87
2.9 Solar Charging System	p. 88
References	p. 91
3 Battery Safety and Protections	p. 93
3.1 Introduction	p. 93
3.2 Safety Events Triggered External to the Battery Pack	p. 97
3.2.1 Overvoltage Applied to a Battery Pack	p. 97
3.2.2 Overdischarge	p. 98
3.2.3 Overcurrent During Discharge	p. 99
3.2.4 Overcurrent During Charge	p. 101
3.3 Safety Events Triggered Inside the Battery Pack	p. 102
3.3.1 Pack Internal Short Circuit	p. 103
3.3.2 Cell Overvoltage	p. 104
3.3.3 Cell Internal Short Circuit	p. 106
3.4 Final Thoughts	p. 109
References	p. 110
4 Cell-Balancing Techniques: Theory and Implementation	p. 111
4.1 Introduction	p. 111
4.2 Types of Battery Cell Imbalance That Affect the Charge/Discharge Voltage	p. 112
4.2.1 State-of-Charge (SOC) Imbalance	p. 112
4.2.2 Total Capacity Differences	p. 115
4.2.3 Impedance Differences	p. 118
4.3 Effect of unbalancing on Performance	p. 122
4.3.1 Premature Cell Degradation Through Exposure to Overvoltage	p. 122
4.3.2 Safety Hazards Resulting from Overcharged Cells	p. 123
4.3.3 Early Charge Termination Resulting in Reduced Capacity	p. 123
4.3.4 Early Discharge Termination	p. 124
4.4 Hardware Implementation of Balancing	p. 125
4.4.1 Current Bypass	p. 125
4.4.2 Charge Redistribution	p. 127
4.4.3 Charge Shuttles	p. 128
4.4.4 Inductive Convener-Based Cell Balancing	p. 129
4.5 Balancing Algorithms	p. 133
4.5.1 Cell Voltage Based	p. 134
4.5.2 SOC Based	p. 135
4.5.3 SOC and Total Capacity Based	p. 137
4.6 Summary	p. 137
5 Battery Fuel Gauging: State of Charge, Remaining Capacity, and State of Health Indication	p. 139
5.1 Introduction	p. 139
5.2 State of Charge and Accuracy Definitions	p. 143
5.3 Basic Battery Remaining Capacity Monitoring Methods	p. 147
5.3.1 Voltage Correlation	p. 147
5.3.2 Voltage Correlation with IR Correction	p. 148
5.3.3 Hardware Implementation of Voltage Correlation	p. 150
5.3.4 Coulomb Counting: Current Integration Method	p. 151
5.3.5 Coulomb Counting with Voltage-Based Early Learning	p. 155
5.3.6 Hardware Implementation of Coulomb Counting Gauging	p. 157
5.4 Advanced Gauging Methods: Impedance Track™	p. 158
5.4.1 Basic Concept	p. 158
5.4.2 Voltage Correlation in IT	p. 159
5.4.3 Full Chemical Capacity (Q max ) Update in IT	p. 160
5.4.4 Battery Impedance Update in IT	p. 162
5.4.5 Thermal Modeling to Account for Temperature Effects o n Usable Capacity	p. 164
5.4.6 Load Modeling	p. 166
5.4.7 Bringing It All Together: Predicting Usable Capacity and Energy for Present Conditions	p. 167
5.4.8 State of Health	p. 169
5.4.9 Hardware Implementation of IT Algorithm	p. 171
5.5 Host-Side and Pack-Side Gauging	p. 171
5.6 Summary	p. 173
6 System Considerations	p. 175
6.1 Introduction	p. 175
6.2 Battery Pack Electronics: General Considerations	p. 175
6.3 Battery Pack ESD Design Considerations	p. 177
6.3.1 ESD Fundamentals	p. 177
6.3.2 Where Docs the Current Flow During ESD Hits?	p. 178
6.3.3 ESD Design Hardening	p. 181
6.3.4 Pack Insertion Issues	p. 184
6.4 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Solutions	p. 185
6.4.1 EMI Solutions in the Battery Management Unit	p. 185
6.4.2 EMI Design Considerations in Battery Charging System Applications	p. 187
6.4.3 Measuring the EMI	p. 188
6.4.4 Conducted EMI	p. 190
6.4.5 Approach for Minimizing Conducted Differential Noise	p. 192
6.4.6 Approach for Minimizing Common Mode EMI Noise	p. 193
6.4.7 Minimizing the Radiated EMI	p. 197
6.5 Power Components and PCB Thermal Design Considerations	p. 199
6.6 Assuring That an Intended Battery Is Used with the Device: Authentication	p. 201
References	p. 206
7 Design Examples: Complete Battery Solutions for Specific Portable Systems	p. 207
7.1 Introduction	p. 207
7.2 Cell Phones and Smartphones	p. 208
7.2.1 Battery Selection	p. 208
7.2.2 Battery Pack Electronics	p. 211
7.2.3 Battery Charging	p. 215
7.3 Tablet Computers	p. 215
7.3.1 Battery Pack Electronics	p. 217
7.3.2 Battery Charging	p. 218
7.4 Notebook PCs	p. 218
7.4.1 Battery Selection	p. 218
7.4.2 Battery Pack Electronics	p. 220
7.4.3 Battery Charging	p. 222
7.5 Ultrabooks	p. 222
7.5.1 Battery Selection	p. 222
7.5.2 Battery Pack Electronics	p. 224
7.5.3 Charging and Power Architecture	p. 224
7.5.4 Ultrabook Battery Charger Design Example	p. 227
7.6 Digital Cameras	p. 229
7.6.1 Battery Pack Electronics	p. 231
7.6.2 Battery Charging	p. 232
7.7 Industrial and Medical Handheld Devices	p. 232
7.7.1 Battery Selection	p. 232
7.7.2 Battery Pack Electronics	p. 233
7.7.3 Battery Charging	p. 235
7.8 Conclusion	p. 235
About the Authors	p. 237
Index	p. 239

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