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Summary
Summary
Although it is one of the oldest sectors of electronics and now somewhat taken for granted, radio frequency transmission literally changed our world. Today, it is still the backbone of myriad applications, from broadcasting to electronic counter-measures. The wide variety of hardware in use means that those working in the field must be familiar with a multitude of principles and applications, but finding an up-to-date, comprehensive source for this background material has been difficult, if not impossible.
The RF Transmission Systems Handbook addresses the underlying concepts, operation, and maintenance of high-power RF devices, transmission lines, and antennas for broadcast, scientific, and industrial use. Focusing on devices and systems that produce more than one kilowatt of output power, the handbook explores the following major topics:
Applications: The common uses of radio frequency energy
Fundamental principles: The basic technologies, concepts, and techniques used in RF transmission
Power vacuum devices: The principles and applications of gridded vacuum tubes and microwave power devices
Solid-state power devices: The operating parameters of semiconductor-based power devices
RF components and transmission lines: The operation of hardware used to combine and conduct RF power
Antenna systems: The different types of antennas and their basic operating parameters
Troubleshooting: Basic troubleshooting techniques and the operation of important test instruments
Contrary to the perceptions of many, RF technology remains a dynamic field that continues to advance to higher power levels and higher frequencies. Those who specify, install, and maintain RF equipment will welcome this reference that uniquely serves their needs.
Table of Contents
1 Applications of RF Technology | p. 1 |
1.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.2 Broadcast Applications of RF Technology | p. 8 |
1.3 Nonbroadcast Applications | p. 23 |
2 Electromagnetic Spectrum | p. 1 |
2.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
3 Amplitude Modulation | p. 1 |
3.1 Amplitude Modulation | p. 1 |
4 Frequency Modulation | p. 1 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
4.2 The Modulated FM Carrier | p. 1 |
4.3 Frequency Deviation | p. 3 |
4.4 Percent of Modulation in FM | p. 4 |
4.5 Modulation Index | p. 4 |
4.6 Bandwidth and Sidebands Produced by FM | p. 5 |
4.7 Narrow-Band vs. Wide-Band FM | p. 7 |
4.8 Phase Modulation | p. 7 |
4.9 FM Transmission Principles | p. 7 |
4.10 FM Reception Principles | p. 11 |
5 Pulse Modulation | p. 1 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
5.2 The Sampling Theorem | p. 1 |
5.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion | p. 4 |
5.4 Baseband Digital Pulse Modulation | p. 5 |
5.5 Detection of Pulse Modulation Formats | p. 10 |
5.6 Analog Pulse Modulation | p. 10 |
6 Digital Modulation | p. 1 |
6.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
6.2 Detection of Binary Signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise | p. 1 |
6.3 Detection of M-ary Signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise | p. 8 |
6.4 Comparison of Modulation Schemes | p. 15 |
6.5 Higher Order Modulation Schemes | p. 20 |
7 High-Power Vacuum Devices | p. 1 |
7.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
7.2 Electron Optics | p. 2 |
7.3 Diode | p. 5 |
7.4 Triode | p. 6 |
7.5 Tetrode | p. 9 |
7.6 Pentode | p. 12 |
7.7 High-Frequency Operating Limits | p. 13 |
7.8 Device Cooling | p. 15 |
8 Microwave Vacuum Devices | p. 1 |
8.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
8.2 Grid Vacuum Tubes | p. 5 |
8.3 Klystron | p. 9 |
8.4 Traveling Wave Tube | p. 14 |
8.5 Crossed-Field Tubes | p. 20 |
9 Bipolar Junction and Junction Field-Effect Transistors | p. 1 |
9.1 Bipolar Junction Transistors | p. 1 |
9.2 Amplifier Configurations | p. 3 |
9.3 Junction Field-Effect Transistors | p. 5 |
10 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor | p. 1 |
10.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
10.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics | p. 3 |
10.3 Important Device Parameters | p. 4 |
10.4 Limitations on Miniaturization | p. 11 |
11 Solid-State Amplifiers | p. 1 |
11.1 Linear Amplifiers and Characterizing Distortion | p. 2 |
11.2 Nonlinear Amplifiers and Characterizing Distortion | p. 8 |
11.3 Linear Amplifier Classes of Operation | p. 10 |
11.4 Nonlinear Amplifier Classes of Operation | p. 17 |
12 Coaxial Transmission Lines | p. 1 |
12.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
12.2 Coaxial Transmission Line | p. 2 |
12.3 Electrical Considerations | p. 6 |
12.4 Coaxial Cable Ratings | p. 7 |
13 Waveguide | p. 1 |
13.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
13.2 Ridged Waveguide | p. 3 |
13.3 Circular Waveguide | p. 4 |
13.4 Doubly Truncated Waveguide | p. 4 |
13.5 Impedance Matching | p. 6 |
14 RF Combiner and Diplexer Systems | p. 1 |
14.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
14.2 Passive Filters | p. 2 |
14.3 Four-Port Hybrid Combiner | p. 4 |
14.4 Non-Constant-Impedance Diplexer | p. 6 |
14.5 Constant-Impedance Diplexer | p. 8 |
14.6 Microwave Combiners | p. 12 |
14.7 Hot-Switching Combiners | p. 13 |
14.8 High-Power Isolators | p. 17 |
15 Radio Wave Propagation | p. 1 |
15.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
15.2 Radio Wave Basics | p. 1 |
15.3 Free Space Path Loss | p. 3 |
15.4 Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction | p. 4 |
15.5 Very Low Frequency (VLF), Low Frequency (LF), and Medium Frequency (MF) Propagation | p. 7 |
15.6 HF Propagation | p. 9 |
15.7 VHF and UHF Propagation | p. 12 |
15.8 Microwave Propagation | p. 14 |
16 Antenna Principles | p. 1 |
16.1 Antenna Types | p. 1 |
16.2 Antenna Bandwidth | p. 2 |
16.3 Antenna Parameters | p. 3 |
16.4 Antenna Characteristics | p. 13 |
16.5 Apertures | p. 26 |
16.6 Wide-Band Antennas | p. 27 |
17 Practical Antenna Systems | p. 1 |
17.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
17.2 Antenna Types | p. 6 |
17.3 Antenna Applications | p. 11 |
17.4 Phased-Array Antenna Systems | p. 23 |
18 Preventing RF System Failures | p. 1 |
18.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
18.2 Routine Maintenance | p. 2 |
18.3 Klystron Devices | p. 8 |
18.4 Power Grid Tubes | p. 9 |
18.5 Preventing RF System Failures | p. 18 |
18.6 Transmission Line/Antenna Problems | p. 21 |
18.7 High-Voltage Power Supply Problems | p. 24 |
18.8 Temperature Control | p. 28 |
19 Troubleshooting RF Equipment | p. 1 |
19.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
19.2 Plate Overload Fault | p. 2 |
19.3 RF System Faults | p. 5 |
19.4 Power Control Faults | p. 11 |
20 RF Voltage and Power Measurement | p. 1 |
20.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
20.2 RF Power Measurement | p. 5 |
21 Spectrum Analysis | p. 1 |
21.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
22 Testing Coaxial Transmission Line | p. 1 |
22.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
22.2 Testing Coaxial Lines | p. 3 |
23 Safety Issues for RF Systems | p. 1 |
23.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
23.2 Electric Shock | p. 4 |
23.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls | p. 11 |
23.4 OSHA Safety Requirements | p. 16 |
23.5 Beryllium Oxide Ceramics | p. 19 |
23.6 Corrosive and Poisonous Compounds | p. 19 |
23.7 Nonionizing Radiation | p. 20 |
23.8 X-Ray Radiation Hazard | p. 22 |
23.9 Hot Coolant and Surfaces | p. 22 |
23.10 Management Responsibility | p. 22 |
Index | p. 1 |