Cover image for How to grade for learning, K-12
Title:
How to grade for learning, K-12
Personal Author:
Edition:
3rd ed.
Publication Information:
Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Corwin, c2009
Physical Description:
1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm.
ISBN:
9781412953818

9781412953825
General Note:
Rev. ed. of: How to grade for learning. 2nd ed. c2002.

Accompanies text of the same title :LB3060.37 O29 2009 f
Added Author:

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Summary

Summary

′After using these concepts and procedures for the past four years, I would recommend O′Connor′s approach to all teachers who believe that grades should clearly communicate actual student learning. For educators who want to make grades more meaningful and useful to students, parents, and teachers, this is the book to read′-- Forrest Clark, Math Teacher , Nisqually Middle School, Lacey, WA

′O′Connor not only provides readers with valuable information regarding the theory, context, and purpose of grading, he also includes practical strategies and solutions for classroom implementation′-- Patricia Schenck, Academic Program Coordinator, Educator Preparation , Gulf Coast Community Colleg e

Academic assessment methods should help students grow and develop to their full potential. Many educators would agree, however, that traditional grading practices are incompatible with today′s standards-based systems.

This third edition of the best-selling How to Grade for Learning demonstrates how to improve grading practices by linking grades with standards and establishing policies that better reflect student achievement. Ken O′Connor updates his eight guidelines for good grading, explains the purpose and key elements of each guideline, and offers recommendations for practical applications. The book examines a number of additional grading issues, including grade point average calculation and the use of computer grading programmes. This thoroughly revised edition includes:

- A greater emphasis on standards-based grading practices

- Updated research and additions to the sections on feedback and homework

- New sections on academic dishonesty, extra credit, and bonus points

- Additional information on utilizing level scores rather than percentages

- Reflective exercises

- Techniques for managing grading time more efficiently

An invaluable tool to help individual teachers assign grades that are accurate, meaningful, and supportive of learning, this book also makes an ideal staff development resource.


Table of Contents

ForewordRick Stiggins
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction
What Grading Terminology Is Needed?
What Is the Context of Grading?
Constructivist Theories of Learning
How Do These Concepts Affect Assessment?
Why Grade?
What Are the Underlying Perspectives on Grading?
Grading Practices and Guidelines
Grading Issues
1 Linking Grades
Guideline 1 The Case of Michael's Amazing Passing Shop Grade
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 1
2 Using Performance Standards
Guideline 2 The Case of Sally's Shocking Grade
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 2
3 Grading Individual Achievement
Guideline 3 The Case of Rick's Mysterious Falling Grade
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 3
4 Sampling Student Performance
Guideline 4 The Case of Heather's Grim Grade
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 4
5 Changing Grades
Guideline 5 The Case of Anil's Amazing Improvement
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 5
6 Crunching Numbers
Guideline 6 The Case of Alexis' Absences
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 6
7 Quality Assessment and Keeping Records
Guideline 7 The Case of Brian's Boosted Grade
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 7
8 Communicating With Students About Grades
Guideline 8 The Case of Huan's Lunchtime Surprise
What's the Purpose of the Guideline?
What Are the Key Elements of the Guideline?
What's the Bottom Line?
What's My Thinking Now?
A Reflection on Guideline 8
9 Putting It All Together
Grade Book and Checklists
Conclusion
10 More Grading Issues
Grading Systems
Grading Exceptional Students
Computer Grading Programs
Calculating Grade Point Averages
Other Legal Issues
Grading Policy
11 Communicating Student Achievement to Others
Report Cards
Expanded-Format Reporting
Informal Communications
Student-Involved Conferencing
Summary
12 The Way Ahead
De-emphasizing Traditional Grades
Demystifying the Entire Grading Process
Focusing on the Process of Learning
Focusing on the Progress of the Individual Student
Summary
Recommendations
What's My Thinking Now?
Appendix I Glossary
Appendix II Guidelines for Grading in Standards-Based Systems
Appendix III A Proposed Grading Policy
Bibliography
Additional Resources
Index