IP over WDM

Select an Action

Place Hold(s)
Add to My Lists
Email
Print

Title:

IP over WDM

Personal Author:

Liu, Kevin H.

Publication Information:

New York : John Wiley & Sons, 2002

ISBN:

9780470844175

Subject Term:

Wavelength division multiplexing

TCP/IP (Computer network protocol)

Fiber optics

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010022733	TK5103.592.W38 L58 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010019855	TK5103.592.W38 L58 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... SPACE KL Main Library	30000010019856	TK5103.592.W38 L58 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This is the first book to focus on IP over WDM optical networks. It not only summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and the recent development and deployment of WDM optical networks but it also details both the network and the software architectures needed to implement WDM enabled optical networks designed to transport IP traffic.
The next generation network employing IP over optical networks is quickly emerging not only in the backbone but also in metro and access networks. Fiber optics revolutionizes the telecom and networking industry by offering enormous network capacity to sustain the next generation Internet growth. IP provides the only convergence layer in a global and ubiquitous Internet. So integrating IP and WDM to transport IP traffic over WDM enabled optical networks efficiently and effectively is an urgent yet important task.
* Covers hot areas like traffic engineering, MPLS, peer-to-peer computing, IPv6.
* Comprehensive overview of history, background and research.
* Presents all requirements for a WDM optical network (enabling technologies, optical components, software architecture, management, etc.).
* Performance studies and descriptions of experimental WDM optical networks guarantee the practical approach of the book.
Technical engineers and network practitioners, designers and analysts, network managers and technical management personnel as well as first year graduate students or senior undergraduate students majoring in networking and/or network control and management will all find this indispensable.

Author Notes

Kevin H. Liu is the author of IP over WDM, published by Wiley.

List of Figures	p. xi
List of Tables	p. xvii
About the Author	p. ixx
Preface	p. xxi
Acknowledgements	p. xxv
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 What is a WDM-enabled Optical Network	p. 1
1.1.1 TDM vs. WDM	p. 2
1.1.2 WDM Optical Network Evolution	p. 4
1.2 Why IP over WDM	p. 6
1.3 What is IP over WDM	p. 7
1.4 Next-generation Internet	p. 11
1.5 IP/WDM Standardisation	p. 14
1.6 Summary and Subject Overview	p. 16
2 Review	p. 19
2.1 Telecommunication Networks	p. 19
2.2 Optical Communications	p. 21
2.2.1 Optical Communication Impairments	p. 23
2.2.2 Optical Switching	p. 25
2.2.3 Opaque vs. Transparent Switching	p. 28
2.3 WDM Network Testbed and Product Comparison	p. 29
2.3.1 WDM Network Testbeds	p. 29
2.3.2 Product Comparison	p. 32
2.4 Communication Protocols	p. 32
2.5 Internet Architecture	p. 35
2.6 IPv4 Addressing	p. 36
2.6.1 Subnetting	p. 38
2.6.2 Unnumbered Addresses	p. 39
2.6.3 Secondary Addresses	p. 39
2.6.4 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)	p. 40
2.7 Gigabit Ethernet	p. 40
2.7.1 Gigabit Ethernet Architecture	p. 42
2.7.2 Gigabit Ethernet Applications	p. 43
2.8 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)	p. 44
2.8.1 Label Distribution	p. 46
2.8.2 Traffic Engineering	p. 48
2.8.3 Quality of Service (QoS)	p. 49
2.8.4 Virtual Private Network (VPN)	p. 51
2.9 Distributed Systems	p. 52
2.9.1 Design Objectives	p. 53
2.9.2 Architectural Models	p. 54
2.9.3 Clustering	p. 55
2.9.4 API for Distributed Applications	p. 55
3 Characteristics of the Internet and IP Routing	p. 57
3.1 IP Router Overview	p. 57
3.1.1 IPv4 Datagram	p. 58
3.1.2 QoS Queuing Models	p. 61
3.2 Internet Traffic Engineering	p. 62
3.2.1 Shortest Path Routing	p. 62
3.2.2 Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP)	p. 63
3.2.3 Optimised Multi-Path (OMP)	p. 63
3.2.4 MPLS OMP	p. 64
3.3 TCP Traffic Policing	p. 64
3.3.1 TCP Flow Control	p. 65
3.3.2 TCP Congestion Control	p. 67
3.4 Internet Traffic Characteristics and Models	p. 69
3.4.1 Internet Traffic Statistics	p. 70
3.4.2 Traffic Models and Long Range Dependence	p. 79
3.5 Internet Routing	p. 83
3.6 Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF)	p. 85
3.6.1 OSPF Messages	p. 86
3.6.2 Link State Advertisement (LSA)	p. 87
3.6.3 Routing in OSPF	p. 88
3.7 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)	p. 90
3.7.1 Internal and External BGP	p. 90
3.7.2 BGP Messages	p. 91
3.7.3 Path Attributes	p. 93
3.7.4 Policy Filtering	p. 94
3.7.5 BGP Routing	p. 94
3.8 IPv6	p. 95
4 WDM Optical Networks	p. 99
4.1 Optical Modulation	p. 99
4.2 Optical Switching Components and Technology	p. 101
4.2.1 Optical Amplifier (OAMP) and Repeater	p. 101
4.2.2 Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM)	p. 102
4.2.3 Optical Crossconnect (OXC)	p. 102
4.2.4 Transponder	p. 104
4.2.5 Switching Fabric	p. 105
4.2.6 Optical Switch/Router	p. 111
4.3 WDM NC&M Framework	p. 113
4.3.1 TMN Framework	p. 113
4.3.2 WDM Network Management and Visualisation Framework	p. 116
4.4 WDM Network Information Model	p. 119
4.4.1 WDM Object Model	p. 120
4.4.2 An Example of WDM Network and Connection MIB	p. 123
4.5 WDM NC&M Functionality	p. 126
4.5.1 Connection Management	p. 126
4.5.2 Connection Discovery	p. 139
4.5.3 WDM Client Topology Reconfiguration	p. 140
4.5.4 Signal Quality Monitoring	p. 141
4.5.5 Fault Management	p. 142
4.6 WDM NE Management	p. 143
4.6.1 NE MIB	p. 145
4.6.2 NE Interfaces	p. 147
4.7 WDM Signalling	p. 147
4.7.1 Wavelength Signalling and Routing	p. 147
4.7.2 Circuit Switching vs. Just-In-Time (JIT) Burst Switching	p. 148
4.8 WDM DCN	p. 151
4.9 WDM Network Views	p. 152
4.10 Discussion	p. 154
5 IP over WDM	p. 155
5.1 IP over WDM Networking Architectures	p. 155
5.1.1 What is Optical Burst Switching	p. 156
5.1.2 What is Optical Packet Switching	p. 157
5.1.3 Three IP/WDM Networking Architectures	p. 158
5.2 IP/WDM Internetworking Models	p. 162
5.2.1 IP over Reconfigurable WDM	p. 162
5.2.2 IP over Switched WDM	p. 166
5.3 IP/WDM Service Models	p. 169
5.3.1 Domain Service Model	p. 169
5.3.2 Unified Service Model	p. 171
5.3.3 Services	p. 171
5.4 Summary	p. 172
6 IP/WDM Network Control	p. 175
6.1 IP/WDM Network Addressing	p. 177
6.1.1 Overlay Addressing	p. 178
6.1.2 Peer Addressing	p. 180
6.2 Topology Discovery	p. 181
6.2.1 OSPF Hello Message	p. 182
6.2.2 Link Management Protocol (LMP)	p. 184
6.3 IP/WDM Routing	p. 187
6.3.1 Routing Information Base Construction and Maintenance	p. 187
6.3.2 Route Computation and WDM Switching Constraints	p. 189
6.3.3 OSPF Extensions	p. 193
6.3.4 Routing Behaviour	p. 199
6.3.5 Routing Scalability	p. 202
6.4 IP/WDM Signalling	p. 204
6.4.1 RSVP Overview	p. 204
6.4.2 RSVP Extension for Optical Networks	p. 206
6.4.3 RSVP Extension Implementation Architecture	p. 207
6.4.4 RSVP Message Extensions	p. 208
6.4.5 Hybrid Label Allocation Scheme for Optical Networks	p. 212
6.4.6 Discussion	p. 214
6.5 WDM Network Access Control	p. 214
6.6 GMPLS	p. 216
6.6.1 Discussion	p. 217
6.7 IP/WDM Restoration	p. 218
6.7.1 Provisioning Case Study	p. 221
6.7.2 Restoration Case Study	p. 222
6.8 Inter-domain Network Control	p. 223
6.8.1 IP/WDM Network Reachability vs. Availability	p. 225
6.8.2 Inter-domain Routing Information Exchange	p. 226
6.9 WDM Network Element Control and Management Protocol	p. 232
6.9.1 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)	p. 232
6.9.2 General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP)	p. 233
6.9.3 Optical Switch Control Protocol (OSCP)	p. 239
6.10 Summary	p. 243
6.10.1 Network Control vs. Network Management	p. 243
7 IP/WDM Traffic Engineering	p. 245
7.1 What is IP over WDM Traffic Engineering	p. 245
7.2 Modelling of IP over WDM Traffic Engineering	p. 246
7.2.1 Overlay Traffic Engineering	p. 246
7.2.2 Integrated Traffic Engineering	p. 248
7.2.3 Comparison of the Two Models	p. 248
7.3 IP over WDM Traffic Engineering Functional Framework	p. 249
7.3.1 IP/WDM Network State Information Database	p. 251
7.3.2 IP to WDM Interface Management	p. 253
7.3.3 Examples of Reconfiguration Triggers	p. 253
7.3.4 Traffic Monitoring and Measurements	p. 254
7.3.5 Optical Signal Performance Monitoring	p. 260
7.4 Teletraffic Modelling	p. 261
7.4.1 Classical Telephone and Data Traffic Model	p. 261
7.4.2 Novel Data Traffic Models	p. 262
7.4.3 A Bandwidth Projection Model	p. 263
7.5 MPLS Traffic Engineering	p. 268
7.5.1 Load Balancing	p. 268
7.5.2 Network Provisioning	p. 272
7.6 Lightpath Virtual Topology Reconfiguration	p. 273
7.6.1 Regular vs. Irregular Virtual Topology	p. 274
7.6.2 Topology Design Problem Formulation	p. 275
7.6.3 Heuristic Algorithms	p. 276
7.6.4 Virtual Topology Migration	p. 281
7.7 Reconfiguration for Packet Switched WDM Networks	p. 284
7.7.1 Packet Switched WDM Reconfiguration Overview	p. 284
7.7.2 Reconfiguration Conditions	p. 286
7.7.3 A Case Study	p. 287
7.7.4 Heuristic Algorithm Description	p. 288
7.7.5 Heuristic Discussion	p. 293
7.7.6 Lightpath Reconfiguration Migration	p. 294
7.8 Simulation Study of IP over WDM Reconfiguration	p. 295
7.8.1 Traffic Generation	p. 296
7.8.2 Simulation Results	p. 297
7.9 IP/WDM Traffic Engineering Software Design	p. 303
7.9.1 Software Architecture for Overlay Traffic Engineering	p. 303
7.9.2 Software Architecture for Integrated Traffic Engineering	p. 306
7.9.3 IP Traffic Engineering to Network Control Protocol (IP TECP)	p. 307
7.9.4 IP/WDM User to Network Interface (UNI)	p. 312
7.9.5 WDM Traffic Engineering to Network Control Protocol (WDM TECP)	p. 318
7.9.6 IP/WDM Traffic Engineering Tools	p. 326
7.10 Feedback-Based Closed-Loop Traffic Engineering	p. 327
7.10.1 Network Topology Implementation Process	p. 329
7.10.2 Network Convergence	p. 330
7.10.3 A Testbed Study on IP/WDM Traffic Engineering	p. 330
7.11 Summary	p. 334
8 Other IP/WDM Specific Issues	p. 339
8.1 IP/WDM Group Communication	p. 339
8.1.1 IP Multicasting	p. 339
8.1.2 IP Multicasting in Presence of GMPLS	p. 341
8.1.3 IP over WDM Multicasting	p. 342
8.2 IP/WDM Network and Service Management	p. 343
8.2.1 CORBA Reference Model and Telecom Facility	p. 344
8.2.2 Connection and Service Management Information Modelling (CaSMIM)	p. 348
8.2.3 Optical Network Service Management	p. 349
8.3 TCP over Optical Networks	p. 350
9 Concluding Remarks	p. 353
9.1 Book Summary	p. 353
9.2 IP/WDM Network Applications	p. 354
9.2.1 MAN and WAN Network Transport	p. 354
9.2.2 Layer 2 or Layer 3 VPN, VLAN, Leased Fibre Line or Wavelenth Channel	p. 354
9.2.3 Optical Interconnect	p. 355
9.2.4 Bandwidth Brokers and Traders	p. 356
9.3 Future Research	p. 356
9.3.1 Scalable Common Control Plane for Optical Networks	p. 357
9.3.2 Next Generation of TCP/IP	p. 357
9.3.3 TCP/IP Performance Studies in Presence of a Number of Parallel Paths and Unidirectional LSPs	p. 357
9.3.4 Optical Packet Switching	p. 358
9.3.5 Service Protection and Restoration	p. 358
9.3.6 Optical Network Applications	p. 358
9.3.7 Optical MIB Development	p. 358
Bibliography	p. 359
Web Site List	p. 367
Acronym List	p. 371
Index	p. 381

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents