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Searching... | 30000010261897 | QC760.4.M37 V58 2011 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Because future microwave, magnetic resonance, and wave propagation systems will involve miniature devices, nanosize structures, multifunctional applications, and composites of various types of materials, their development requires distinctly multidisciplinary collaborations. That means specialized approaches will not be sufficient to satisfy requirements.
Anticipating that many students lack specialized training in magnetism and magnetics, Magnetics, Dielectrics, and Wave Propagation with MATLABĀ® Codes avoids application-specific descriptions.Instead, it connects phenomenological approaches with comprehensive microscopic formulations to provide a new and sufficiently broad physical perspective on modern trends in microwave technology. Reducing complex calculation approaches to their simplest form, this book's strength is in its step-by-step explanation of the procedure for unifying Maxwell's equations with the free energy via the equation of motion. With clear and simple coverage of everything from first principles to calculation tools, it revisits the fundamentals that govern the phenomenon of magnetic resonance and wave propagation in magneto-dielectric materials.
Introduces constitutive equations via the free energy, paving the way to consider wave propagation in any media
This text helps students develop an essential understanding of the origin of magnetic parameters from first principles, as well as how these parameters are to be included in the large-scale free energy. More importantly, it facilitates successful calculation of said parameters, which is required as the dimensionality of materials is reduced toward the microscopic scale. The author presents a systematic way of deriving the permeability tensor of the most practical magnetic materials, cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. Using this simple and very general approach, he effectively bridges the gap between microscopic and macroscopic principles as applied to wave propagation.
Author Notes
Carmine Vittoria's career spans 40-45 years in academia and research establishments. His approach to scientific endeavors has been to search for the common denominator or thread that links the various sciences to make some logical sense. The fields of study include physics, electrical engineering, ceramics, metallurgy, surface or interfaces, nano-composite films. His interest in science ranges from the physics of particle-particle interaction at the atomic scale to nondestructive evaluation of bridge structures, from EPR of a blood cell to electronic damage in the presence of gamma rays, from design of computer chips to radar systems, from microscopic interfacial structures to thin film composites. The diversity and seriousness of his work and his commitment to science are evident in the ~ 400 publications in peer-reviewed journals, patents, and two other scientific books. Dr. Vittoria is also the author of a nonscientific book on soccer for children. He is a life fellow of the IEEE (1990) and an APS fellow (1985). He has received research awards and special patent awards from government research laboratories.
Dr. Vittoria was appointed to a professorship position in 1985 in the Electrical Engineering Department at Northeastern University, and was awarded the distinguished professorship position in 2001 and a research award in 2007 by the College of Engineering. In addition, he was cited for an outstanding teacher award by the special need students at Northeastern University. His teaching assignments included electromagnetics, antenna theory, microwave networks, wave propagation in magneto-dielectrics, magnetism and superconductivity, electronic materials, microelectronic circuit designs, circuit theory, electrical motors, and semiconductor devices.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Author | p. xvii |
1 Review of Maxwell Equations and Units | p. 1 |
Maxwell Equations in MKS System of Units | p. 1 |
Major and Minor Magnetic Hysteresis Loops | p. 2 |
Tensor and Dyadic Quantities | p. 6 |
Maxwell Equations in Gaussian System of Units | p. 10 |
External, Surface, and Internal Electromagnetic Fields | p. 12 |
Problems | p. 15 |
Appendix 1.A Conversion of Units | p. 16 |
References | p. 18 |
Solutions | p. 19 |
2 Classical Principles of Magnetism | p. 29 |
Historical Background | p. 29 |
First Observations of Magnetic Resonance | p. 29 |
Definition of Magnetic Dipole Moment | p. 30 |
Magnetostatics of Magnetized Bodies | p. 35 |
Electrostatics of Electric Dipole Moment | p. 41 |
Relationship between B and H Fields | p. 43 |
General Definition of Magnetic Moment | p. 46 |
Classical Motion of the Magnetic Moment | p. 48 |
Problems | p. 51 |
Appendix 2.A p. 52 | |
References | p. 53 |
Solutions | p. 53 |
3 Introduction to Magnetism | p. 61 |
Energy Levels and Wave Functions of Atoms | p. 63 |
Spin Motion | p. 67 |
Intra-Exchange Interactions | p. 70 |
Heisenberg Representation of Exchange Coupling | p. 74 |
Multiplet States | p. 75 |
Hund Rules | p. 78 |
Spin-Orbit Interaction | p. 79 |
Lande g j -Factor | p. 81 |
Effects of Magnetic Field on a Free Atom | p. 83 |
Crystal Field Effects on Magnetic Ions | p. 88 |
Superexchange Coupling between Magnetic Ions | p. 92 |
Double Superexchange Coupling | p. 101 |
Ferromagnetism in Magnetic Metals | p. 103 |
Problems | p. 107 |
Appendix 3.A Matrix Representation of Quantum Mechanics | p. 109 |
References | p. 112 |
Solutions | p. 113 |
4 Free Magnetic Energy | p. 121 |
Thermodynamics of Noninteracting Spins: Paramagnets | p. 121 |
Ferromagnetic Interaction in Solids | p. 124 |
Ferrimagnetic Ordering | p. 129 |
Spinwave Energy | p. 131 |
Effects of Thermal Spinwave Excitations | p. 135 |
Free Magnetic Energy | p. 136 |
Single Ion Model for Magnetic Anisotropy | p. 137 |
Pair Model | p. 140 |
Demagnetizing Field Contribution to Free Energy | p. 141 |
Numerical Examples | p. 143 |
Cubic Magnetic Anisotropy Energy | p. 148 |
Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy Energy | p. 150 |
Problems | p. 151 |
References | p. 152 |
Solutions | p. 153 |
5 Phenomenological Theory | p. 167 |
Smit and Beljers Formulation | p. 167 |
Examples of Ferromagnetic Resonance | p. 170 |
Simple Model for Hysteresis | p. 181 |
General Formulation | p. 187 |
Connection between Free Energy and Internal Fields | p. 188 |
Static Field Equations | p. 189 |
Dynamic Equations of Motion | p. 190 |
Microwave Permeability | p. 196 |
Normal Modes | p. 199 |
Magnetic Relaxation | p. 203 |
Free Energy of Multi-Domains | p. 209 |
Problems | p. 212 |
References | p. 213 |
Solutions | p. 213 |
6 Electrical Properties of Magneto-Dielectric Films | p. 229 |
Basic Difference between Electric and Magnetic Dipole Moments | p. 229 |
Electric Dipole Orientation in a Field | p. 230 |
Equation of Motion of Electrical Dipole Moment in a Solid | p. 231 |
Free Energy of Electrical Materials | p. 233 |
Magneto-Elastic Coupling | p. 235 |
Microwave Properties of Perfect Conductors | p. 238 |
Principles of Superconductivity: Type I | p. 239 |
Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors: Type I | p. 245 |
London's Penetration Depth | p. 246 |
Type-II Superconductors | p. 248 |
Microwave Surface Impedance | p. 251 |
Conduction through a Non-Superconducting Constriction | p. 252 |
Isotopic Spin Representation of Feynman Equations | p. 255 |
Problems | p. 260 |
Appendix 6.A p. 262 | |
References | p. 263 |
Solutions | p. 264 |
7 Kramers-Kronig Equations | p. 271 |
Problems | p. 276 |
References | p. 277 |
Solutions | p. 277 |
8 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Magneto-Dielectric Media | p. 281 |
Spinwave Dispersions for Semi-Infinite Medium | p. 286 |
Spinwave Dispersion at High k-Values | p. 287 |
The k = 0 Spinwave Limit | p. 288 |
Sphere | p. 288 |
Thin Films | p. 289 |
Needle | p. 291 |
Surface or Localized Spinwave Excitations | p. 292 |
Pure Electromagnetic Modes of Propagation: Semi-Infinite Medium | p. 295 |
Coupling of the Equation of Motion and Maxwell's Equations | p. 296 |
Normal Modes of Spinwave Excitations | p. 308 |
Magnetostatic Wave Excitations | p. 313 |
$$$ Perpendicular to Film Plane | p. 314 |
$$$ in the Film Plane | p. 321 |
Ferrite Bounded by Parallel Plates | p. 325 |
Problems | p. 327 |
Appendix 8.A p. 328 | |
Perpendicular Case | p. 332 |
In Plane Case | p. 333 |
References | p. 334 |
Solutions | p. 335 |
9 Spin Surface Boundary Conditions | p. 339 |
A Quantitative Estimate of Magnetic Surface Energy | p. 341 |
Another Source of Surface Magnetic Energy | p. 343 |
Static Field Boundary Conditions | p. 344 |
Dynamic Field Boundary Conditions | p. 346 |
Applications of Boundary Conditions | p. 348 |
$$$ to the Film Plane | p. 348 |
$$$ to the Film Plane | p. 352 |
Electromagnetic Spin Boundary Conditions | p. 353 |
Problems | p. 357 |
Appendix 9.A p. 358 | |
Perpendicular Case | p. 358 |
In Plane Case | p. 365 |
References | p. 378 |
Solutions | p. 378 |
10 Matrix Representation of Wave Propagation | p. 387 |
Matrix Representation of Wave Propagation in Single Layers | p. 387 |
$$$ Case | p. 388 |
$$$ Case | p. 392 |
The Incident Field | p. 393 |
Ferromagnetic Resonance in Composite Structures: No Exchange Coupling | p. 397 |
Ferromagnetic Resonance in Composite Structures: Exchange Coupling | p. 401 |
$$$ Case | p. 402 |
Boundary Conditions | p. 405 |
$$$ Case | p. 409 |
Boundary Conditions (// FMR) | p. 410 |
Problems | p. 413 |
Appendix 10.A p. 414 | |
Calculation of Transmission Line Parameters from [A] Matrix | p. 414 |
Microwave Response to Microwave Cavity Loaded with Magnetic Thin Film | p. 427 |
References | p. 432 |
Solutions | p. 433 |
Index | p. 441 |