Jean AnyonGloria AnzaldzuaJames BaldwinSarah BoxerSandra CisnerosStephen Jay GouldLangston HughesEvelyn Fox KellerThomas KuhnLeslie Marmon SilkoKaren Springen and Stanford KayHenry David ThoreauHenry David ThoreauHaunani-Kay TraskAlice Walker

Preface	p. xiii
Part I Key Concepts in Writing and Reading	p. 1
Chapter 1 Composing Our Composing Processes	p. 3
Posing[left and right arrow]Composing Processes of Writing	p. 5
Writing Project Part 1	p. 11
Responding to the Writing Situation	p. 13
Using Language in Context	p. 13
Material Resources of Writing	p. 17
Writing Project Part 2	p. 19
Expanding Your Toolkit of Composing Strategies	p. 19
Some Cautions About How to Talk About Composing Processes	p. 19
The writing[left and right arrow]reading[left and right arrow]thinking[left and right arrow]talking connection	p. 19
Pre-writing, drafting, revision	p. 21
Experimenting with Commonly Recommended Composing Strategies	p. 23
Brainstorming	p. 23
Proofreading	p. 24
Outlining	p. 24
Dictionary use, note-taking	p. 25
Scrap files, note taking	p. 26
Re-reading, satisficing, questioning	p. 27
Collaborating	p. 29
Writing Project Part 3	p. 30
Conclusion	p. 31
Assignments	p. 31
Chapter 2 Reading and Rereading	p. 33
Writing Project Part 1	p. 34
Identifying Habits of Reading	p. 35
Writing Project Part 2	p. 39
Reading in Academic Contexts	p. 40
Writing Project Part 3	p. 48
Reading to Revise and Make New Connections	p. 49
Writing Project Part 4	p. 58
Experimenting with Underlining and Reverse Underlining	p. 58
Conclusion	p. 61
Assignments	p. 62
Chapter 3 Composing Genres	p. 65
Questions for Composing Genres	p. 66
Writing Project Part 1 (A)	p. 70
Writing Project Part 1 (B)	p. 74
Strategies for Composing Genres in College	p. 74
Learning an Assigned Genre's Expected Characteristics	p. 75
Writing Project Part 2 (A)	p. 82
Learning to Tinker with a Genre's Expected Characteristics	p. 83
Writing Project Part 2 (B)	p. 90
Writing Project Part 3	p. 91
Conclusion	p. 91
Assignments	p. 92
Chapter 4 Vocabulary: Composing the Meaning of Words	p. 95
Learning a Specialized Vocabulary	p. 96
The Meaning of a Word in Its Environment	p. 96
Writing Project Part 1	p. 98
Word Choice[left and right arrow]Thinking[left and right arrow]Living	p. 99
Changes in Possibilities of Word Choice	p. 102
Writing Project Part 2	p. 103
Using Words Critically and Creatively	p. 105
Introducing New Neighbors to an Established Word Environment	p. 105
Writing Project Part 3 (A)	p. 107
Researching Historical Shifts in the Meanings of Individual Words	p. 108
Writing Project Part 3 (B)	p. 111
Meshing the Specialized Vocabularies of Diverse Groups	p. 112
Writing Project Part 3 (C)	p. 114
Writing Project Part 4	p. 114
Conclusion	p. 115
Assignments	p. 115
Chapter 5 Audience: Composing Ways of Reading	p. 118
Anticipating and Proposing an Audience	p. 120
Anticipating and Proposing Ways of Reading	p. 121
Getting Started: The Questions of Generic Features, Circumstances, and Past Reception	p. 122
What type of writing am I expected to produce for this assignment?	p. 122
Where and when is my work going to be evaluated?	p. 123
What has the reaction been to similar types of writing on similar occasions?	p. 123
Posing and Revising Audience When Reading and Writing	p. 124
Proposing audience in writing	p. 129
Writing Project Part 1	p. 132
Strategies for Composing Audience	p. 134
Looking at the Form of Assigned Readings	p. 135
Writing Project Part 2 (A)	p. 141
Imagining an Actual Reader's Response to My Writing	p. 141
Writing Project Part 2 (B)	p. 146
Reading a Text in a Different Context	p. 147
Writing Project Part 2 (C)	p. 154
Conclusion	p. 155
Writing Project Part 3	p. 156
Assignments	p. 156
Chapter 6 Purpose: Composing Goals When Reading and Writing	p. 160
Setting General Purposes When Getting Started	p. 161
Exploring Connections among Genre, Purpose, and Occasion	p. 162
Assessing the Relations among Genre, Purpose, and Occasion	p. 166
Writing Project Part 1	p. 167
Adding and Revising Purposes When Writing	p. 168
Allow Alternative Purposes to Emerge During Writing	p. 169
Writing Project Part 2 (A)	p. 173
Creating Breaks to Explore Alternative Purposes	p. 174
Writing Project Part 2 (B)	p. 177
Writing Project Part 2 (C)	p. 182
Writing Project Part 3	p. 183
Conclusion	p. 183
Assignments	p. 184
Chapter 7 Error: Working Rules	p. 188
Common Beliefs About Error	p. 189
Seeing What May Be There on the Page	p. 201
Proofreading Techniques	p. 205
Summary of Proofreading Techniques	p. 207
What to Do with What You've Seen: Working Rules	p. 208
Working, Not Just Following, Rules	p. 210
Matters of Agreement and Disagreement	p. 214
Chapter Summary	p. 220
Assignments	p. 220
Part II Selected Readings	p. 223
"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work"	p. 225
"How to Tame a Wild Tongue"	p. 252
"If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?"	p. 262
"A New Poland, No Joke"	p. 265
"Little Miracles, Kept Promises"	p. 269
"A Biological Homage to Mickey Mouse"	p. 279
"Theme for English B"	p. 289
"Language and Science: Genetics, Embryology, and the Discourse of Gene Action"	p. 290
"The Historical Structure of Scientific Discovery"	p. 312
"Fences Against Freedom"	p. 323
"Green Malls: The Color of Money"	p. 333
"Economy"	p. 334
"The Bean Field"	p. 385
"From a Native Daughter"	p. 393
"In the Closet of the Soul"	p. 402
Part III Assignment Sequences	p. 413
Assignment Sequences	p. 415
Writing History	p. 416
1 Trask's View of History Writing	p. 416
2 Trask's Writing of History	p. 417
3 Testing Trask's Perspective on History Writing with Silko	p. 417
4 Considering a Different View of History Writing: Thomas Kuhn	p. 418
5 Kuhn's Writing of History	p. 418
6 Testing Kuhn's Perspective on History Writing	p. 418
7 Taking Stock of History Writing	p. 419
8 History of Your Writing	p. 420
Writing Science	p. 420
1 Thomas Kuhn's Critique of Scientific Discovery	p. 420
2 Applying Kuhn's Critique to Kuhn's Discovery	p. 421
3 Keller on Science and Writing	p. 422
4 Gould as a Test Case for Scientific Writing	p. 422
5 Expanding Research on Science Writing	p. 423
6 Drawing Conclusions	p. 423
Writing Society	p. 424
1 Anyon and Your Schooling	p. 424
2 Applying Anyon's Approach to Anyon's Text	p. 425
3 Your Writing as Work	p. 426
4 Alice Walker and the Effects of Writing on Society	p. 426
5 Anyon's and Walker's Writing as Work on Society	p. 427
6 Another Voice on Writing and Society: Henry David Thoreau	p. 427
7 Your Writing as Work on Society	p. 428
Language and the Self	p. 429
1 James Baldwin on Language and the Self	p. 429
2 Baldwin's Argument and "Little Miracles"	p. 429
3 Trask and Baldwin on Language and the Self	p. 430
4 Adding Hughes to the Dialogue on Language and the Self	p. 431
5 Your Language, Your Self	p. 431
Credits	p. 433
Index	p. 435