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Title:
Fundamentals of semiconductor manufacturing and process control
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Publication Information:
Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Interscience, 2006
ISBN:
9780471784067
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Summary

Summary

A practical guide to semiconductor manufacturing from process control to yield modeling and experimental design

Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control covers all issues involved in manufacturing microelectronic devices and circuits, including fabrication sequences, process control, experimental design, process modeling, yield modeling, and CIM/CAM systems. Readers are introduced to both the theory and practice of all basic manufacturing concepts.

Following an overview of manufacturing and technology, the text explores process monitoring methods, including those that focus on product wafers and those that focus on the equipment used to produce wafers. Next, the text sets forth some fundamentals of statistics and yield modeling, which set the foundation for a detailed discussion of how statistical process control is used to analyze quality and improve yields.

The discussion of statistical experimental design offers readers a powerful approach for systematically varying controllable process conditions and determining their impact on output parameters that measure quality. The authors introduce process modeling concepts, including several advanced process control topics such as run-by-run, supervisory control, and process and equipment diagnosis.

Critical coverage includes the following:
* Combines process control and semiconductor manufacturing
* Unique treatment of system and software technology and management of overall manufacturing systems
* Chapters include case studies, sample problems, and suggested exercises
* Instructor support includes electronic copies of the figures and an instructor's manual

Graduate-level students and industrial practitioners will benefit from the detailed exami'nation of how electronic materials and supplies are converted into finished integrated circuits and electronic products in a high-volume manufacturing environment.

An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.

An Instructor Support FTP site is also available.


Author Notes

GARY S. MAY , PhD, is Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. May is a Fellow of the IEEE and Senior Member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. He has published more than 150 articles and given over 100 technical presentations in the area of IC computer-aided manufacturing.

COSTAS J. SPANOS , PhD, is Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Associate Dean for Research for the College of Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Spanos is a Fellow of the IEEE and has published extensively in the area of semiconductor manufacturing.


Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing
Objectives
Introduction
1.1 Historical Evolution
1.2 Modern Semiconductor Manufacturing
1.3 Goals of Manufacturing
1.4 Manufacturing Systems
1.5 Outline for Remainder of the Book
Summary
Problems
References
2 Technology Overview
Objectives
Introduction
2.1 Unit Processes
2.2 Process Integration
Summary
Problems
References
3 Process Monitoring
Objectives
Introduction
3.1 Process Flow and Key Measurement Points
3.2 Wafer State Measurements
3.3 Equipment State Measurements
Summary
Problems
References
4 Statistical Fundamentals
Objectives
Introduction
4.1 Probability Distributions
4.2 Sampling from a Normal Distribution
4.3 Estimation
4.4 Hypothesis Testing
Summary
Problems
Reference
5 Yield Modeling
Objectives
Introduction
5.1 Definitions of Yield Components
5.2 Functional Yield Models
5.3 Functional Yield Model Components
5.4 Parametric Yield
5.5 Yield Simulation
5.6 Design Centering
5.7 Process Introduction and Time-to-Yield
Summary
Problems
References
6 Statistical Process Control
Objectives
Introduction
6.1 Control Chart Basics
6.2 Patterns in Control Charts
6.3 Control Charts for Attributes
6.4 Control Charts for Variables
6.5 Multivariate Control
6.6 SPC with Correlated Process Data
Summary
Problems
References
7 Statistical Experimental Design
Objectives
Introduction
7.1 Comparing Distributions
7.2 Analysis of Variance
7.3 Factorial Designs
7.4 Taguchi Method
Summary
Problems
References
8 Process Modeling
Objectives
Introduction
8.1 Regression Modeling
8.2 Response Surface Methods
8.3 Evolutionary Operation
8.4 Principal-Component Analysis
8.5 Intelligent Modeling Techniques
8.6 Process Optimization
Summary
Problems
References
9 Advanced Process Control
Objectives
Introduction
9.1 Run-by-Run Control with Constant Term Adaptation
9.2 Multivariate Control with Complete Model Adaptation
9.3 Supervisory Control
Summary
Problems
References
10 Process and Equipment Diagnosis
Objectives
Introduction
10.11 Algorithmic Methods
10.l2 Expert Systems
10.l3 Neural Network Approaches
10.l4 Hybrid Methods
Summary
Problems
References
Appendix A Some Properties of the Error Function
Appendix B Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix C Percentage Points of the C2 Distribution
Appendix D Percentage Points of the t Distribution
Appendix E Percentage Points of the F Distribution
Appendix F Factors for Constructing Variables Control Charts
Index