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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010022360 | QA76.73.J38 R44 2002 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Developing Applications with Java(tm) and UML focuses on the craft of creating quality Java software. The book introduces the fundamentals of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and demonstrates how to use this standard object-oriented notation to build more robust Java applications that fulfill users' requirements and stand the test of time.
The book features the Rational Unified Process, using a large-scale application to illustrate the development process: how to establish a sound project plan, gather application requirements using use cases, create a successful Java design with UML, and implement Java code from the UML class and sequence diagrams. This sample application showcases the latest Java technology frameworks, including Java Server Pages(tm) (JSP), servlets, and the Enterprise Java Beans(tm) (EJB) 2.0 server-side technology.
You will learn how to:
Estimate with accuracy and confidence projects built using the use case approach Map UML to Java-based deliverables Understand and describe application requirements using UML use cases Create a design based on UML class and sequence diagrams Use Rational Rose to create and track UML artifacts and generate skeletons for component code Build server-side Java functionality using JSP, servlets, and EJB 2.0 beans Produce code using several options, including JavaBeans, EJB Session Beans, and EJB Entity Beans (using both Bean-Managed Persistence and Container-Managed Persistence) Explore the benefits of deploying Java applications on both open-source and commercial application server productsBased on the author's extensive professional experience and the most advanced software development methods, Developing Applications with Java(tm) and UML teaches you how to use UML and the latest developments in technology to create truly successful, professional-quality Java applications.
0201702525B09042001
Author Notes
Paul R. Reed, Jr., is President of Jackson-Reed, Inc. ( www.jacksonreed.com ), where he consults on the implementation of object-oriented distributed systems worldwide. He develops and leads seminars on such topics as object-oriented analysis and design, use case analysis, the Unified Process, Internet application development, and client/server technology. Paul also speaks at various industry events, including DB/Expo, UML World, and VBITS, and is the author of numerous journal articles as well as Developing Applications with Visual Basic and UML (Addison-Wesley, 2000).
0201702525AB10302001
Excerpts
Excerpts
This book focuses on the most powerful approach available today to modeling and building industrial-strength Java applications: the Unified Modeling Language (UML) adopted in 1997 by the Object Management Group (OMG). A project lifecycle and software process model are demonstrated (Rational's Unified Process) through a sample application from requirements gathering, using use-cases, through implementation via the creation Java code from class and sequence diagrams. This sample application uses the latest Java technology frameworks, such as JavaServer Pages (JSP), servlets, and most importantly, the Enterprise JavaBeans 2.0 (EJB) server-side enabling technology for implementation of the business rules. Products to implement these server-side solutions range from the Apache Tomcat server to commercial application servers such as BEA's WebLogic. Reason for the Book It took me many years to understand that writing a program is nothing more than a learned tactical skill. To program in a language like Java is to be a journeyman. But to capture someone's requirements in an intelligent fashion and organize the necessary resources and resulting software into a cohesive deliverable are the signs of a strategic craftsman. To me, the majority of Java books never consider Java "in the large." They focus on the small view, covering single Java-enabled extensions such as JavaBeans, servlets, and JavaServer Pages. Although these views, too, are necessary, unfortunately no one seems to touch on project planning, software process, and the methodology for building enterprise-status Java applications. This is a difficult topic to explore and present because the whole subject of process spurs on many heartfelt debates and opinions. At the urging of many of my colleagues and supportive readers of my first book, Developing Applications with Visual Basic and UML, I have undertaken a similar project for Java. Who Should Read This Book This book is intended for anyone who wants to successfully build Java applications that can stand up over time. It provides an accurate road map for anyone to achieve the following goals: Review two processes: one commercially available through Rational Software called the Unified Process and one from my own experiences called Synergy. The greatest emphasis will be placed on the Unified Process. Establish a sound project plan (presented in depth in Appendix A). Estimate projects with confidence, rather than by using a rule-of-thumb approach. Understand and describe the requirements of the application using UML use-cases. Create a sound design based on UML class and sequence diagrams. Use a visual modeling tool such as Rose by Rational Software not only to create and track UML artifacts, but also to generate skeleton component code. Although I firmly believe that an automated code generation process is a big factor contributing to successful projects, it is certainly not mandatory. Use Java to build server-side Java functionality employing frameworks such as JavaServer Pages (JSP), servlets, and Enterprise JavaBeans 2.0 (EJB). Produce the code for the project using an evolutionary approach showing various technology options: (1) servlets, JSP, and JavaBeans; (2) servlets, JSP, and bean-managed persistence (BMP); and (3) servlets, JSP, and container-managed persistence (CMP). Investigate the benefit of deploying Java applications on both open-source products like the Apache Tomcat server and commercial application server products such as BEA's WebLogic application server. Anyone building Java applications today needs this book. What You Need to Know to Use This Book Maybe it's best to start out with what you don't need to know to benefit from this book. First, you don't need to know anything about UML. I present the essential aspects of UML and, more importantly, how they relate to Java deliverables. Although UML is expressed through nine separate diagrams, you will benefit the most from a core set. Second, you don't need a formal background in object-oriented concepts (but it certainly doesn't hurt). I discuss standard object constructs in Chapter 2. Third, you should have some conversational understanding of what Enterprise JavaBeans is. For a really thorough treatment of Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), you should focus on one of the many texts that cover them in more detail. A favorite of mine is a book by Richard Monson-Haefel entitled Enterprise JavaBeans, published by O'Reilly. You will also benefit from some exposure to JavaServer Pages (JSP). One of my favorite sources on this topic is a book by Hans Bergsten entitled Java Server Pages, also published by O'Reilly. This book assumes that you have a working knowledge of Java. Both the new Java programmer and the experienced Java programmer will benefit. I don't cover the basics of simple Java constructs, assuming that you already know these. I do briefly review the tenets of Java's support for object-oriented principles in Chapter 2, but only as a baseline for other topics related to UML. If you have had no exposure to Java, buy this book anyway and open it after you have had some initial training in that programming language. This book emphasizes the most mainstream Java techniques and products that are used to build production applications. When I began this book, I planned to cover all kinds of Java technologies (i.e., applets, Java applications talking to servlets or JSPs). However, it quickly became apparent to me that the majority of my clients and my associates' clients were all pretty much cut from the same mold in terms of architecture. They consist of a light client browser on the front end (with minimal JavaScript for syntax editing), and a Web server intercepting those browser requests with either servlets and/or JavaServer Pages acting as a broker within a container product that houses the business rules. These business rules are implemented as either JavaBeans or Enterprise JavaBeans. The container products range from open-source solutions like Apache Tomcat to commercial products. The two biggest of the commercial application server players I run across are BEA (with its WebLogic product) and IBM (with its WebSphere product). This doesn't mean there aren't other good commercial container products, but these two vendors have the lion's share of the market. This book will utilize a light client-side technology (no applets or Java applications), and a Web server running servlets and JavaServer Pages, which in turn send messages to either JavaBeans (Tomcat) or Enterprise JavaBeans (session and entity beans) residing in a commercial application server. In the case of the latter, I have chosen to use BEA's WebLogic as my application server. Don't be discouraged if you are using another vendor's application server product because this book's coverage of EJB is based on the 2.0 specification. This release of EJB resolved many of the ambiguities that kept beans from being truly transportable across vendor implementations. So regardless of your EJB vendor, you will be able to use the code built in this book. It would be unfair to say that you will know everything about EJBs after reading this book. If you already know about EJBs, this book will help you put them into a sound design architecture. The emphasis is on the notation (UML) and the process (Unified Process and Synergy) in beginning, developing, and implementing a software project using the Java language. The benefit of seeing an application from requirements gathering to implementation is the key goal of this book. This is where I shall place my emphasis. Structure of the Book The following sections summarize the contents of each chapter. Chapter 1: The Project Dilemma Chapter 1 reviews the current state of software development and my reasoning regarding why it's in the shape that it is today. It also reviews the concept of iterative and incremental software development and provides an overview of both Rational Software's Unified Process and my Synergy Process methodology. In addition, it touches on the primary components of UML that will be covered in more depth later in the book. Chapter 2: Java, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, and UML Chapter 2 covers some of the benefits of adopting Java as a development environment, presented in the context of Java's implementation of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It then maps UML to various Java deliverables. Highlights include mapping the UML diagrams to Java classes and Java interfaces; mapping use-case pathways to Java classes; and mapping component diagrams to Java classes and Java packages. Chapter 3: Starting the Project Chapter 3 explores the case study used in the book: Remulak Productions. This fictional company sells musical equipment and needs a new order entry system. The chapter introduces a project charter, along with a tool, called the event table, to help quickly solidify the application's features. Further, the chapter maps events to the first UML model, the use-case. Chapter 4: Use-Cases Chapter 4 reviews the use-case, one of the central UML diagrams. Included is a template to document the use-case. Actors and their roles in the use-cases are defined. The concept of use-case pathways, as well as the project's preliminary implementation architecture, is reviewed. Also reviewed is an approach to estimating projects that are built with the use-case approach. Chapter 5: Classes Chapter 5 explores the class diagram, the king of UML diagrams. It offers tips on identifying good class selections and defines the various types of associations. It also covers business rule categorization and how these rules can be translated into both operations and attributes of the class. Finally, it discusses the utilization of a visual modeling tool as a means to better manage all UML artifacts. Chapter 6: Building a User Interface Prototype Chapter 6 reviews unique user interface requirements of each use-case. It develops an early user interface prototype flow and an eventual graphical prototype. Finally, it maps what was learned during the prototype to the UML artifacts. Chapter 7: Dynamic Elements of the Application Chapter 7 discusses the dynamic models supported by UML, exploring in depth the two key diagrams, often referred to as the interaction diagrams: sequence and collaboration. These are then directly tied back to the pathways found in the use-cases. Other dynamic diagrams discussed include the state and activity diagrams. Chapter 8: The Technology Landscape Chapter 8 covers the importance of separating logical services that are compliant with a model that separates services. It explores technology solutions specific to the Remulak Productions case study, including distributed solutions and the Internet using HTML forms, JSP, and servlets. Both JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans as solutions for housing the business rules are also explored. Chapter 9: Data Persistence: Storing the Objects Chapter 9 explores the steps necessary to translate the class diagram into a relational design to be supported by both Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle databases. It offers rules of thumb regarding how to handle class inheritance and the resulting possible design alternatives for translation to an RDBMS. This book will deliver solutions that range from roll-your-own persistence using JavaBeans and JDBC, all the way to container-managed persistence (CMP) features of the EJB 2.0 specification. The latter removes all the requirements of the application to write SQL or control transactions. This chapter introduces the concept of value objects to reduce network traffic, as well as data access objects that encapsulate SQL calls. Chapter 10: Infrastructure and Architecture Review Chapter 10 finalizes the design necessary to implement the various layers of the application. It also presents the communication mechanism utilized between the layers and possible alternatives. Each class is delegated to one of three types: entity, boundary, or control. These types are used as the basis for the design implementation and as the solution to providing alternative deployment strategies. Chapter 11: Constructing a Solution: Servlets, JSP, and JavaBeans Chapter 11 builds the first architectural prototype for Remulak and does not rely on Enterprise JavaBeans. With the Maintain Relationships use-case as the base, the various components are constructed. The primary goal of the architectural prototype is to reduce risk early by eliminating any unknowns with the architecture. This chapter uses the Apache Tomcat server and introduces the concepts of user interface and use-case control classes. Chapter 12: Constructing a Solution: Servlets, JSP, and Enterprise JavaBeans Chapter 12 initially uses Rational Rose to generate EJB components. A primer on EJB is offered, along with a thorough discussion of the transaction management options in the EJB environment. Session beans are utilized as the use-case controller. Solutions that incorporate both container-managed persistence (CMP) and bean-managed persistence (BMP) are presented. Leveraging the data access objects created in Chapter 11 is crucial to the success of a BMP implementation. Updates and Information I have the good fortune to work with top companies and organizations not only in the United States, but also in Europe, Asia, and South America. In my many travels, I am always coming across inventive ideas for how to use and apply UML to build more-resilient applications that use not only Java, but also C++, C#, and Visual Basic. Please visit my Web site, at www.jacksonreed.com , for the latest on the training and consulting services that I offer, as well as all of the source code presented in this book. I welcome your input and encourage you to contact me at prreed@jacksonreed.com. 0201702525P10302001 Excerpted from Developing Applications with Java and UML by Paul R. Reed All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.Table of Contents
Preface |
Acknowledgements |
1 The Project Dilemma |
In This Chapter |
Goals |
The Sad Truth |
The Project Dilemma |
Iterative and Incremental Software Development |
Risk-Based Development |
The Iterative Software Process Model |
Combining Iterative with Incremental: Multidimensional View |
The Synergy Process Model |
The Unified Process |
Other Processes (XP) |
Selling the Idea of a Software Process to the Business |
The Unified Modeling Language |
The Place of UML in a Software Process |
The Essence of Modeling |
The UML Diagrams |
Checkpoint |
Where We've Been |
Where We're Going Next |
2 Java, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, and UML |
In This Chapter |
Goals |
Java as an Industrial-Strength Development Language |
Java and Object-Oriented Programming |
Java and Classes |
More on Java and Classes |
Java and Complex Types (Java Reference Types) |
Java and Message Passing |
Java and Encapsulation |
Java and Inheritance |
Java and Polymorphism |
Why UML and Java |
Class Diagram |
Sequence Diagram |
Component Diagram |
Deployment Diagram |
Visual Modeling Tool Support |
Checkpoint |
Where We've |
Where We're Going Next |
3 Starting the Project |
In This Chapter |
Goals |
Establishing the Project Vision |
The Process Model |
Working Template of the Project Vision |
Actors |
Event List and Event Table |
Identifying and Categorizing Business Rules |
Event Capture Format |
The Project Vision |
Checkpoint |
Where We've Been |
Where We're Going Next |
4 Use-Cases |
In This Chapter |
Goals |
The Sample Project |
The Process Model |
Use-Cases |
Finding the Pathways through Use-Cases |
Use-Case Template: Section 1e |
Use-Case Template: Section 2 |
Use-Case Template: Section 3 |
Use-Case Template: Section 4 |
Finding the Happy Path |
Finding the Alternate Pathways |
Finding the Exception Pathways |
Common Use-Case Pitfalls |
Shadow Use Cases |
Describing Details of the Happy Path |
The Completed Process Orders Use-Case Template |
Preparing the Preliminary Architecture |
Project Charter: Increments and Estimates |
Increments |
Estimates: The Issues |
Estimates: The Process |
Checkpoint |
Where We've Been |
Where We're Going Next |
5 Classes |
In This Chapter |
Goals |
The Elaboration Phase |
Detailing Details of Pathways |
Identifying Classes |
Role of the UML Class Diagram |
What Makes a Good Class? Applying Filter Rules |
Types of Classes |
Relationships |
Establishing Associations |
Establishing Roles |
Establishing Multiplicity |
Advanced Associations |
Generalization |
Creating the Class Diagram |
Identifying Attributes and Operations |
Attributes |
Operations |
Interfaces |
Object Diagram |
Finishing Up: The Analysis Model |
Checkpoint |
Where We've Been |
Where We're Going Next |
6 Building a User Interface Prototype |