Chemical and energy process engineering

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Title:

Personal Author:

Skogestad, Sigurd.

Publication Information:

Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, c2009.

Physical Description:

436 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.

ISBN:

9781420087550

Abstract:

"Emphasizing basic mass and energy balance principles, Chemical and Energy Process Engineering prepares the next generation of process engineers through an exemplary survey of energy process engineering, basic thermodynamics, and the analysis of energy efficiency. By emphasizing the laws of thermodynamics and the law of mass/matter conservation, the author builds a strong foundation for performing industrial process engineering calculations. The book's systematic treatment applies these core principles on a macro-level scale, allowing for more manageable calculations."--BOOK JACKET.

Subject Term:

Chemical engineering.

Power resources.

Power (Mechanics)

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Summary

Emphasizing basic mass and energy balance principles, Chemical and Energy Process Engineering prepares the next generation of process engineers through an exemplary survey of energy process engineering, basic thermodynamics, and the analysis of energy efficiency. By emphasizing the laws of thermodynamics and the law of mass/matter conservation, the author builds a strong foundation for performing industrial process engineering calculations. The book's systematic treatment applies these core principles on a macro-level scale, allowing for more manageable calculations.

The development of new processes is demanding and exciting. The instruction within these pages enables engineers to understand and analyze existing processes and primes them for participation in the development of new ones.

1 Notation, concepts and numbers	p. 1
1.1 Notation	p. 1
1.2 Always check the units!	p. 7
1.3 Some conversion factors	p. 8
1.4 Some important numbers	p. 15
1.5 Some important concepts	p. 18
1.6 Unit operations	p. 21
1.7 Batch and continuous process	p. 27
1.8 A little about economy	p. 29
1.9 Some fun and useful energy exercises	p. 31
1.10 Global energy consumption	p. 37
2 Derivation of balance equations	p. 39
2.1 The balance principle	p. 39
2.2 The balance equation	p. 42
2.3 Mass balances without accumulation	p. 47
2.4 Recycle	p. 55
2.5 Systematic formulation and solution of mass balances	p. 58
2.6 Use of spreadsheet program	p. 59
2.7 Examples of recycle without reaction	p. 62
2.8 Flash calculations	p. 64
2.9 Summary: Procedure for deriving balance equations	p. 66
2.10 Degrees of freedom and solvability	p. 66
2.11 Simulation versus design	p. 75
2.12 Summary	p. 76
3 Mass balances with reaction	p. 77
3.1 Introduction	p. 77
3.2 The component balance	p. 77
3.3 Steady-state component balance	p. 78
3.4 Conversion and extent of reaction	p. 79
3.5 Selectivity and yield	p. 82
3.6 Reaction and recycle	p. 85
3.7 Atomic balances	p. 86
3.8 Independent reactions and matrix formulation	p. 88
3.9 Reaction with chemical equilibrium	p. 91
3.10 Summary	p. 94
4 The energy balance	p. 95
4.1 The general energy balance (open system)	p. 95
4.2 Energy forms	p. 96
4.3 Work forms	p. 98
4.4 Alternative formulations of the energy balance	p. 100
4.5 Calculation of enthalpy	p. 105
4.6 Energy balance for mixing processes	p. 107
4.7 Valve: Isenthalpic pressure relief	p. 114
4.8 Real fluids: Thermodynamic state diagrams	p. 115
4.9 Energy balance with chemical reaction	p. 118
4.10 Energy balance with kinetic and potential energy	p. 125
4.11 Summary of energy balance	p. 128
5 Heat exchange	p. 129
5.1 Introduction	p. 129
5.2 Calculation (design) of heat exchangers	p. 131
5.3 Simulation of heat exchangers	p. 139
6 Compression and expansion	p. 143
6.1 Introduction	p. 143
6.2 Compression (increase of pressure)	p. 144
6.3 Expansion in turbine	p. 144
6.4 Reversible shaft work	p. 145
6.5 Reversible shaft work for ideal gas	p. 148
6.6 Actual work and examples	p. 149
6.7 Pump work	p. 154
6.8 Compression and expansion of real gases	p. 155
7 Entropy and equilibrium	p. 161
7.1 The laws of thermodynamics	p. 161
7.2 Calculation of entropy	p. 163
7.3 Equilibrium	p. 173
7.4 Introduction to vapor/liquid equilibrium	p. 179
7.5 Flash calculations	p. 189
8 Work from heat	p. 197
8.1 Thermodynamics	p. 197
8.2 Heat engine and the first law	p. 198
8.3 Heat engine and the second law	p. 199
8.4 Reverse heat engine: Refrigeration and heat pump	p. 203
8.5 Efficiency	p. 209
8.6 Ideal work and exergy	p. 212
8.7 Gas power plant	p. 225
8.8 Summary	p. 236
9 Mechanical energy balance	p. 237
9.1 The "regular" energy balance	p. 237
9.2 Mechanical energy	p. 238
9.3 Reversible shaft work and friction	p. 238
9.4 The mechanical energy balance	p. 239
9.5 Compressible flow in pipe (gases)	p. 247
9.6 A remark on friction	p. 249
9.7 Summary	p. 250
10 Chemical reaction engineering	p. 253
10.1 Reaction kinetics	p. 253
10.2 Reactor calculations and reactor design	p. 260
11 Process dynamics	p. 273
11.1 Introduction	p. 273
11.2 Modeling: Dynamic balances	p. 274
11.3 Dynamic analysis and time response	p. 284
11.4 Linearization	p. 301
11.5 Dynamic simulation with examples	p. 303
11.6 Process control	p. 322
11.7 Summary	p. 325
A Some thermodynamics and physical chemistry	p. 327
A.1 Concept of mol	p. 327
A.2 Balancing chemical reactions	p. 328
A.3 Thermodynamic concepts	p. 329
A.4 Thermodynamic diagrams	p. 333
A.5 Equations of state	p. 334
A.6 Work, heat and energy	p. 343
A.7 Volume change work for closed system	p. 346
A.8 Internal energy	p. 347
A.9 Enthalpy	p. 348
A.10 Heat capacity	p. 349
A.11 Adiabatic reversible expansion of ideal gas	p. 350
A.12 Pressure independence of U and H for ideal gas: Joule's experiment	p. 353
A.13 Calculation of enthalpy	p. 354
A.14 Thermochemistry	p. 357
A.15 Alternative reference states	p. 364
B More thermodynamics: Entropy and equilibrium	p. 369
B.1 Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics	p. 369
B.2 Definition of entropy	p. 370
B.3 Carnot cycle for ideal gas	p. 373
B.4 Calculation of the system's entropy	p. 377
B.5 Mixtures (variable composition)	p. 381
B.6 Equilibrium	p. 383
B.7 The fundamental equation of thermodynamics and total differentials	p. 389
C Differential balances: Examples	p. 393
C.1 Emptying of gas tank	p. 393
C.2 Logarithmic mean temperature difference	p. 394
C.3 Batch (Rayleigh) distillation	p. 396
D Summary of the whole book	p. 399
E Additional problems	p. 405
E.1 Test exam	p. 405
E.2 Solution	p. 407
E.3 Some more exercises	p. 411
F Data	p. 415
G Solutions to starred exercises	p. 423
Index	p. 425

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Table of Contents