From science to business : how firms create value by partnering with universities

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In today's knowledge-based society universities and firms must learn to engage more effectively. Universities focus on generating new knowledge, while firms are increasingly drawing on external collaborations to add value to their offerings. This book shows managers how to work with universities to boost their competitive position and revenue.

Author Notes

DR GEORGES HAOUR is Professor of Technology & Innovation Management. He also acts as an adviser to firms and organizations in his area of value-creation through effective management of the innovation process, as well as commercialization of technology. He has 8 patents, 90 publications and three books on innovation and technology commercialization. Prior to joining IMD, Dr. Haour was a manager at Battelle, in Geneva, where, for nine years, he led a business unit carrying out innovation projects on behalf of companies in Europe, Japan and the USA. He holds a Master of Sciences from ENSCP - Higher School of Chemistry, France and a Ph.D from the University of Toronto, Canada. LAURENT MIEVILLE is Director of Unitec, the Technology Transfer Office at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. After graduating in Physics from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Laurent Miéville completed a Ph.D. at the University of Geneva. He spent the next three years in the US, first at Stanford University as group leader, and then at a young start-up company, Conductus. He is immediate past president of the European Association of Science and Technology Transfer Professionals (ASTP) and co-founder of the Swiss Technology Transfer Association (SWITT) as well as member of the American Association of University Technology Transfer Managers (AUTM) and the Licensing Executive Society (LES). He is also one the first technology transfer professionals to be certified at the international level as 'Certified Licensing Professional'.

List of Figures	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Chapter 1 Firms engage with universities in many different ways	p. 1
Universities and firms, two key actors of the so-called 'knowledge economy'	p. 2
Key is not how much firms invest in R&D but how they perform it	p. 4
Ways in which firms and universities engage with each other	p. 6
The graduates are key agents for transferring knowledge and technology	p. 7
University-industry consortiums for graduate/continuing education	p. 10
Broad linkage between business and universities	p. 10
Professional contacts	p. 11
Focus of this book: collaborative research, licensing and spinning out start-ups	p. 12
The two themes running through this book	p. 14
Chapter 2 Collaborative research between companies and universities	p. 21
Unilateral firm-university collaboration	p. 22
Students in the firm's R&D	p. 29
Multilateral collaborative projects	p. 30
Long-term consortia	p. 34
Co-location	p. 36
The innovation campuses of companies	p. 37
Joint laboratories	p. 39
Embedded laboratories	p. 40
Endowments	p. 42
Secondment	p. 44
The weight of collaborative research in universities	p. 45
Cornell University's policy on firms engaging with the university	p. 46
Collaborations in non-technical areas	p. 47
Conclusion	p. 49
Chapter 3 Firms accessing university technology through licenses	p. 51
IP-based licensing	p. 52
Licensing at Stanford University	p. 54
Elements of an effective technology licensing office	p. 58
The business of IP: patent aggregators, patent trolls, and patent pirates	p. 62
Losing sight of common sense in granting patents for licensing	p. 66
The difficulty of licensing public research: the case of BTG	p. 67
Universities need clear ownership of intellectual property	p. 68
Developing Technology Licensing Offices in Japan	p. 70
Licensing in the German system for technology transfer	p. 72
How about China?	p. 74
Turkey	p. 78
Conclusion	p. 79
Chapter 4 Firms accessing university research results via spin-outs	p. 81
Example of a university spin-out	p. 81
The incubation process	p. 82
The role of incubators	p. 86
The extravagant bubble of the dotcom start-ups	p. 88
From science to business at Imperial Innovations	p. 91
Incubating non-technical ventures	p. 92
How effective is the spinning out from universities?	p. 95
The overall scene in the UK	p. 98
The Peter Pan complex of Europe's young companies	p. 99
Spin-outs at the University of Tokyo	p. 101
Science parks in China	p. 103
From route 128 to Silicon Valley and Bangalore's Silicon plateau	p. 105
Entrepreneurial Israel	p. 106
Spin out or not spin out? this is the question	p. 108
Chapter 5 SMEs must engage with universities	p. 111
SMEs and competitiveness	p. 111
SBIR in the USA	p. 113
Effectiveness of SBIR	p. 115
Encouraging applied research in SMEs	p. 116
Providing SMEs with external management expertise	p. 121
Encouraging university graduates to work with SMEs	p. 121
A specific example of a SME-university collaboration involving graduate students	p. 124
An obstacle to SME-university partnering	p. 124
Germany	p. 125
Finland	p. 126
China encourages SMEs to engage with universities	p. 127
The Republic of Korea	p. 129
Taiwan	p. 129
Fostering SMEs in Singapore	p. 130
The example of Italy, another SME-intensive economy	p. 131
Chile	p. 133
Not-for-product development alone	p. 133
A synthesis from Canada	p. 135
Policies in favor of SMEs: room for improvement	p. 136
Chapter 6 Best practices for firm-university partnerships	p. 139
General prerequisites for firms	p. 139
IP policy	p. 141
Evaluation of universities	p. 142
Seed funding	p. 142
Public procurement	p. 143
Comparing Europe and North America for their performance in knowledge and technology transfer	p. 144
Assessing technology transfer: the case of Switzerland	p. 147
Technology licensing	p. 152
Conclusion: how can knowledge and technology transfer be optimally supported?	p. 161
Chapter 7 The way forward	p. 163
Large firms	p. 163
SMEs	p. 170
Universities	p. 172
Universities: changes over the long term	p. 180
Caveat: we need the independent voice of universities	p. 183
Conclusion	p. 183
Notes	p. 187
Select Bibliography	p. 193
Index	p. 197

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