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Summary
Summary
The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberalization has improved global efficiency in production and consumption. The strengthening of trade rules, however, has increased the scope for disputes over interpretations of more extensive and complicated agreements, and has spilt over into environmental and scientific matters.
One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This volume explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules.
The book is divided into sections dealing with:
accounting for risk in trade agreements risk and the WTO managing risk in policy making negotiating experience with risk national risks and quarantine standards managing biotechnology.The chapters offer many perspectives on risk assessment and benefit from a rich diversity of approaches as befits contributions from authors with backgrounds in law, economics, political science and environmental and natural science as well as policy making. Globalization and the Environment is a fascinating book that will draw its readership from these fields.
Author Notes
David Robertson is the John Gough Professor of International Trade in the Melbourne Business School at the University of Melbourne.
Aynsley Kellow is Professor of Government at the University of Tasmania, Australia.
Table of Contents
List of figures, tables and boxes | p. vii |
List of contributors | p. viii |
Preface and acknowledgements | p. ix |
Glossary and trade dispute cases | p. x |
1 Introduction: accounting for risk in trade agreements | p. 1 |
Part I Risk and the WTO | |
2 Risk and the WTO | p. 15 |
3 Risk, the environment and MEAs | p. 27 |
4 Risk management experience in WTO dispute settlement | p. 41 |
5 Applying SPS in WTO disputes | p. 63 |
Part II Managing Risk in Policymaking | |
6 Risk assessment and risk management in policymaking | p. 81 |
7 Allowing for risk in setting standards | p. 95 |
8 Public perceptions, risk communication and biotechnology | p. 106 |
Part III Negotiating Experience with Risk | |
9 Accounting for risk in multilateral negotiations | p. 119 |
10 Reducing chemical risks: OECD and lead | p. 135 |
Part IV National Risks and Quarantine Standards | |
11 National risk management and the SPS agreement | p. 155 |
12 Risk and protection for grains: analysis and quarantine | p. 169 |
13 A business view of quarantine | p. 182 |
Part V Managing Biotechnology | |
14 Government regulations and genetically-modified organisms | p. 191 |
15 GM foods and global trade | p. 206 |
Part VI Concluding Summary | |
16 Trade and risk management: exploring the issues | p. 229 |
Appendix | p. 249 |
Index | p. 253 |