Terrestrial trunked radio - TETRA : a global security tool

Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) has become the tool to design any type of public security systems, in particular due to the strongly increased security demands for mobile systems. In this book, the authors show how TETRA can be strongly improved and these improvements will most probably be part of future TETRA standards. The areas examined include channel assignment and multiple access techniques, video transmission, wireless LAN integration, and the establishment of multiple wireless mesh networks. Since the requirements for these networks is security, the authors show that innovative techniques such as those based on chaotic signals can be used in order to maximize security.

The book is a vital reference point for researchers with ambition to find the general solution for modern problems of public safety.

Author Notes

Peter Stavroulakis received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from New York University.

Stavroulakis is a professor in electrical engineering at the Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece. He is the founder of the Telecommunications Systems Institute of Crete. He is a senior member of IEEE.

050

1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Why TETRA	p. 1
References	p. 4
2 Modem Security Requirements in Private Mobile Communications Systems	p. 5
2.1 Introduction	p. 5
2.2 PMR Systems [1]	p. 6
2.2.1 PMR Configurations	p. 6
2.2.2 Comparison Between PMR and Cellular [2]	p. 11
2.2.3 PMR Standards [1]	p. 14
2.3 PMR Limitations [4]	p. 28
2.3.1 Edge of Coverage Voice Quality	p. 28
2.3.2 Requirements of PMR Services	p. 33
2.3.3 Interoperability [6]	p. 37
References	p. 42
3 TETRA Providing an Acceptable Security System Solution	p. 43
3.1 Introduction	p. 43
3.2 Hierarchical analysis	p. 44
3.2.1 Air interface specifications	p. 44
3.2.2 GSM ASCI	p. 45
3.2.3 Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP)	p. 45
3.2.4 Voice Group Call Service (VGCS)	p. 46
3.2.5 Voice Broadcast Service (VBS)	p. 47
3.3 TETRA	p. 47
3.3.1 Comparison of specified features	p. 48
3.3.2 Technical analysis	p. 49
References	p. 66
4 Channel Assignment and Multiple Access in Trunking Radio Systems [1]	p. 67
4.1 Channel Assignment Techniques [1]	p. 67
4.1.1 Introduction	p. 67
4.1.2 Channel Allocation Schemes	p. 68
4.2 Channel Assignment Optimization	p. 80
4.2.1 Introduction	p. 80
4.2.2 Model Formulation	p. 80
4.2.3 One Layer Architecture using Erlang Model	p. 82
4.2.4 Channel Assignment Scheme based on a Three Layer Architecture	p. 84
4.2.5 Comparison of One layer with Three Layer Architecture	p. 90
4.3 Multiple Access Techniques	p. 102
4.3.1 CDMA Techniques in TETRA systems	p. 102
References	p. 126
5 Video Transmission over TETRA	p. 133
5.1 Introduction	p. 133
5.2 Evolution of Public Safety Mobile Networks	p. 134
5.2.1 Evolving Data services for public safety	p. 135
5.2.2 The TETRA solution to PSDR communication environment	p. 136
5.2.3 The Market Considerations	p. 138
5.2.4 TETRA Enhanced Data Service-TEDS	p. 139
5.3 Overview of DATA Transmission over TETRA	p. 141
5.3.1 TETRA (V+D) Technical Characteristics	p. 141
5.3.2 TETRA Network Services	p. 147
5.3.3 High Speed Data service provisioning	p. 149
5.4 Video Encoding Techniques	p. 151
5.4.1 Background	p. 151
5.4.2 Compression standards overview	p. 153
5.4.3 Encrypted Video over TETRA	p. 170
5.5 Performance Analysis of video broadcasting over TETRA	p. 174
5.5.1 Performance Evaluation	p. 175
5.5.3 Video Quality Measurements	p. 178
5.6 Vision for Future Public Safety Communication Systems	p. 181
5.6.1 Future Trends	p. 181
5.6.2 All-IP convergence	p. 182
5.6.3 TETRA - TEDS interoperability	p. 183
5.6.4 TETRA over IP	p. 183
5.6.5 Integrated TETRA-WLAN system	p. 184
5.7 Conclusions	p. 186
References	p. 188
6 TETRA as a Gateway to Other Wireless Systems	p. 190
6.1 Introduction	p. 191
6.2 TETRA Air Interface: Logical and Physical Channels	p. 192
6.2.1 Logical Channels	p. 193
6.2.2 Physical channels	p. 194
6.3 TETRA Packet Data Transmission	p. 195
6.3.1 Packet Data transmission and reception procedures	p. 198
6.3.2 TETRA IP user authentication	p. 202
6.4 SNDCP states and state transitions	p. 205
6.5 UDP versus TCP on top of TETRA IP laye	p. 211
6.6 TETRA Packet Data modems	p. 213
6.6.1 Types of Packet-data Mobile Stations	p. 214
6.7 TETRA and WLAN Integration for Improving Packet-Data Transmission Capabilities	p. 216
6.7.1 Integrated WLAN/TETRA System Overview	p. 220
6.8 System Architecture	p. 223
6.8.1 Architecture Elements and Interfaces	p. 223
6.8.2 Protocol Architecture	p. 225
6.8.3 Packet Structure	p. 227
6.8.4 WLAN Association and TETRA Location Update Procedure	p. 228
6.8.5 Group Call Initiation and Participation	p. 230
6.9 Conclusions	p. 231
References	p. 233
7 TETRA as a Building block to WMNs	p. 235
7.1 Introduction	p. 235
7.1.1 Requirements	p. 239
7.1.2 Discussion	p. 244
7.2 Wireless Mesh Networks	p. 245
7.2.1 Definition and classification of WMNs	p. 245
7.2.2 MANET routing protocols	p. 246
7.2.3 Influence of routing protocols on network performance	p. 253
7.2.4 Multicast in WMNs	p. 259
7.3 TETRA DMO	p. 263
7.3 1DMO overview	p. 263
7.4 TETRA Release 2	p. 273
7.5 TETRA extensions for building WMNs	p. 275
7.5.1 Routing capabilities	p. 277
7.5.2 Wireless Interface	p. 283
7.5.3 Overview of network performance figures	p. 287
7.6 Conclusion	p. 293
References	p. 295
Appendix	p. 299

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