Hydrology : an introduction

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Title:

Personal Author:

Brutsaert, Wilfried, 1934-

Publication Information:

Cambridge : Cambridge Univeristy Press, 2005

ISBN:

9780521824798

Subject Term:

Hydrology

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Water in its different forms has always been a source of wonder, curiosity and practical concern for humans everywhere. Hydrology: An Introduction presents a coherent introduction to the fundamental principles of hydrology, based on the course that Wilfried Brutsaert has taught at Cornell University for the last thirty years. Hydrologic phenomena are dealt with at spatial and temporal scales at which they occur in nature. The physics and mathematics necessary to describe these phenomena are introduced and developed, and readers will require a working knowledge of calculus and basic fluid mechanics. The book will be invaluable as a textbook for entry-level courses in hydrology directed at advanced seniors and graduate students in physical science and engineering. In addition, the book will be more broadly of interest to professional scientists and engineers in hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, agronomy, geology, climatology, oceanology, glaciology and other earth sciences.

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Brutsaert (engineering, Cornell Univ.) has provided a fine work and resource volume that will be useful to professionals for its comprehensive treatment of hydrologic science. In 14 chapters it follows the predictable pattern of most treatments of hydrology. An introduction to the global water cycle is followed by four sections treating water in the atmosphere, on the ground surface, and below the surface, and catchment-scale responses to precipitation. A chapter on the history of hydrology and an appendix of mathematical concepts complete the volume. The text is clear and well produced, with advanced material that might be omitted from an undergraduate course clearly identified throughout. This reviewer's only disappointment is the volume's apparent failure to treat snow and ice beyond comments on rain gauge performance. In fact, "snow" does not appear in the index. Given the importance of the solid phase in so many parts of the hydrologic cycle, this omission is surprising. Beyond that surprise, however, the author has provided a fine resource that should be available to researchers in environmental sciences, earth sciences, and water resources, as well as to hydrologists. ^BSumming Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals. N. Caine University of Colorado at Boulder

Foreword	p. ix
Note on the text	p. xii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Definition and scope	p. 1
1.2 The hydrologic cycle	p. 2
1.3 Some estimates of the global water balance	p. 3
1.4 Methodologies and procedures	p. 7
1.5 Conservation laws: the equations of motion	p. 12
References	p. 18
Problems	p. 19
Part I Water in the atmosphere
2 Water aloft: fluid mechanics of the lower atmosphere	p. 23
2.1 Water vapor in air	p. 23
2.2 Hydrostatics and atmospheric stability	p. 28
2.3 Turbulent transport of water vapor	p. 34
2.4 The atmospheric boundary layer	p. 36
2.5 Turbulence similarity	p. 41
2.6 Surface boundary condition: the energy budget constraint	p. 55
References	p. 72
Problems	p. 76
3 Precipitation	p. 79
3.1 Formation of precipitation	p. 79
3.2 Major precipitation weather systems	p. 82
3.3 Precipitation distribution on the ground	p. 92
3.4 Interception	p. 100
3.5 Reliability of operational precipitation measurements	p. 106
References	p. 111
Problems	p. 116
4 Evaporation	p. 117
4.1 Evaporation mechanisms	p. 117
4.2 Mass transfer formulations	p. 118
4.3 Energy budget and related formulations	p. 123
4.4 Water budget methods	p. 142
4.5 Evaporation climatology	p. 148
References	p. 151
Problems	p. 156
Part II Water on the surface
5 Water on the land surface: fluid mechanics of free surface flow	p. 161
5.1 Free surface flow	p. 161
5.2 Hydraulic theory: shallow water equations	p. 163
5.3 Friction slope	p. 167
5.4 General considerations and some features of free surface flow	p. 174
References	p. 194
Problems	p. 196
6 Overland flow	p. 198
6.1 The standard formulation	p. 198
6.2 Kinematic wave approach	p. 201
6.3 Lumped kinematic approach	p. 210
References	p. 213
Problems	p. 213
7 Streamflow routing	p. 216
7.1 Two extreme cases of large flood wave propagation	p. 217
7.2 A lumped kinematic approach: the Muskingum method	p. 224
7.3 Estimation of the Muskingum parameters	p. 232
References	p. 241
Problems	p. 242
Part III Water below the surface
8 Water beneath the ground: fluid mechanics in porous materials	p. 249
8.1 Porous materials	p. 249
8.2 Hydrostatics of pore-filling water in the presence of air	p. 251
8.3 Water transport in a porous material	p. 268
8.4 Field equations of mass and momentum conservation	p. 287
References	p. 298
Problems	p. 303
9 Infiltration and related unsaturated flows	p. 307
9.1 General features of the infiltration phenomenon	p. 307
9.2 Infiltration in the absence of gravity: sorption	p. 310
9.3 Infiltration capacity	p. 326
9.4 Rain infiltration	p. 332
9.5 Catchment-scale infiltration and other "losses"	p. 343
9.6 Capillary rise and evaporation at the soil surface	p. 346
References	p. 357
Problems	p. 361
10 Groundwater outflow and base flow	p. 366
10.1 Flow in an unconfined riparian aquifer	p. 366
10.2 Free surface flow: a first approximation	p. 377
10.3 Hydraulic groundwater theory: a second approximation	p. 382
10.4 Linearized hydraulic groundwater theory: a third approximation	p. 398
10.5 Kinematic wave in sloping aquifers: a fourth approximation	p. 415
10.6 Catchment-scale base flow parameterizations	p. 416
References	p. 431
Problems	p. 433
Part IV Flows at the catchment scale in response to precipitation
11 Streamflow generation: mechanisms and parameterization	p. 441
11.1 Riparian areas and headwater basins	p. 441
11.2 Storm runoff mechanisms in riparian areas	p. 443
11.3 Summary of mechanisms and parameterization options	p. 457
References	p. 461
12 Streamflow response at the catchment scale	p. 465
12.1 Stationary linear response: the unit hydrograph	p. 465
12.2 Identification of linear response functions	p. 472
12.3 Stationary nonlinear lumped response	p. 493
12.4 Non-stationary linear response	p. 498
References	p. 501
Problems	p. 503
13 Elements of frequency analysis in hydrology	p. 509
13.1 Random variables and probability	p. 509
13.2 Summary descriptors of a probability distribution function	p. 511
13.3 Some probability distributions for discrete variables	p. 519
13.4 Some probability distributions for continuous variables	p. 523
13.5 Extension of available records	p. 543
References	p. 550
Problems	p. 553
14 Afterword - a short historical sketch of theories about the water circulation on Earth	p. 557
14.1 Earliest concepts: the atmospheric water cycle	p. 557
14.2 Greek antiquity	p. 559
14.3 The Latin era	p. 566
14.4 From philosophy to science by experimentation	p. 572
14.5 Closing comments	p. 585
References	p. 586
Appendix Some useful mathematical concepts	p. 590
A1 Differentiation of an integral	p. 590
A2 The general response of a linear stationary system	p. 590
A3 The general response of a nonlinear system	p. 597
References	p. 598

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