Cardiovascular effects of inhaled ultrafine and nano-sized particles

This book assists scientists, toxicologists, clinicians, and public health regulators to understand the complex issues that determine the impact of air pollution on the cardiovascular system. It covers a range of relevant topics including particulate matter (PM) sources and characterization, methods of exposure, impact of PM on cells and systems, role of particles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, risk assessment, and potential environmental and therapeutic interventions.

Author Notes

Flemming R. Cassee is head of the Department of Inhalation Toxicology, deputy head of the Center for Environmental Health, and leader of the program on air pollution and health at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Nicholas L. Mills is a British Heart Foundation Clinical Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and Specialist Registrar in Cardiology at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.
David E. Newby is the British Heart Foundation John Wheatley Chair of Cardiology at the University of Edinburgh. He is a Consultant Interventional Cardiologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Director of the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Director of the Clinical Research Imaging Centre, and Director of Research and Development for NHS Lothian.

Flemming R. Cassee and Morton LippmannKrishnan Bhaskaran and Shakoor Hajat and Liam SmeethRanjini M. Krishnan and Joel Kaufman and Gerard HoekThomas A.J. Kuhlbusch and Christof AsbachTimo Lanki and Josef Cyrys and H.-Erich Wichmann and Jeroen de HartogWerner Hofmann and Bahman AsgharianWolfgang G. Kreyling and Winfried Möller and Otmar Schmid and Manuela Semmler-Behnke and Günter OberdörsterAndrew J. Ghio and Yuh-Chin T. HuangPer E. Schwarze and Gerrit M. AlinkUrmila P. Kodavanti and Lung-Chi Chen and Daniel L. CostaJeremy P. Langrish and Mark W. Frampton and Anders BlombergJoel SchwartzSteffen Loft and Roel P.F. Schins and Peter MøllerThomas Sandström and David NewbyCarlijne Hassing and Maarten J.M. Cramer and Marcel Th.B. TwiklerBarbara Hoffmann and Nino KünzliLaurel E. Plummer and Kent E. Pinkerton and Amy K. Madl and Dennis W. WilsonRobert D. Brook and Sanjay RajagopalanNicholas L. Mills and Mark R. MillerEvren Kilinç and Goran Rudez and Henri M.H. Spronk and Abderrahim Nemmar and Moniek P.M. de Maat and Hugo ten Cate and Marc F. HoylaertsQinghua Sun and Xiaohua XuSwapna Upadhyay and Alison Elder and Wayne E. Cascio and Holger SchulzHelen C. Routledge and Jonathan N. TownendRobert L. Maynard and Jon G. AyresRichard Damberg and Klaas Krijgsheld and May Ajero and Sophie PunteKen Donaldson and David B. Warheit

Foreword	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
The Editors	p. xiii
Contributors	p. xv
Part I Issue Framing
Chapter 1 Overview	p. 3
Chapter 2 Acute Effects of Particulate Matter on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction	p. 23
Chapter 3 Chronic Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Health	p. 45
Part II Exposure
Chapter 4 Particle Characterization	p. 61
Chapter 5 Exposure Assessment for Ambient Ultrafine Particles	p. 89
Chapter 6 From Exposure to Dose	p. 109
Chapter 7 Translocation of Inhaled Nanoparticles	p. 125
Chapter 8 Role of Chemical Composition in Determining the Cardiovascular Effects of Particles	p. 145
Part III Methodology
Chapter 9 In Vitro Studies	p. 171
Chapter 10 Experimental Studies in Animals	p. 185
Chapter 11 Human Exposure Studies	p. 217
Chapter 12 Panel Studies	p. 241
Part IV Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms A. Atherogenesis
Chapter 13 Particulates and Oxidative Stress	p. 251
Chapter 14 Role of Inflammation in the Atherogenic Effects of Particulate Matter	p. 273
Chapter 15 Inhaled Particles, Postprandial Lipids, and Their Possible Contribution to Atherogenesis: the Trojan Horse Hypothesis	p. 287
Chapter 16 Inhaled Particulate Matter and Atherosclerosis in Humans	p. 295
Part IV Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms B. Vascular Dysfunction
Chapter 17 Effects of Nanoparticles on the Pulmonary Vasculature	p. 319
Chapter 18 Particulate Matter, Hypertension, and the Metabolic Syndrome	p. 351
Chapter 19 Particles and the Vascular Endothelium	p. 379
Part IV Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms C. Thrombosis
Chapter 20 Particles, Coagulation, and Thrombosis	p. 405
Chapter 21 Particles and the Pathogenesis of Atherothrombosis	p. 421
Part IV Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms D. Arrhythmia
Chapter 22 Particles and the Autonomic Nervous System	p. 441
Chapter 23 Air Pollution and Arrhythmia	p. 467
Part V Environmental and Public Health Policy
Chapter 24 Risk Assessment	p. 485
Chapter 25 Environmental Regulation of Particulate Matter	p. 497
Chapter 26 From Ambient Ultrafine Particles to Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology	p. 525
Index	p. 54

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Table of Contents