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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... | 30000004521054 | TD899.C5 C49 1995 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
The purpose of this book is to provide a base of information and analysis to assist in implementation of the policy of reducing and/or minimizing hazardous waste generation in manufacturing and more specifically in the process industries. What is the significance of reducing the generation of all process wastes? This book examines the technical nature of waste reduction and the extent to which waste reduction can likely be implemented. Also explored is the extent to which technology itself, as well as information and resources, is a barrier to waste reduction. In what ways are waste reduction decisions dependent on specific circumstances? Can the amount of feasible waste reduction be estimated? Auditing of manufacturing and unit operations and processes are particularly significant and useful in the chemical process industries (food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fertilizer, petrochemicals, etc.) since it is estimated that these industries account for more than half of the hazardous wastes generated. This book presents a compilation of complete information on potential sources of waste loss or generation through technical inspection. Also presented are calculation methods for determining air-waste-solid wastes material balances, informational requirements and waste reduction analysis.The reader should find the book useful in the areas of auditing and waste minimization. It is replete with useful information as well as specific case histories, which should make it a practical tool for the user.
Table of Contents
| 1 Waste Reduction Overview |
| 2 Auditing |
| Environmental Factors and Audit Summary Checklist |
| Overview |
| 3 Waste Minimization Data/Information Requirements-A General Approach for Manufacturing |
| Getting Started |
| List Process Steps and Identify Wasteful Streams |
| Analyzing Process Steps-Preparing process Flow Charts |
| Material and Energy Balances |
| Environmental Aspects |
| Implementation Solutions |
| Audit Studies-Summary Section |
| Identification Required of Water Pollution Sources for Waste Reduction/Minimization Potentials |
| 4 Estimating Releases to the Environment |
| Data to be Determined |
| Sources of Wastes/Releases |
| Overview of Analysis |
| Definitions of Major Approaches |
| Observations on the Use of Data |
| Approach to Use |
| Estimating Releases to Air |
| Sources of Release to Air and Release Estimation Methods |
| 5 Waste Questionaires |
| Water Control Checklist |
| Model Questionnaires |
| Air Pollution Control Questionnaire |
| Solid and Hazardous Waste Questionnaire |
| Environmentally Safe Layout for Manufacturing Units |
| Guidelines to Minimize Material Losses and Wastes |
| How to Reduce Raw Material Losses |
| How to Reduce Water Usage and Waste-water Generation in Process Streams |
| How to Reduce Emissions |
| 6 Analysis of Process Chemistry: Example Processes |
| Acetic Acid by Methanol Carbonylation |
| Acetaldehyde by Liquid-Phase Ethylene Oxidation |
| Process Descriptions for Oxidizing Ethylene to Acetaldehyde |
| Process Chemistry |
| 7 Industry Profile-Fertilizers |
| Introduction |
| A Manufacturing Processes |
| Generation of Impurities and Pollutants Pollutant Parameters-Effects Abatement of Pollution |
| In-plant Pollution Control |
| 8 Treatment of Effluent-Fertilizer Industry Example |
