Cosmology : the origin and evolution of cosmic structure

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Title:

Personal Author:

Coles, Peter

Publication Information:

New York : John Wiley & Sons, 2002

ISBN:

9780471489092

Subject Term:

Cosmology

Big bang theory

Added Author:

Lucchin, Francesco

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004809962	QB981 C64 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This is the 2nd edition of a highly successful title on this fascinating and complex subject. Concentrating primarily on the theory behind the origin and the evolution of the universe, and where appropriate relating it to observation, the new features of the this addition include: An overall introduction to the book Two new chapters: Gravitational Lensing and Gravitational Waves Each part has a collection of exercises with solutions to numerical parts at the end of the book Contains a table of physical constants The addition of a consolidated bibilography

Author Notes

Peter Coles was born in 1963. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Cambridge and his doctorate from the University of Sussex. He is a professor of Astrophysics at Cardiff University. His primary subject of interest is Cosmology and he has written numerous books on the subject.

(Bowker Author Biography)

Reviews 1

Choice Review

The publisher's blurb describes this book well: "[It provides] a unique bridge between introductory and advanced material. It is accessible to advanced undergraduates and beginning postgraduates, but also contains a wealth of material which will be of great interest to more established researchers in the field." Coles and Lucchin overview different models of the universe and discuss the big bang and the origin of structure in the universe in great detail. At the end, they compare these theories with observational data in an unusually thoughtful manner for a book devoted primarily to theory. The writing is clear, authoritative, and concise, and there is a good list of references. The book would have been even more valuable if it had included problems and more illustrations. Recommended for libraries supporting astronomy programs at the upper-division undergraduate level and higher. T. Barker Wheaton College (MA)

Preface to First Edition	p. xi
Preface to Second Edition	p. xix
Part 1 Cosmological Models	p. 1
1 First Principles	p. 3
1.1 The Cosmological Principle	p. 3
1.2 Fundamentals of General Relativity	p. 6
1.3 The Robertson-Walker Metric	p. 9
1.4 The Hubble Law	p. 13
1.5 Redshift	p. 16
1.6 The Deceleration Parameter	p. 17
1.7 Cosmological Distances	p. 18
1.8 The m-z and N-z Relations	p. 20
1.9 Olbers' Paradox	p. 22
1.10 The Friedmann Equations	p. 23
1.11 A Newtonian Approach	p. 24
1.12 The Cosmological Constant	p. 26
1.13 Friedmann Models	p. 29
2 The Friedmann Models	p. 33
2.1 Perfect Fluid Models	p. 33
2.2 Flat Models	p. 36
2.3 Curved Models: General Properties	p. 38
2.3.1 Open models	p. 39
2.3.2 Closed models	p. 40
2.4 Dust Models	p. 40
2.4.1 Open models	p. 41
2.4.2 Closed models	p. 41
2.4.3 General properties	p. 42
2.5 Radiative Models	p. 43
2.5.1 Open models	p. 43
2.5.2 Closed models	p. 44
2.5.3 General properties	p. 44
2.6 Evolution of the Density Parameter	p. 44
2.7 Cosmological Horizons	p. 45
2.8 Models with a Cosmological Constant	p. 49
3 Alternative Cosmologies	p. 51
3.1 Anisotropic and Inhomogeneous Cosmologies	p. 52
3.1.1 The Bianchi models	p. 52
3.1.2 Inhomogeneous models	p. 55
3.2 The Steady-State Model	p. 57
3.3 The Dirac Theory	p. 59
3.4 Brans-Dicke Theory	p. 61
3.5 Variable Constants	p. 63
3.6 Hoyle-Narlikar (Conformal) Gravity	p. 64
4 Observational Properties of the Universe	p. 67
4.1 Introduction	p. 67
4.1.1 Units	p. 67
4.1.2 Galaxies	p. 69
4.1.3 Active galaxies and quasars	p. 70
4.1.4 Galaxy clustering	p. 72
4.2 The Hubble Constant	p. 75
4.3 The Distance Ladder	p. 79
4.4 The Age of the Universe	p. 83
4.4.1 Theory	p. 83
4.4.2 Stellar and galactic ages	p. 84
4.4.3 Nucleocosmochronology	p. 84
4.5 The Density of the Universe	p. 86
4.5.1 Contributions to the density parameter	p. 86
4.5.2 Galaxies	p. 88
4.5.3 Clusters of galaxies	p. 89
4.6 Deviations from the Hubble Expansion	p. 92
4.7 Classical Cosmology	p. 94
4.7.1 Standard candles	p. 95
4.7.2 Angular sizes	p. 97
4.7.3 Number-counts	p. 99
4.7.4 Summary	p. 100
4.8 The Cosmic Microwave Background	p. 100
Part 2 The Hot Big Bang Model	p. 107
5 Thermal History of the Hot Big Bang Model	p. 109
5.1 The Standard Hot Big Bang	p. 109
5.2 Recombination and Decoupling	p. 111
5.3 Matter-Radiation Equivalence	p. 112
5.4 Thermal History of the Universe	p. 113
5.5 Radiation Entropy per Baryon	p. 115
5.6 Timescales in the Standard Model	p. 116
6 The Very Early Universe	p. 119
6.1 The Big Bang Singularity	p. 119
6.2 The Planck Time	p. 122
6.3 The Planck Era	p. 123
6.4 Quantum Cosmology	p. 126
6.5 String Cosmology	p. 128
7 Phase Transitions and Inflation	p. 131
7.1 The Hot Big Bang	p. 131
7.2 Fundamental Interactions	p. 133
7.3 Physics of Phase Transitions	p. 136
7.4 Cosmological Phase Transitions	p. 138
7.5 Problems of the Standard Model	p. 141
7.6 The Monopole Problem	p. 143
7.7 The Cosmological Constant Problem	p. 145
7.8 The Cosmological Horizon Problem	p. 147
7.8.1 The problem	p. 147
7.8.2 The inflationary solution	p. 149
7.9 The Cosmological Flatness Problem	p. 152
7.9.1 The problem	p. 152
7.9.2 The inflationary solution	p. 154
7.10 The Inflationary Universe	p. 156
7.11 Types of Inflation	p. 160
7.11.1 Old inflation	p. 160
7.11.2 New inflation	p. 161
7.11.3 Chaotic inflation	p. 161
7.11.4 Stochastic inflation	p. 162
7.11.5 Open inflation	p. 162
7.11.6 Other models	p. 163
7.12 Successes and Problems of Inflation	p. 163
7.13 The Anthropic Cosmological Principle	p. 164
8 The Lepton Era	p. 167
8.1 The Quark-Hadron Transition	p. 167
8.2 Chemical Potentials	p. 168
8.3 The Lepton Era	p. 171
8.4 Neutrino Decoupling	p. 172
8.5 The Cosmic Neutrino Background	p. 173
8.6 Cosmological Nucleosynthesis	p. 176
8.6.1 General considerations	p. 176
8.6.2 The standard nucleosynthesis model	p. 177
8.6.3 The neutron-proton ratio	p. 178
8.6.4 Nucleosynthesis of Helium	p. 179
8.6.5 Other elements	p. 181
8.6.6 Observations: Helium 4	p. 182
8.6.7 Observations: Deuterium	p. 183
8.6.8 Helium 3	p. 184
8.6.9 Lithium 7	p. 185
8.6.10 Observations versus theory	p. 185
8.7 Non-standard Nucleosynthesis	p. 186
9 The Plasma Era	p. 191
9.1 The Radiative Era	p. 191
9.2 The Plasma Epoch	p. 192
9.3 Hydrogen Recombination	p. 194
9.4 The Matter Era	p. 195
9.5 Evolution of the CMB Spectrum	p. 197
Part 3 Theory of Structure Formation	p. 203
10 Introduction to Jeans Theory	p. 205
10.1 Gravitational Instability	p. 205
10.2 Jeans Theory for Collisional Fluids	p. 206
10.3 Jeans Instability in Collisionless Fluids	p. 210
10.4 History of Jeans Theory in Cosmology	p. 212
10.5 The Effect of Expansion: an Approximate Analysis	p. 213
10.6 Newtonian Theory in a Dust Universe	p. 215
10.7 Solutions for the Flat Dust Case	p. 218
10.8 The Growth Factor	p. 219
10.9 Solution for Radiation-Dominated Universes	p. 221
10.10 The Method of Autosolution	p. 223
10.11 The Meszaros Effect	p. 225
10.12 Relativistic Solutions	p. 227
11 Gravitational Instability of Baryonic Matter	p. 229
11.1 Introduction	p. 229
11.2 Adiabatic and Isothermal Perturbations	p. 230
11.3 Evolution of the Sound Speed and Jeans Mass	p. 231
11.4 Evolution of the Horizon Mass	p. 233
11.5 Dissipation of Acoustic Waves	p. 234
11.6 Dissipation of Adiabatic Perturbations	p. 237
11.7 Radiation Drag	p. 240
11.8 A Two-Fluid Model	p. 241
11.9 The Kinetic Approach	p. 244
11.10 Summary	p. 248
12 Non-baryonic Matter	p. 251
12.1 Introduction	p. 251
12.2 The Boltzmann Equation for Cosmic Relics	p. 252
12.3 Hot Thermal Relics	p. 253
12.4 Cold Thermal Relics	p. 255
12.5 The Jeans Mass	p. 256
12.6 Implications	p. 259
12.6.1 Hot Dark Matter	p. 260
12.6.2 Cold Dark Matter	p. 261
12.6.3 Summary	p. 262
13 Cosmological Perturbations	p. 263
13.1 Introduction	p. 263
13.2 The Perturbation Spectrum	p. 264
13.3 The Mass Variance	p. 266
13.3.1 Mass scales and filtering	p. 266
13.3.2 Properties of the filtered field	p. 268
13.3.3 Problems with filters	p. 270
13.4 Types of Primordial Spectra	p. 271
13.5 Spectra at Horizon Crossing	p. 275
13.6 Fluctuations from Inflation	p. 276
13.7 Gaussian Density Perturbations	p. 279
13.8 Covariance Functions	p. 281
13.9 Non-Gaussian Fluctuations?	p. 284
14 Nonlinear Evolution	p. 287
14.1 The Spherical 'Top-Hat' Collapse	p. 287
14.2 The Zel'dovich Approximation	p. 290
14.3 The Adhesion Model	p. 294
14.4 Self-similar Evolution	p. 296
14.4.1 A simple model	p. 296
14.4.2 Stable clustering	p. 299
14.4.3 Scaling of the power spectrum	p. 300
14.4.4 Comments	p. 301
14.5 The Mass Function	p. 301
14.6 N-Body Simulations	p. 304
14.6.1 Direct summation	p. 305
14.6.2 Particle-mesh techniques	p. 306
14.6.3 Tree codes	p. 309
14.6.4 Initial conditions and boundary effects	p. 309
14.7 Gas Physics	p. 310
14.7.1 Cooling	p. 310
14.7.2 Numerical hydrodynamics	p. 312
14.8 Biased Galaxy Formation	p. 314
14.9 Galaxy Formation	p. 318
14.10 Comments	p. 321
15 Models of Structure Formation	p. 323
15.1 Introduction	p. 323
15.2 Historical Prelude	p. 324
15.3 Gravitational Instability in Brief	p. 326
15.4 Primordial Density Fluctuations	p. 327
15.5 The Transfer Function	p. 328
15.6 Beyond Linear Theory	p. 330
15.7 Recipes for Structure Formation	p. 331
15.8 Comments	p. 334
Part 4 Observational Tests	p. 335
16 Statistics of Galaxy Clustering	p. 337
16.1 Introduction	p. 337
16.2 Correlation Functions	p. 339
16.3 The Limber Equation	p. 342
16.4 Correlation Functions: Results	p. 344
16.4.1 Two-point correlations	p. 344
16.5 The Hierarchical Model	p. 346
16.5.1 Comments	p. 348
16.6 Cluster Correlations and Biasing	p. 350
16.7 Counts in Cells	p. 352
16.8 The Power Spectrum	p. 355
16.9 Polyspectra	p. 356
16.10 Percolation Analysis	p. 359
16.11 Topology	p. 361
16.12 Comments	p. 365
17 The Cosmic Microwave Background	p. 367
17.1 Introduction	p. 367
17.2 The Angular Power Spectrum	p. 368
17.3 The CMB Dipole	p. 371
17.4 Large Angular Scales	p. 374
17.4.1 The Sachs-Wolfe effect	p. 374
17.4.2 The COBE DMR experiment	p. 377
17.4.3 Interpretation of the COBE results	p. 379
17.5 Intermediate Scales	p. 380
17.6 Smaller Scales: Extrinsic Effects	p. 385
17.7 The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect	p. 389
17.8 Current Status	p. 391
18 Peculiar Motions of Galaxies	p. 393
18.1 Velocity Perturbations	p. 393
18.2 Velocity Correlations	p. 396
18.3 Bulk Flows	p. 398
18.4 Velocity-Density Reconstruction	p. 400
18.5 Redshift-Space Distortions	p. 402
18.6 Implications for [Omegan subscript 0]	p. 405
19 Gravitational Lensing	p. 409
19.1 Historical Prelude	p. 409
19.2 Basic Gravitational Optics	p. 412
19.3 More Complicated Systems	p. 415
19.4 Applications	p. 418
19.4.1 Microlensing	p. 418
19.4.2 Multiple images	p. 419
19.4.3 Arcs, arclets and cluster masses	p. 420
19.4.4 Weak lensing by large-scale structure	p. 421
19.4.5 The Hubble constant	p. 422
19.5 Comments	p. 423
20 The High-Redshift Universe	p. 425
20.1 Introduction	p. 425
20.2 Quasars	p. 426
20.3 The Intergalactic Medium (IGM)	p. 428
20.3.1 Quasar spectra	p. 428
20.3.2 The Gunn-Peterson test	p. 428
20.3.3 Absorption line systems	p. 430
20.3.4 X-ray gas in clusters	p. 432
20.3.5 Spectral distortions of the CMB	p. 432
20.3.6 The X-ray background	p. 433
20.4 The Infrared Background and Dust	p. 434
20.5 Number-counts Revisited	p. 437
20.6 Star and Galaxy Formation	p. 438
20.7 Concluding Remarks	p. 444
21 A Forward Look	p. 447
21.1 Introduction	p. 447
21.2 General Observations	p. 448
21.3 X-rays and the Hot Universe	p. 449
21.4 The Apotheosis of Astrometry: GAIA	p. 450
21.5 The Next Generation Space Telescope: NGST	p. 452
21.6 Extremely Large Telescopes	p. 453
21.7 Far-IR and Submillimetre Views of the Early Universe	p. 454
21.8 The Cosmic Microwave Background	p. 456
21.9 The Square Kilometre Array	p. 456
21.10 Gravitational Waves	p. 458
21.11 Sociology, Politics and Economics	p. 460
21.12 Conclusions	p. 461
Appendix A. Physical Constants	p. 463
Appendix B. Useful Astronomical Quantities	p. 465
Appendix C. Particle Properties	p. 467
References	p. 469
Index	p. 485

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