Cover image for The food chemistry laboratory : a manual for experimental foods, dietetisc and food scientist
Title:
The food chemistry laboratory : a manual for experimental foods, dietetisc and food scientist
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Publication Information:
Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2003
ISBN:
9780849312939
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30000010042474 TX541 W43 2003 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

A popular book in its first edition, The Food Chemistry Laboratory: A Manual for Experimental Foods, Dietetics, and Food Scientists, Second Edition continues to provide students with practical knowledge of the fundamentals of designing, executing, and reporting the results of a research project. Presenting experiments that can be completed, in many cases, without requiring extensive student laboratory facilities, the authors include new exercises in the areas of physical properties, lipids, proteins, and gelatin. Also new in this edition are a brief introduction to each laboratory exercise and a listing of materials needed, approximate time needed for completion, and possible complications and/or pitfalls.

Tested and refined for over 20 years, and performed by thousands of students, experiments are presented within 12 planned laboratory sessions. This flexible format allows you to create your own laboratory sessions by choosing the number and order of sessions and experiments to be performed. In addition to the well-tested experiments, The Food Chemistry Laboratory, Second Edition provides students with information on accessing food chemistry literature, research proposal preparation, preparing oral and written technical reports, and an evaluation score sheet. Guidelines for preparing laboratory notebooks are also included and a handy appendix allows rapid access to directions for setting up a difference testing experiment.


Table of Contents

1. Literature Searchp. 1
Abstracts and Indexesp. 1
Journalsp. 1
Advances and Reviewsp. 1
Generalp. 2
Internet Sources of Informationp. 2
2. Evaluation of Foodsp. 5
Colorp. 5
Texturep. 6
Flavorp. 6
3. Objective Methodsp. 9
4. Sensory Methodsp. 11
Developing Forms for Sensory Testsp. 12
5. Laboratory Notebookp. 15
Formatp. 15
Sample Tables as Reported in the Journal of Food Sciencep. 16
Graphs from the Journal of Food Sciencep. 18
6. Style Guide for Research Papersp. 21
Mission of IFT Scientific Journalsp. 21
General Editorial Policiesp. 21
Journal Sectionsp. 23
Manuscript Requirementsp. 24
Reference Formatp. 26
Editorial Review and Processingp. 27
Instructions for Submitting a Manuscriptp. 28
Presubmission Checklistp. 29
7. Individual Projectp. 31
Research Proposalp. 31
Oral Presentationp. 31
Written Presentationp. 32
Scorecard for Gradep. 34
8. Laboratory: Sensory Evaluation of Foodsp. 35
Experiment 1 Threshold Concentrations of the Primary Tastesp. 35
Experiment 2 Effect of Temperature on Tastep. 35
Experiment 3 Perception of Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)p. 36
Experiment 4 Comparison of Sweetness of Sugarsp. 36
Experiment 5 Identification of Samplesp. 37
Experiment 6A Difference Testingp. 38
Experiment 6B Descriptive Testsp. 39
Experiment 6C Affective Testsp. 39
Experiment 7 Adaptation of Receptorsp. 40
9. Laboratory: Objective Evaluation of Foodsp. 41
Texturep. 41
10. Laboratory: Physical Properties of Foodsp. 43
Water Activityp. 43
Viscosityp. 43
Specific Gravityp. 44
Experiment 1 Water Activityp. 44
Experiment 2 Viscosityp. 46
Experiment 3 Specific Gravity and Refractive Indexp. 46
11. Laboratory: Dispersion of Matterp. 49
Experiment 1 Solutionsp. 49
Experiment 2 Emulsionsp. 51
Experiment 3 Foaming Properties of Proteinsp. 53
12. Laboratory: Lipidsp. 55
Experiment 1 Odors and Physical State of Lipids and Fatty Acidsp. 55
Experiment 2 Solubility, Specific Gravity, and Refractive Indexp. 56
Experiment 3 Water-Absorbing Capacityp. 57
Experiment 4 Plasticity of Fatsp. 57
Experiment 5 Fat Bloom in Chocolatep. 58
Experiment 6 Oxidative Rancidityp. 59
13. Laboratory: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Maillard Browningp. 61
Experiment 1 Maillard Reactionp. 61
Experiment 2 Qualitative Test for Proteinp. 62
Experiment 3 Quantitative Determination of Protein in Foods by the Biuret Methodp. 64
Experiment 4 Effect of Heat on Proteinsp. 65
Experiment 5 Coagulation of Proteinsp. 66
Experiment 6 Effect of pH on Hydration of Meat Proteinsp. 67
Experiment 7 Spun Fiber Productionp. 68
Experiment 8 Effects of the Enzyme Rennin on Milk Proteinp. 68
14. Laboratory: Gelatinp. 71
Experiment 1 Effects of Variations in Gelatin Concentration, pH, Sucrose Concentration, and Presence of a Proteolytic Enzyme on Gelatin Gel Strengthp. 71
Experiment 2 Effect of In Situ Enzymes on Gelatin Gel Strengthp. 73
15. Laboratory: Carbohydratesp. 75
Experiment 1 Fehling's Test for Reducing Sugarsp. 75
Experiment 2 Microscopic Appearance of Starchp. 76
Experiment 3 Starch Gelsp. 77
Experiment 4 Viscosity Curves of Starch Pastesp. 78
16. Laboratory: Flour Mixturesp. 81
Experiment 1 Gluten Ballsp. 81
Experiment 2 Sugar Cookiesp. 82
Experiment 3 Chocolate Cakesp. 84
17. Laboratory: Pigmentsp. 87
Experiment 1 Color Reactions of Myoglobinp. 87
Experiment 2 The Effects of Heat and pH on Plant Pigmentsp. 88
Experiment 3 Separation of Pigments in a Green, Leafy Vegetablep. 90
Experiment 4 Enzymatic Browningp. 92
Experiment 5 Peroxidase Assay to Determine Adequacy of Blanchingp. 93
Experiment 6 Measurement of Color of Orangesp. 94
18. Laboratory: Pectinp. 97
Experiment 1 Histochemical Localization of Pectic Substancesp. 97
Experiment 2 Pectin Gelsp. 98
19. Laboratory: Synthesized Carbohydrate Food Gumsp. 103
Experiment 1 Dispersibility and Thermogelation of Cellulose Gumsp. 103
Experiment 2 Alginate Gelsp. 105
20. Equipment Guidep. 107
Brookfield Viscometer (Analog and Digital)p. 107
Compensating Polar Planimeterp. 109
Consistometer (Bostwick)p. 110
Hunter Colorimeterp. 111
Hydrometerp. 112
Instron Materials Testerp. 114
Jelmeterp. 115
Linespread Apparatusp. 116
Penetrometer or Compressometerp. 117
pH Meterp. 118
Reflectance Meter (Photovolt)p. 120
Refractometer (Abbe)p. 121
Seed Volume Apparatusp. 123
Shear Pressp. 124
Shortometerp. 125
Specific Gravity of Solidsp. 126
Spectrophotometerp. 126
Stable Micro Systems Texture Analyzerp. 127
Vernier Caliperp. 129
Visco/Amylo/GRAPHp. 130
Water Activity Systemp. 131
Appendixp. 133
Indexp. 135