Metallic chains/chains of metals

The present book describes a large variety of different types of chain systems (nanowires), including shorter chains that are artificially produced for instance in break-junction experiments, chains synthesized as guests inside the channels of a host crystal, crystalline chain compounds, organic polymers (synthetic metals), and charge-transfer salts, thus covering an unusual wealth of systems. Both experimental and theoretical studies are discussed. Particular emphasis is put on illustrating the special phenomena that occur in such quasi-one-dimensional systems, and how theoretical and experimental efforts have been used in identifying those properties that are specific for truly one-dimensional systems from those of quasi-one-dimensional systems. Moreover, it is shown that metallic chains can be found in a large range of systems, but also that chains of metals not always are metallic.

Author Notes

Since almost 25 years I have been working on theoretical studies of electronic and structural properties of atoms, molecules, clusters, colloids, polymers, chain compounds, surfaces, and crystals. I have an interdisciplinary background combining experience in chemistry and physics. My research has resulted in about 150 scientific papers and 2 textbooks.

I have a background in technical / applied chemistry but since five years been working on theoretical studies of electronic and structural properties of nanoparticles and chain compounds. Yi Dong and Michael Springborg are married to each other.

Preface	p. vii
Chapter 1 Metals and Chains?	p. 1
Chapter 2 Single-Particle Properties	p. 3
2.1 A simple model	p. 3
2.2 Extending the simple model	p. 6
2.3 Transmission and complex band structures	p. 11
2.4 Conduction	p. 14
2.5 Conclusions	p. 19
References	p. 19
Chapter 3 Many-Body Properties	p. 21
3.1 The electronic Schrodinger equation	p. 21
3.2 Hartree-Fock approaches	p. 23
3.3 Density-functional theory approaches	p. 25
3.4 Single-particle models	p. 27
3.5 Many-particle models	p. 28
3.6 The Hubbard and the extended Hubbard models for a chain	p. 28
3.7 The Luttinger liquid	p. 31
3.8 Conclusions	p. 34
References	p. 35
Chapter 4 The Jellium Model	p. 37
4.1 Chains of jellium	p. 38
4.2 Conclusions	p. 44
References	p. 44
Chapter 5 Gold Chains: The Prototype?	p. 45
5.1 The structure of a linear chain of Au atoms	p. 45
5.2 Conduction	p. 48
5.3 More complicated structures	p. 52
5.4 Chains containing other atoms	p. 63
5.5 Gold chains on surfaces - Luttinger liquids?	p. 65
5.6 Conclusions	p. 76
References	p. 77
Chapter 6 Chains of other sd Elements	p. 79
6.1 Ag	p. 79
6.2 Cu	p. 83
6.3 Hg, Cd, and Zn	p. 86
6.4 Pt	p. 87
6.5 Pd and Ni	p. 90
6.6 Ir, Rh, and Co	p. 91
6.7 Ru	p. 91
6.8 Nb	p. 92
6.9 Zr and Ti	p. 95
6.10 Conclusions	p. 95
References	p. 96
Chapter 7 Chains of sp Elements	p. 97
7.1 Al	p. 97
7.2 Ga, In, and Tl	p. 103
7.3 C	p. 105
7.4 Si, Ge, and Pb	p. 119
7.5 As and Bi	p. 123
7.6 S and Se	p. 124
7.7 Conclusions	p. 124
References	p. 127
Chapter 8 Chains of s Elements	p. 131
8.1 Na	p. 131
8.2 Li, K, Rb, and Cs	p. 137
8.3 Conclusions	p. 139
References	p. 139
Chapter 9 Mixed Systems	p. 141
9.1 Order, disorder, and quasi-periodicity	p. 141
9.2 Alloys and compounds	p. 142
9.3 Filled nanotubes	p. 146
9.4 Decorating chains	p. 150
9.5 Guest-host systems	p. 151
9.6 Conclusions	p. 155
References	p. 155
Chapter 10 Crystalline Chain Compounds	p. 159
10.1 CaNiN	p. 159
10.2 SN	p. 162
10.3 MX[subscript 2] chains	p. 164
10.4 Metal trichalcogenides	p. 167
10.5 Metal tetrachalcogenides	p. 171
10.6 Metal oxides: spin-chain and spin-ladder compounds	p. 173
10.7 Incommensurate elemental crystals	p. 181
10.8 CH[subscript 3]BiI[subscript 2]	p. 183
10.9 Pt(CN)[subscript 4]-based chain materials	p. 184
10.10 Conclusions	p. 185
References	p. 187
Chapter 11 Mixed-Valence MX Chain Compounds and Related Systems	p. 191
11.1 The MX chain compounds	p. 191
11.2 The MMX chain compounds	p. 199
11.3 Magnus' green salt	p. 200
11.4 Conclusions	p. 201
References	p. 202
Chapter 12 Synthetic Metals: Conjugated Polymers	p. 203
12.1 The prototype: polyacetylene	p. 204
12.2 Other carbon-based conjugated polymers	p. 214
12.3 Incorporating heteroatoms	p. 218
12.4 Incorporating metal atoms	p. 226
12.5 Applications	p. 227
12.6 Conclusions	p. 230
References	p. 231
Chapter 13 Charge-Transfer Salts	p. 235
13.1 General properties	p. 236
13.2 The TTF-TCNQ family	p. 241
13.3 The TMTSF[subscript 2]-X and ET[subscript 2]-X families	p. 245
13.4 The TTF-CA family	p. 248
13.5 Conclusions	p. 250
References	p. 251
Chapter 14 Concluding Remarks	p. 253
Reference	p. 255
Subject Index	p. 257

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