Electrical grounding : bringing grounding back to earth

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Title:

Personal Author:

O'Riley, Ronald P.

Publication Information:

Albany, NY : Delmar, 1988

ISBN:

9780827332294

Subject Term:

Electric currents -- Grounding

Added Corporate Author:

National Fire Protection Association (United States)

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000000526214	TK3227 O74 1988	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This sixth edition has been thoroughly updated in accordance with the 2002 National Electrical Code(, including a major reorganization of sections in Chapter 3 of the NEC and increased use of metric measurements. The author's unique systematic approach has served as an effective path to true understanding of every phase of electrical grounding. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Preface	p. xi
List of NFPA Materials	p. xvii
Introduction	p. xix
Chapter 1 Article 250, Grounding	p. 1
Overview of Article 250, Grounding	p. 3
Definitions	p. 6
Chapter 2 Electrical Theory Applicable to Grounding	p. 14
Current Flow	p. 14
The Electron	p. 15
Ohm's Law	p. 16
Direct Current	p. 17
Series Circuit	p. 17
Alternating Current	p. 19
Impedance	p. 21
Amps and Overcurrent Protective Devices	p. 21
Parallel Circuit	p. 22
Series-Parallel Circuit	p. 23
Chapter 3 Grounding for Safety	p. 24
Electric Shock	p. 24
Potential Difference	p. 26
Grounding and Electric Shock	p. 27
Chapter 4 Faults	p. 30
Types of Faults	p. 31
Stresses Caused by Faults	p. 32
Ionization	p. 32
Grounded-System Faults	p. 33
Impedance-Grounded Systems	p. 35
Ungrounded System Faults	p. 37
Ground Fault Detectors	p. 39
Chapter 5 Grounding Electrode System	p. 40
Grounding Theory	p. 40
Responsibility of the Grounding Electrode	p. 41
The Ground Rod	p. 43
Grounding Electrode System	p. 47
Metal Water Pipe Electrodes	p. 48
Supplemental Electrodes	p. 49
Building Steel as an Electrode	p. 50
Concrete-Encased Electrodes	p. 51
Ground Ring Electrodes	p. 52
Rod and Pipe Electrodes	p. 53
Plate Electrodes	p. 53
Dwelling Unit Electrode	p. 54
Summary	p. 59
Chapter 6 Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 61
Definition of Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 62
Materials	p. 63
Splicing	p. 63
Installation and Protection	p. 64
Connecting the Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 68
Sizing the DC Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 71
Sizing the AC Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 72
Sizing Grounding Electrode Conductors	p. 74
Summary	p. 80
Chapter 7 Circuit and System Grounding	p. 82
Why Ground Circuits and Systems?	p. 83
Definitions	p. 83
Direct-Current Systems	p. 85
Alternating-Current Systems	p. 86
AC Systems Not Required to Be Grounded	p. 91
High-Impedance Grounding	p. 92
Chapter 8 Grounded Conductor	p. 97
Definition of Grounded Conductor	p. 97
Grounded Conductor Connection in a Direct-Current System	p. 98
Grounded Conductor Connection in an Alternating-Current System	p. 98
Bringing the Grounded Conductor to Service	p. 99
Sizing the Grounded Conductor	p. 101
Installing the Grounded Conductor	p. 105
System or Circuit Conductor to be Grounded	p. 106
Identifying the Grounded Conductor	p. 106
Grounded Conductor Overcurrent Protection	p. 108
Chapter 9 Main Bonding Jumper	p. 110
Definition of Main Bonding Jumper	p. 111
Location of the Main Bonding Jumper	p. 112
Materials for the Main Bonding Jumper	p. 112
Connections	p. 114
Sizing the Main Bonding Jumper	p. 114
Chapter 10 Equipment Grounding Conductor	p. 122
Definition of Equipment Grounding Conductor	p. 123
Definition of System	p. 123
Definition of Circuit	p. 125
Performance of Fault Current Path	p. 126
Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors	p. 127
Wire Used for Equipment Grounding Conductor	p. 127
Identification of Equipment Grounding Conductor	p. 128
Installation of Equipment Grounding Conductor	p. 130
Raceways as Equipment Grounding Conductors	p. 133
Earth as an Equipment Grounding Conductor	p. 142
Equipment Grounding Conductor Connections	p. 142
Equipment Grounding Conductor Continuity	p. 143
Sizing Equipment Grounding Conductors	p. 144
Equipment Grounding Conductor in Boxes	p. 151
Agricultural Buildings	p. 154
Chapter 11 Equipment and Enclosure Bonding	p. 156
Definitions	p. 157
Materials	p. 159
Connections	p. 159
Bonding at Service Equipment	p. 159
Sizing Bonding Jumpers on Supply Side of Service	p. 165
Grounding Electrode Conductor Enclosure Bonding	p. 173
Flexible Metal Conduit in Service-Entrance Raceway	p. 174
Bonding Other Than at Service	p. 174
Structural Bonding Steel	p. 176
Sizing Load Side of Service Bonding Jumpers	p. 178
Bonding Grounding Electrode Systems	p. 180
Bonding Receptacles	p. 183
Bonding Lightning Protection System	p. 183
Establishing an Equipotential Plane in an Agricultural Building	p. 184
Swimming Pool Bonding Grid	p. 184
Summary	p. 187
Chapter 12 Equipment and Enclosure Grounding	p. 188
Why Ground Metal Enclosures and Equipment?	p. 188
Enclosure and Raceway Grounding	p. 189
Part VI. Equipment Grounding	p. 191
Methods of Grounding Enclosures and Equipment	p. 197
Grounding Panelboards	p. 198
Isolated Equipment Grounding Receptacles	p. 200
Tower Grounding	p. 204
Computer Grounding	p. 204
Chapter 13 Grounded Circuit Conductor for Grounding Equipment	p. 209
The Basic Rule	p. 210
Supply-Side Use	p. 210
Second Building	p. 211
Separately Derived System	p. 211
Load-Side Use	p. 212
Summary	p. 215
Chapter 14 Ground-Fault Protective Equipment	p. 216
Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment	p. 217
Ground-Fault Protection Equipment Required at Service	p. 218
Ground-Fault Protection Equipment Required--Feeder	p. 221
Definition of Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter	p. 221
Receptacles Requiring GFCI Protection	p. 223
Replacing Nongrounded Type Receptacles	p. 224
Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI)	p. 232
Chapter 15 System and Circuit Grounding 1 kV and Over	p. 234
Neutral Grounded Systems	p. 235
Neutral Grounded Systems Required and Permitted	p. 235
Solidly Grounded Systems	p. 237
Impedance-Grounded Systems	p. 238
Equipment Grounding	p. 239
Chapter 16 Separately Derived Systems	p. 242
Definition of Separately Derived System	p. 242
Bonding Jumper	p. 245
Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 246
Grounding Electrode	p. 247
The Grounding Electrode Conductor	p. 247
Bonding at Separately Derived Systems	p. 250
Dedicated Five-Wire System	p. 251
Portable Generators	p. 251
Vehicle-Mounted Generators	p. 251
Chapter 17 Two or More Buildings Supplied by One Service	p. 254
Disconnecting Means	p. 255
Grounded and Ungrounded Systems	p. 255
Second Building Grounding Electrode System	p. 261
Sizing the Grounding Electrode Conductor at the Second Building	p. 261
Sizing the Equipment Bonding Jumper at the Second Building	p. 262
Disconnecting Means at the Second Building	p. 262
No Disconnecting Means at the Second Building	p. 263
Agricultural Buildings	p. 263
Chapter 18 Calculating Fault Currents and Grounding Conductor Withstand Rating	p. 269
Introduction	p. 269
Purpose of Grounding	p. 270
Short-Circuits and Ground Faults	p. 271
Protective-Device Terms	p. 271
Important Code Requirements	p. 273
Fault-Current Path	p. 273
Available Fault Current	p. 273
Factors Affecting Amount of Fault-Current	p. 276
Transformer Secondary Current	p. 276
Transformer Impedance	p. 277
Other Factors Affecting Fault-Current Values	p. 278
Point-to-Point Calculations	p. 278
Fault-Current and Parallel Conductors	p. 281
Combining Fuse and Circuit Breaker for Protection	p. 282
Summary	p. 283
Appendix	p. 287
Index	p. 295

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