Optical polarization in biomedical applications

Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications introduces key developments in optical polarization methods for quantitative studies of tissues, while presenting the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium as a basis for the quantitative description of polarized light interaction with tissues. This theory uses the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters and predicts the polarization structure of multiple scattered optical fields. The backscattering polarization matrices (Jones matrix and Mueller matrix) important for noninvasive medical diagnostic are introduced. The text also describes a number of diagnostic techniques such as CW polarization imaging and spectroscopy, polarization microscopy and cytometry. As a new tool for medical diagnosis, optical coherent polarization tomography is analyzed. The monograph also covers a range of biomedical applications, among them cataract and glaucoma diagnostics, glucose sensing, and the detection of bacteria.

1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Light Interaction with Tissues	p. 1
1.2 Definitions of Polarized Light	p. 3
2 Tissue Structure and Optical Models	p. 7
2.1 Introduction	p. 7
2.2 Continuous and Discrete Tissue Models	p. 8
2.3 Scatterer Size Range and Distribution	p. 9
2.4 Refractive-Index Variations and Absorption	p. 11
2.5 Tissue Anisotropy	p. 14
2.6 Volume Fraction and Spatial Ordering of Particles .	p. 18
2.7 Eye Tissue Optical Models	p. 20
2.8 Fractal Properties of Tissues and Cell Aggregates	p. 26
2.9 Summary	p. 28
3 Polarized Light Interactions with Weakly Scattering Media	p. 29
3.1 Introduction	p. 29
3.2 Noninteracting Particles	p. 30
3.3 Densely Packed Correlated Particles	p. 36
3.4 Summary	p. 42
4 Polarized Light Interactions with Strongly Scattering Media	p. 45
4.1 Introduction	p. 45
4.2 Multiple Scattering and Radiative Transfer Theory	p. 46
4.2.1 Vector Radiative Transfer Equation	p. 46
4.2.2 Scalar Radiative Transfer Equation	p. 48
4.3 Monte Carlo Simulation Technique	p. 52
4.4 Densely Packed Particle Systems	p. 61
4.5 Summary	p. 67
5 Polarization Properties of Tissues and Phantoms	p. 69
5.1 Introduction	p. 69
5.2 Light Scattering Matrix Meters	p. 70
5.3 LSM of Thin Tissue and Cell Layers	p. 72
5.4 Strongly Scattering Tissues and Phantoms	p. 77
5.5 Summary	p. 83
6 Polarization-Dependent Interference of Multiply Scattered Light	p. 85
6.1 Introduction	p. 85
6.2 Coherent Backscattering	p. 86
6.3 Polarization-Dependent Temporal Correlations of the Scattered Light	p. 91
6.4 Polarization Microstatistics of Speckles	p. 99
6.5 The Concept of Polarization-Correlation Universality	p. 103
6.6 Summary	p. 110
7 Decay of Light Polarization in Random Multiple Scattering Media	p. 111
7.1 The Similarity in Multiple Scattering of Coherent Light	p. 111
7.2 Influence of Scattering Anisotropy and Scattering Regime	p. 119
7.3 Residual Polarization of Incoherently Backscattered Light	p. 124
7.4 Polarization Decay in Absorbing Media	p. 127
7.5 Summary	p. 138
8 Degree of Polarization in Laser Speckles from Turbid Media	p. 139
8.1 Introduction	p. 139
8.2 Experiments and Simulation	p. 140
8.3 Discussion and Conclusions	p. 146
9 Monte Carlo Modeling of Polarization Propagation	p. 149
9.1 Introduction	p. 149
9.2 Method	p. 150
9.3 Results	p. 152
9.4 Summary	p. 159
10 Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography	p. 161
10.1 Introduction	p. 161
10.2 Experimental System: Serial Implementation	p. 162
10.3 Jones Calculus and Mueller Calculus	p. 164
10.4 Experimental System: Parallel Implementation	p. 167
10.5 Experimental Results	p. 172
10.6 Other Implementations	p. 175
10.7 Summary	p. 176
11 Biomedical Diagnostics and Imaging	p. 177
11.1 Introduction	p. 177
11.2 Imaging through Scattering Media and Tissues with Use of Polarized Light	p. 177
11.3 Transillumination Polarization Techniques	p. 181
11.4 Potentialities and Restrictions of Polarization Imaging with Backscattered Light	p. 183
11.5 Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy of Tissues	p. 191
11.6 Glucose Sensing	p. 192
11.7 Cytometry and Bacteria Sensing	p. 199
11.8 Polarization Microscopy and Tissue Clearing	p. 204
11.9 Digital Photoelastic Analysis	p. 216
11.10 Fluorescence Polarization	p. 218
11.11 Summary	p. 223
Appendix	p. 225
Glossary	p. 229
References	p. 245
Index	p. 279

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Table of Contents