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Summary
Summary
The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics has always provided a broad range of critically evaluated data in a convenient, one-volume format, and has never lost touch with the need to stay current. Over the last ten years, revisions to the Handbook have kept up with advances in semiconductors and high-temperature superconductors; addresses environmental concerns by providing data on pollutants, contaminants, global warming, and ground water contamination; addressses increased concerns about health by providing tables of nutritional data; and revised pertinent data to stay up-to-date with IUPAC standards.
Reviews 1
Choice Review
Chemistry collections of any stripe cannot avoid purchasing CRC Handbook, essential for every science collection. Few sources are so densely packed with information, and for physical properties of organic and inorganic compounds, there is no rival. This latest edition expands the "Critical Constants of Fluids" section, adds a table for "Fermi Energy and Related Properties of Metals," updates "Chemical Carcinogens," and adds laboratory test result data. Compounds included are those most frequently used in education and industry, emphasizing those implicated as health hazards. The most heavily used section, "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds," is now arranged alphabetically by substance name rather than by parent compound, and structure diagrams are now integrated with the data. ^BSumming Up: Essential. Upper-division undergraduates and higher. J. C. Shane University of New Mexico
Table of Contents
Section 1 Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors | |
Fundamental Physical Constants | p. 1 |
Standard Atomic Weights (2001) | p. 12 |
Atomic Masses and Abundances | p. 15 |
Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State | p. 19 |
International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) | p. 21 |
Conversion of Temperatures from the 1948 and 1968 Scales to ITS-90 | p. 23 |
International System of Units (SI) | p. 25 |
Units for Magnetic Properties | p. 33 |
Conversion Factors | p. 34 |
Conversion of Temperatures | p. 46 |
Conversion Factors of Energy Units | p. 47 |
Conversion Factors for Pressure Units | p. 48 |
Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity Units | p. 49 |
Conversion Factors for Electrical Resistivity Units | p. 50 |
Conversion Factors for Chemical Kinetics | p. 51 |
Conversion Factors for Ionizing Radiation | p. 52 |
Values of the Gas Constant in Different Unit Systems | p. 54 |
Section 2 Symbols, Terminology, and Nomenclature | |
Symbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical Quantities | p. 1 |
Nomenclature of Chemical Compounds | p. 22 |
Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions and Ligands | p. 23 |
Organic Substituent Groups and Ring Systems | p. 25 |
Scientific Abbreviations and Symbols | p. 29 |
Greek, Russian, and Hebrew Alphabets | p. 37 |
Definitions of Scientific Terms | p. 38 |
Thermodynamic Functions and Relations | p. 60 |
Section 3 Physical Constants of Organic Compounds | |
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds | p. 1 |
Structure Diagrams for Table of Physical Constants | p. 331 |
Synonym Index of Organic Compounds | p. 586 |
Molecular Formula Index of Organic Compounds | p. 631 |
CAS Registry Number Index of Organic Compounds | p. 709 |
Melting Point Index of Organic Compounds | p. 737 |
Boiling Point Index of Organic Compounds | p. 751 |
Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds | p. 764 |
Section 4 Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds | |
The Elements | p. 1 |
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds | p. 37 |
Formula Index of Inorganic Compounds | p. 97 |
CAS Registry Number Index of Inorganic Compounds | p. 112 |
Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals | p. 122 |
Melting, Boiling, and Critical Temperatures of the Elements | p. 132 |
Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25[degree]C | p. 133 |
Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements | p. 134 |
Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts | p. 137 |
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds | p. 141 |
Index of Refraction of Inorganic Liquids | p. 147 |
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals | p. 149 |
Crystallographic Data on Minerals | p. 156 |
Section 5 Thermochemistry, Electrochemistry, and Kinetics | |
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics | p. 1 |
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances | p. 4 |
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature | p. 61 |
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Systems | p. 85 |
Heat of Combustion | p. 89 |
Electrical Conductivity of Water | p. 90 |
Standard KCl Solutions for Calibrating Conductivity Cells | p. 91 |
Molar Conductivity of Aqueous HF, HCl, HBr, and HI | p. 92 |
Equivalent Conductivity of Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution | p. 94 |
Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution | p. 95 |
Activity Coefficients of Acids, Bases, and Salts | p. 97 |
Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration | p. 99 |
Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids | p. 104 |
Enthalpy of Solution of Electrolytes | p. 105 |
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling | p. 106 |
Section 6 Fluid Properties | |
Thermodynamic Properties of Air | p. 1 |
Properties of Water in the Range 0-100[degree]C | p. 3 |
Enthalpy of Vaporization of Water | p. 3 |
Fixed Point Properties of H[subscript 2]O and D[subscript 2]O | p. 4 |
Thermal Conductivity of Saturated H[subscript 2]O and D[subscript 2]O | p. 4 |
Standard Density of Water | p. 5 |
Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water | p. 6 |
Volumetric Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions | p. 8 |
Density of D[subscript 2]O | p. 9 |
Vapor Pressure of Ice | p. 9 |
Vapor Pressure of Water from 0 to 370[degree]C | p. 10 |
Boiling Point of Water at Various Pressures | p. 12 |
Melting Point of Ice as a Function of Pressure | p. 12 |
Properties of Water and Steam as a Function of Temperature and Pressure | p. 13 |
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Water as a Function of Temperature and Pressure | p. 15 |
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Water at Various Frequencies | p. 16 |
Thermophysical Properties of Fluids | p. 17 |
Virial Coefficients of Selected Gases | p. 26 |
Van der Waals Constants for Gases | p. 46 |
Mean Free Path and Related Properties of Gases | p. 47 |
Influence of Pressure on Freezing Points | p. 48 |
Critical Constants | p. 49 |
Sublimation Pressure of Solids | p. 63 |
Vapor Pressure | p. 66 |
Vapor Pressure of Fluids at Temperatures below 300 K | p. 94 |
Vapor Pressure of Saturated Salt Solutions | p. 105 |
IUPAC Recommended Data for Vapor Pressure Calibration | p. 106 |
Enthalpy of Vaporization | p. 107 |
Enthalpy of Fusion | p. 123 |
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Liquid Density | p. 138 |
Properties of Cryogenic Fluids | p. 140 |
Properties of Liquid Helium | p. 141 |
Halocarbon Refrigerants | p. 142 |
Density and Specific Volume of Mercury | p. 145 |
Thermal Properties of Mercury | p. 146 |
Vapor Pressure of Mercury | p. 147 |
Surface Tension of Common Liquids | p. 148 |
Surface Tension of Aqueous Mixtures | p. 152 |
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Liquids | p. 153 |
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Gases | p. 176 |
Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures | p. 178 |
Viscosity of Gases | p. 182 |
Viscosity of Liquids | p. 184 |
Viscosity of Carbon Dioxide along the Saturation Line | p. 189 |
Viscosity and Density of Aqueous Hydroxide Solutions | p. 190 |
Viscosity of Liquid Metals | p. 191 |
Thermal Conductivity of Gases | p. 193 |
Thermal Conductivity of Liquids | p. 195 |
Diffusion in Gases | p. 197 |
Diffusion of Gases in Water | p. 199 |
Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids at Infinite Dilution | p. 200 |
Section 7 Biochemistry | |
Properties of Amino Acids | p. 1 |
Structures of Common Amino Acids | p. 3 |
Properties of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases | p. 4 |
The Genetic Code | p. 5 |
Properties of Fatty Acids | p. 6 |
Carbohydrate Names and Symbols | p. 7 |
Standard Transformed Gibbs Energy of Formation for Important Biochemical Species | p. 9 |
Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers in Water | p. 12 |
Biological Buffers | p. 15 |
Typical pH Values of Biological Materials and Foods | p. 16 |
Chemical Composition of the Human Body | p. 17 |
Section 8 Analytical Chemistry | |
Preparation of Special Analytical Reagents | p. 1 |
Standard Solutions of Acids, Bases, and Salts | p. 5 |
Standard Solutions of Oxidation and Reduction Reagents | p. 7 |
Organic Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Inorganic Substances | p. 8 |
Acid-Base Indicator | p. 16 |
Fluorescent Indicators | p. 19 |
Conversion Formulas for Concentration of Solutions | p. 20 |
Electrochemical Series | p. 21 |
Reduction and Oxidation Potentials for Certain Ion Radicals | p. 32 |
pH Scale for Aqueous Solutions | p. 35 |
Practical pH Measurements on Natural Waters | p. 41 |
Buffer Solutions Giving Round Values of pH at 25[degree]C | p. 43 |
Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases | p. 44 |
Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases | p. 46 |
Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density | p. 57 |
Refractive Index, Freezing Point Depression, and Viscosity Ion Product of Water Substance | p. 84 |
Ionization Constant of Normal and Heavy Water | p. 85 |
Solubility of Selected Gases in Water | p. 86 |
Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Various Temperatures and Pressures | p. 90 |
Aqueous Solubility and Henry's Law Constants of Organic Compounds | p. 91 |
Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures | p. 108 |
Solubility Product Constants | p. 117 |
Solubility of Common Salts at Ambient Temperatures | p. 121 |
Solubility Chart | p. 122 |
Reduction of Weighings in Air to Vacuo | p. 125 |
Volume of One Gram of Water | p. 125 |
Properties of Carrier Gases for Gas Chromatography | p. 126 |
Solvents for Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry | p. 127 |
[superscript 13]C Chemical Shifts of Useful NMR Solvents | p. 128 |
Mass Spectral Peaks of Common Organic Solvents | p. 129 |
Section 9 Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy | |
Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds | p. 1 |
Bond Lengths in Organometallic Compounds | p. 15 |
Bond Lengths and Angles in Gas-Phase Molecules | p. 17 |
Characteristic Bond Lengths in Free Molecules | p. 44 |
Dipole Moments | p. 45 |
Strengths of Chemical Bonds | p. 52 |
Electronegativity | p. 76 |
Force Constants for Bond Stretching | p. 77 |
Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules | p. 78 |
Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules | p. 82 |
Infrared Correlation Charts | p. 88 |
Nuclear Spins, Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR Spectroscopy | p. 93 |
Proton NMR Chemical Shifts for Characteristic Organic Structures | p. 96 |
[superscript 13]C NMR Absorptions of Major Functional Groups | p. 97 |
Section 10 Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics | |
Line Spectra of the Elements | p. 1 |
NIST Atomic Transition Probability Tables | p. 88 |
Electron Affinities | p. 147 |
Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities | p. 163 |
Ionization Potentials of Atoms and Atomic Ions | p. 178 |
Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules | p. 181 |
X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels | p. 199 |
Electron Binding Energies of the Elements | p. 203 |
Natural Width of X-Ray Lines | p. 209 |
Photon Attenuation Coefficients | p. 210 |
Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation | p. 215 |
Sensitivity of the Human Eye to Light of Different Wavelengths | p. 217 |
Black Body Radiation | p. 218 |
Characteristics of Infrared Detectors | p. 220 |
Refractive Index and Transmittance of Representative Glasses | p. 221 |
Index of Refraction of Water | p. 222 |
Index of Refraction of Liquids for Calibration Purposes | p. 223 |
Index of Refraction of Air | p. 224 |
Characteristics of Laser Sources | p. 225 |
Infrared Laser Frequencies | p. 232 |
Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards | p. 240 |
Section 11 Nuclear and Particle Physics | |
Summary Tables of Particle Properties | p. 1 |
Table of the Isotopes | p. 50 |
Neutron Scattering and Absorption Properties | p. 199 |
Cosmic Radiation | p. 216 |
Section 12 Properties of Solids | |
Techniques for Materials Characterization | p. 1 |
Symmetry of Crystals | p. 7 |
Ionic Radii in Crystals | p. 14 |
Polarizability of Atoms and Ions in Solids | p. 17 |
Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Elements | p. 19 |
Lattice Energies | p. 22 |
The Madelung Constant and Crystal Lattice Energy | p. 36 |
Elastic Constants of Single Crystals | p. 37 |
Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals | p. 45 |
Electrical Resistivity of Selected Alloys | p. 48 |
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Inorganic Solids | p. 52 |
Curie Temperature of Selected Ferroelectric Crystals | p. 61 |
Properties of Antiferroelectric Crystals | p. 62 |
Dielectric Constants of Glasses | p. 63 |
Properties of Superconductors | p. 64 |
High Temperature Superconductors | p. 91 |
Organic Superconductors | p. 94 |
Properties of Semiconductors | p. 97 |
Diffusion Data for Semiconductors | p. 108 |
Properties of Magnetic Materials | p. 117 |
Organic Magnets | p. 126 |
Electron Work Function of the Elements | p. 130 |
Secondary Electron Emission | p. 131 |
Optical Properties of Selected Elements | p. 133 |
Optical Properties of Selected Inorganic and Organic Solids | p. 157 |
Elasto-optic, Electro-optic, and Magneto-optic Constants | p. 179 |
Nonlinear Optical Constants | p. 196 |
Phase Diagrams | p. 200 |
Heat Capacity of Selected Solids | p. 218 |
Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals | p. 219 |
Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Semiconductors as a Function of Temperature | p. 221 |
Thermal Conductivity of Alloys as a Function of Temperature | p. 223 |
Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Dielectrics | p. 224 |
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics and Other Insulating Materials | p. 226 |
Thermal Conductivity of Glasses | p. 228 |
Commercial Metals and Alloys | p. 232 |
Hardness of Minerals and Ceramics | p. 233 |
Section 13 Polymer Properties | |
Nomenclature for Organic Polymers | p. 1 |
Solvents for Common Polymers | p. 6 |
Glass Transition Temperature for Selected Polymers | p. 7 |
Dielectric Constant of Selected Polymers | p. 15 |
Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationship for Polymer Melts | p. 16 |
Section 14 Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics | |
Astronomical Constants | p. 1 |
Properties of the Solar System | p. 2 |
Satellites of the Planets | p. 4 |
Interstellar Molecules | p. 6 |
Mass, Dimensions, and other Parameters of the Earth | p. 9 |
Geological Time Scale | p. 11 |
Acceleration Due to Gravity | p. 12 |
Density, Pressure, and Gravity as a Function of Depth within the Earth | p. 13 |
Ocean Pressure as a Function of Depth and Latitude | p. 14 |
Properties of Seawater | p. 15 |
Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the Sea | p. 17 |
Solar Spectral Irradiance | p. 18 |
U.S. Standard Atmosphere (1976) | p. 19 |
Geographical and Seasonal Variation in Solar Radiation | p. 26 |
Infrared Absorption by the Earth's Atmosphere | p. 27 |
Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide, 1958-2000 | p. 28 |
Mean Temperatures in the United States, 1900-1992 | p. 30 |
Global Temperature Trend, 1856-2000 | p. 32 |
Atmospheric Electricity | p. 33 |
Speed of Sound in Various Media | p. 41 |
Attenuation and Speed of Sound in Air as a Function of Humidity and Frequency | p. 43 |
Speed of Sound in Dry Air | p. 44 |
Musical Scales | p. 45 |
Characteristics of Human Hearing | p. 47 |
Section 15 Practical Laboratory Data | |
Standard ITS-90 Thermocouple Tables | p. 1 |
Properties of Common Laboratory Solvents | p. 14 |
Dependence of Boiling Point on Pressure | p. 19 |
Ebullioscopic Constants for Calculation of Boiling Point Elevation | p. 20 |
Cryoscopic Constants for Calculation of Freezing Point Depression | p. 21 |
Freezing Point Lowering by Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution | p. 22 |
Correction of Barometer Readings to 0[degree]C Temperature | p. 23 |
Determination of Relative Humidity from Dew Point | p. 24 |
Determination of Relative Humidity from Wet and Dry Bulb Temperatures | p. 25 |
Constant Humidity Solutions | p. 26 |
Standard Salt Solutions for Humidity Calibration | p. 27 |
Low Temperature Baths for Maintaining Constant Temperature | p. 27 |
Metals and Alloys with Low Melting Temperature | p. 28 |
Wire Tables | p. 30 |
Characteristics of Particles and Particle Dispersoids | p. 31 |
Density of Various Solids | p. 32 |
Dielectric Strength of Insulating Materials | p. 33 |
Allocation of Frequencies in the Radio Spectrum | p. 39 |
Section 16 Health and Safety Information | |
Handling and Disposal of Chemicals in Laboratories | p. 1 |
Flammability of Chemical Substances | p. 16 |
Threshold Limits for Airborne Contaminants | p. 32 |
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients | p. 43 |
Protection Against Ionizing Radiation | p. 48 |
Annual Limits on Intakes of Radionuclides | p. 49 |
Chemical Carcinogens | p. 53 |
Appendix A Mathematical Tables | |
Miscellaneous Mathematical Constants | p. 1 |
Exponential and Hyperbolic Functions and their Common Logarithms | p. 2 |
Natural Trigonometric Functions to Four Places | p. 7 |
Relation of Angular Functions in Terms of One Another | p. 11 |
Derivatives | p. 12 |
Integration | p. 15 |
Integrals | p. 20 |
Differential Equations | p. 65 |
Fourier Series | p. 75 |
The Fourier Transforms | p. 80 |
Series Expansion | p. 84 |
Vector Analysis | p. 87 |
Moment of Inertial for Various Bodies of Mass | p. 96 |
Bessel Functions | p. 96 |
The Gamma Function | p. 99 |
The Beta Function | p. 101 |
The Error Function | p. 101 |
Orthogonal Polynomials | p. 102 |
Normal Probability Function | p. 104 |
Percentage Points, Student's t-Distribution | p. 105 |
Percentage Points, Chi-Square Distribution | p. 105 |
Percentage Points, F-Distribution | p. 106 |
Appendix B Sources of Physical and Chemical Data | p. 1 |
Index | p. 1 |