Convective heat & mass transfer

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Aims to encourage the use of a numerically based, computational approach to solving convective heat and mass transfer problems, in addition to classical problem-solving approaches. This text also presents a theoretical basis for the subject of convective heat and mass transfer by focusing on boundary layer theory.

Preface to the Fourth Edition	p. xiv
Preface to the Third Edition	p. xvii
Preface to the Second Edition	p. xix
Preface to the First Edition	p. xxi
List of Symbols	p. xxiii
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
Chapter 2 Conservation Principles	p. 5
The Control Volume	p. 5
Principle of Conservation of Mass	p. 5
The Momentum Theorem	p. 6
Principle of Conservation of Energy	p. 7
Chapter 3 Fluid Stresses and Flux Laws	p. 9
Viscous Fluid Stresses	p. 9
Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction	p. 11
Fick's Law of Diffusion	p. 13
Dimensionless Groups of Transport Properties	p. 15
Turbulent-Flow Transport Coefficients	p. 15
References	p. 16
Chapter 4 Differential Equations for the Laminar Boundary Layer	p. 17
The Concept of the Boundary Layer	p. 17
The Continuity Equations	p. 19
The Momentum Equations	p. 22
The Mass-Diffusion Equations	p. 25
The Energy Equations	p. 29
Problems	p. 38
References	p. 39
Chapter 5 Integral Equations for the Boundary Layer	p. 40
The Momentum Integral Equation	p. 40
The Displacement and Momentum Thicknesses	p. 43
Alternative Forms of the Momentum Integral Equation	p. 45
The Energy Integral Equation	p. 46
The Enthalpy and Conduction Thicknesses	p. 48
Alternative Forms of the Energy Integral Equation	p. 49
Problems	p. 51
Reference	p. 51
Chapter 6 Differential Equations for the Turbulent Boundary Layer	p. 52
Momentum and Thermodynamic Variables	p. 52
Newtonian Stress and Fourier Heat-Flux Models	p. 53
Instantaneous Equations of Turbulence	p. 54
Reynolds Decomposition	p. 55
Time-Averaging and Turbulence Statistics	p. 57
Reynolds-Averaged Transport Equations of Turbulence	p. 58
Problems	p. 66
References	p. 66
Chapter 7 Laminar Internal Flows: Momentum Transfer	p. 67
Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes	p. 67
Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Other Cross-Sectional Shape Tubes	p. 71
The Laminar Hydrodynamic Entry Length	p. 74
Problems	p. 76
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 78
References	p. 79
Chapter 8 Laminar Internal Flows: Heat Transfer	p. 80
The Energy Differential Equations for Flow through a Circular Tube	p. 81
The Circular Tube with Fully Developed Velocity and Temperature Profiles	p. 82
The Concentric Circular-Tube Annulus with Fully Developed Velocity and Temperature Profiles, Asymmetric Heating	p. 92
Solutions for Tubes of Noncircular Cross Section with Fully Developed Velocity and Temperature Profiles	p. 95
Circular-Tube Thermal-Entry-Length Solutions	p. 97
Thermal-Entry-Length Solutions for the Rectangular Tube and Annulus	p. 105
The Effect of Axial Variation of the Surface Temperature with Hydrodynamically Fully Developed Flow	p. 109
The Effect of Axial Variation of Heat Flux	p. 115
Combined Hydrodynamic and Thermal Entry Length	p. 117
Problems	p. 120
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 125
References	p. 128
Chapter 9 Laminar External Boundary Layers: Momentum Transfer	p. 130
Similarity Solutions: The Laminar Incompressible Boundary Layer with Constant Properties and Constant Free-Stream Velocity	p. 131
Similarity Solutions for the Laminar Incompressible Boundary Layer for u[subscript infinity] = Cx[superscript m]	p. 137
Similarity Solutions for the Laminar Incompressible Boundary Layer for v[subscript s] [not equal] 0	p. 139
Nonsimilar Momentum Boundary Layers	p. 141
An Approximate Laminar Boundary-Layer Solution for Constant Free-Stream Velocity Developed from the Momentum Integral Equation	p. 141
An Approximate Laminar Boundary-Layer Solution for Arbitrarily Varying Free-Stream Velocity over a Body of Revolution	p. 143
Problems	p. 145
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 146
References	p. 147
Chapter 10 Laminar External Boundary Layers: Heat Transfer	p. 148
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Constant-Temperature Semi-Infinite Plate	p. 149
Flow with u[subscript infinity] = Cx[superscript m] along a Constant-Temperature Semi-Infinite Plate	p. 154
Flow along a Constant-Temperature Semi-Infinite Plate with Injection or Suction	p. 157
Nonsimilar Thermal Boundary Layers	p. 159
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Semi-Infinite Plate with Unheated Starting Length	p. 159
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Semi-Infinite Plate with Arbitrarily Specified Surface Temperature	p. 162
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Semi-Infinite Plate with Arbitrarily Specified Surface Heat Flux	p. 165
Flow Over a Constant-Temperature Body of Arbitrary Shape	p. 166
Flow Over a Body of Arbitrary Shape and Arbitrarily Specified Surface Temperature	p. 170
Flow Over Bodies with Boundary-Layer Separation	p. 171
Problems	p. 172
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 176
References	p. 177
Chapter 11 Turbulent External Boundary Layers: Momentum Transfer	p. 178
Transition of a Laminar Boundary Layer to a Turbulent Boundary Layer	p. 178
The Qualitative Structure of the Turbulent Boundary Layer	p. 180
The Concepts of Eddy Diffusivity and Eddy Viscosity	p. 182
The Prandtl Mixing-Length Theory	p. 183
Wall Coordinates	p. 186
The Law of the Wall for the Case of p[superscript +] = 0.0 and v[superscript + subscript s] = 0.0	p. 187
An Approximate Solution for the Turbulent Momentum Boundary Layer	p. 191
A Continuous Law of the Wall: The Van Driest Model	p. 194
Summary of a Complete Mixing-Length Theory	p. 196
A Model Based on the Turbulence Kinetic Energy Equation	p. 201
The [kappa]-[epsilon] Model	p. 206
Equilibrium Turbulent Boundary Layers	p. 208
The Transpired Turbulent Boundary Layer	p. 212
The Effects of Surface Roughness	p. 215
The Effects of Axial Curvature	p. 219
The Effects of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 221
Problems	p. 223
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 226
References	p. 227
Chapter 12 Turbulent External Boundary Layers: Heat Transfer	p. 229
The Concepts of Eddy Diffusivity for Heat Transfer, Eddy Conductivity, and Turbulent Prandtl Number	p. 229
The Reynolds Analogy	p. 231
Turbulent Prandtl Number	p. 233
A Conduction Model for Turbulent Prandtl Number	p. 239
Complete Solution of the Energy Equation	p. 242
A Law of the Wall for the Thermal Boundary Layer	p. 242
Effect of Pressure Gradient on Temperature Profiles	p. 247
A Heat-Transfer Solution for Constant Free-Stream Velocity and Surface Temperature	p. 248
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Semi-Infinite Plate with Unheated Starting Length	p. 251
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Semi-Infinite Plate with Arbitrarily Specified Surface Temperature	p. 254
Constant Free-Stream Velocity Flow along a Semi-Infinite Plate with Arbitrarily Specified Heat Flux	p. 255
An Approximate Solution for Varying Free-Stream Velocity	p. 256
Strongly Accelerated Boundary Layers	p. 259
The Transpired Turbulent Boundary Layer	p. 260
Full-Coverage Film Cooling	p. 265
Film Cooling	p. 267
The Effects of Surface Roughness	p. 268
The Effects of Axial Curvature	p. 271
The Effects of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 273
Problems	p. 275
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 279
References	p. 280
Chapter 13 Turbulent Internal Flows: Momentum Transfer	p. 282
Fully Developed Flow in a Circular Tube	p. 282
Tubes of Noncircular Cross Section	p. 287
Effects of Surface Roughness	p. 287
Problems	p. 289
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 290
References	p. 290
Chapter 14 Turbulent Internal Flows: Heat Transfer	p. 292
Circular Tube with Fully Developed Velocity and Temperature Profiles, Constant Heat Rate, Prandtl Numbers 0.6-6.0	p. 294
Circular Tube with Fully Developed Flow, Higher Prandtl Numbers	p. 297
Very Low-Prandtl-Number Heat Transfer, Liquid Metals	p. 299
Circular Tube, Fully Developed Profiles, Constant Surface Temperature	p. 302
Effect of Peripheral Heat-Flux Variation	p. 304
Fully Developed Turbulent Flow between Parallel Planes and in Concentric Circular-Tube Annuli	p. 305
Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Other Tube Geometries	p. 309
Experimental Correlations for Flow in Tubes	p. 311
Thermal-Entry Length for Turbulent Flow in a Circular Tube	p. 312
Thermal-Entry Length for Turbulent Flow between Parallel Planes	p. 317
The Effects of Axial Variations of Surface Temperature and Heat Flux	p. 319
Combined Hydrodynamic- and Thermal-Entry Length	p. 319
The Influence of Surface Roughness	p. 322
Problems	p. 323
TEXSTAN Problems	p. 326
References	p. 328
Chapter 15 Influence of Temperature-Dependent Fluid Properties	p. 330
Laminar Flow in Tubes: Liquids	p. 332
Laminar Flow in Tubes: Gases	p. 334
Turbulent Flow in Tubes: Liquids	p. 334
Turbulent Flow in Tubes: Gases	p. 335
The Laminar External Boundary Layer: Gases	p. 336
The Laminar External Boundary Layer: Liquids	p. 340
The Turbulent External Boundary Layer: Liquids	p. 340
The Turbulent External Boundary Layer: Gases	p. 341
Problems	p. 342
References	p. 342
Chapter 16 Convective Heat Transfer at High Velocities	p. 344
The Stagnation Enthalpy Equation	p. 346
The High-Velocity Thermal Boundary Layer for a Fluid with Pr = 1	p. 349
The Laminar Constant-Property Boundary Layer for Pr [not equal] 1	p. 351
The Laminar Boundary Layer for a Gas with Variable Properties	p. 355
The Use of Reference Properties for High-Velocity Laminar Boundary-Layer Calculations	p. 358
The Turbulent Boundary Layer for a Gas with Variable Properties	p. 360
Reference Properties for High-Velocity Turbulent Boundary-Layer Calculations	p. 363
Mach Number and Large-Temperature-Difference Corrections for Variable Free-Stream Velocity and Variable Temperature Differences	p. 363
Problems	p. 364
References	p. 366
Chapter 17 Convective Heat Transfer with Body Forces	p. 367
Boundary-Layer Equations for Free Convection	p. 368
Scaling and Flow Regimes in Free Convection	p. 370
Similarity Solutions: Laminar Flow on a Constant-Temperature, Vertical, and Semi-Infinite Flat Plate	p. 374
Similarity Solutions with Variable Surface Temperature	p. 378
Similarity Solutions with Wall Suction or Blowing	p. 380
Approximate Integral Solution: Laminar Flow on a Constant-Temperature, Vertical, and Semi-Infinite Flat Plate	p. 381
The Effect of Variable Properties	p. 382
Turbulent Flow on a Vertical and Semi-Infinite Flat Plate	p. 383
Heat-Transfer Solutions for Other Geometries	p. 386
Mixed Free and Forced Convection	p. 389
Natural Convection in Enclosures	p. 390
Problems	p. 394
References	p. 396
Chapter 18 Convective Mass Transfer: Basic Definitions and Formulation of a Simplified Theory	p. 399
Definitions	p. 400
The Differential Equations of the Concentration Boundary Layer	p. 401
Simplified Equations for the Concentration Boundary Layer	p. 404
Boundary Conditions	p. 406
Definition of the Mass-Transfer Conductance and Driving Force	p. 409
Problems	p. 411
References	p. 412
Chapter 19 Convective Mass Transfer: Evaluation of the Mass-Transfer Conductance from the Conserved-Property (P) Equation	p. 413
The Prediction of the Mass-Transfer Conductance g for Low Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 414
The Laminar Constant-Property Boundary Layer for Low Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 414
The Turbulent Constant-Property Boundary Layer for Low Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 416
The Prediction of the Mass-Transfer Conductance g for High Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 418
High Mass-Transfer-Rate Convection in a Laminar Couette Flow	p. 418
The Laminar Constant-Property Boundary Layer, Similarity Solutions for High Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 420
The Laminar Boundary Layer for High Mass-Transfer Rates: Some Variable-Property Solutions	p. 424
The Laminar Constant-Property Boundary Layer with Arbitrary Varying Free-Stream Velocity and High Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 425
The Turbulent Constant-Property Boundary Layer with Constant Free-Stream Velocity and High Mass-Transfer Rates	p. 426
The Turbulent Boundary Layer: Some Variable-Property Solutions	p. 427
Problems	p. 427
References	p. 428
Chapter 20 Convective Mass Transfer: Examples for Application of the Simplified Method	p. 429
General Problem Solution Procedure	p. 429
Thermodynamics of the Air-Water-Vapor System	p. 430
Analysis of the Wet-Bulb Psychrometer	p. 433
Drying	p. 437
Evaporative Cooling	p. 438
Naphthalene Sublimation from a Flat Plate	p. 439
Burning of a Volatile Fuel in Air	p. 442
Simple Graphite Burning in Air	p. 444
Graphite Ablation with More than One Reaction	p. 446
The High-Temperature Boundary Layer with Dissociation	p. 448
Transpiration Cooling by Gas Injection	p. 449
Problems	p. 452
References	p. 456
Appendix A Property Values	p. 457
Appendix B Dimensions and Conversion to SI	p. 471
Appendix C Some Tables of Functions Useful in Boundary-Layer Analysis	p. 475
Appendix D Operations Implied by the [down triangle, open] Operator	p. 477
Appendix E Detailed Derivation of the Simplified Mass-Diffusion and Energy Equation (P Equation) for Convective Mass Transfer Problems and the Corresponding Boundary Conditions	p. 481
Appendix F The Texstan Boundary-Layer Code	p. 496
Appendix G Blasius Flow--A Sample Data Set for Texstan	p. 510
Appendix H Texstan Data Sets	p. 522
Index	p. 531

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