Handbook of bacterial adhesion : principles, methods, and applications

Research on bacterial adhesion and its significance is a major field involving many different aspects of nature and human life, such as marine science, soil and plant ecology, most importantly, the biomedical field. The adhesion ofbacteria to the food industry, and human tissue surfaces and implanted biomaterial surfaces is an important step in the patho genesis of infection. Handbook 0/ Bacterial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applications is an outgrowth of the editors' own quest for information on laboratory techniques for studying bacte rial adhesion to biomaterials, bone, and other tissues and, more importantly, a response to significant needs in the research community. This book is designed to be an experimental guide for biomedical scientists, biomaterials scientists, students, laboratory technicians, or anyone who plans to conduct bacterial adhesion studies. More specifically, it is intended for all those researchers facing the chal lenge of implant infections in such devices as orthopedic prostheses, cardiovascular devices or catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts or extradural catheters, thoracic or abdominal catheters, portosystemic shunts or bile stents, urological catheters or stents, plastic surgical implants, oral or maxillofacial implants, contraceptive implants, or even contact lenses. It also covers research methods for the study of bacterial adhesion to tis sues such as teeth, respiratory mucosa, intestinal mucosa, and the urinary tract. In short, it constitutes a handbook for biomechanical and bioengineering researchers and students at all levels.

Yuehuei H. An and Richard B. Dickinson and Ronald J. DoyleThomas Boland and Robert A. Latour and Fred J. StutzenbergerHelen M. Dalton and Paul E. MarchKatharine Merritt and Yuehuei H. AnKatanchalee Vacheethasanee and Roger E. marchantMarc Quirynen and Kurt Dierickx and Daniel van SteenbergheKylie L. Martin and Yuehuei H. AnYuehuei H. An and Piotr SkowronskiChris H. Sissons and Lisa Wong and Yuehuei H. AnSubramanian Karthikeyan and Darren R. Korber and Gideon M. Wolfaardt and Douglas E. CaldwellWilliam G. Pitt and Alan J. BartonRobert A. Burne and Yi-Ywan M. ChenGordon D. Christensen and W. Andrew Simpson and Jeffrey O. Anglen and Barry J. GainorTheresa A. Fassel and Charles E. EdmistonColin G. Adair and Sean P. Gorman and Lisa B. Byers and David S. Jones and Thomas A. GardinerSyed F. Mohammad and Reza ArdehaliW. Michael Dunne, Jr.Anneta P. Razatos and George GeorgiouRichard B. Dickinson and Aaron R. Clapp and Stephen E. TruesdailDietrich Mack and Katrin Bartscht and Sabine Dobinsky and Matthias A. Horstkotte and Kathrin Kiel and Johannes K.-M. Knobloch and Peter SchaferLucio Montanaro and Carla R. ArciolaGregor ReidDoron SteinbergJian-Lin Yu and Roland AnderssonManal M. Gabriel and Donald G. AhearnPierre E. VaudauxMark S. SmeltzerShigetada Kawabata and Taku Fujiwara and Shigeyuki HamadaMaria Cristina Plotkowski and Sophie de Bentzmann and Edith PuchelleDavid A. Elliott and Franklin D. LowyShunji Hayashi and Yoshikazu Hirai and Toshiro Sugiyama and Masahiro Asaka and Kenji Yokota and Keiji OgumaJames A. Roberts and M. Bernice KaackLakshman P. Samaranayake and Arjuna N. B. EllepolaM. John Albert and Travis Grant and Roy Robins-BrowneHarry S. Courtney and James B. Dale and David L. HastyWolfgang Kohnen and Bernd JansenRabih O. Darouiche and Issam I. RaadCharles E. Edmiston, Jr. and Michael P. GoheenYuehuei H. An and Brian K. Blair and Kylie L. Martin and Richard J. Friedman

Preface	p. vii
Contributors	p. xiii
Part I Mechanisms of Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation
1. Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion and Pathogenesis of Implant and Tissue Infections	p. 1
2. Molecular Basis of Bacterial Adhesion	p. 29
3. Molecular Genetics of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofouling	p. 43
4. Factors Influencing Bacterial Adhesion	p. 53
5. Nonspecific Staphylococcus epidermidis Adhesion: Contributions of Biomaterial Hydrophobicity and Charge	p. 73
6. Effects of Surface Roughness and Free Energy on Oral Bacterial Adhesion	p. 91
Part II General Considerations and Methods for Studying Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm
7. Basic Equipment and Microbiological Techniques for Studying Bacterial Adhesion	p. 103
8. General Considerations for Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Biomaterials	p. 121
9. Laboratory Culture and Analysis of Microbial Biofilms	p. 133
10. Monitoring the Organization of Microbial Biofilm Communities	p. 171
11. Models and Measurement of Bacterial Growth Rates on Polymers	p. 189
12. Analysis of Gene Expression in Biofilm Bacteria	p. 203
Part III Techniques for Studying Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm
13. Methods for Evaluating Attached Bacteria and Biofilms: An Overview	p. 213
14. Evaluating Adherent Bacteria and Biofilm Using Electron Microscopy	p. 235
15. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Examination of Microbial Biofilms	p. 249
16. Quantitation of Bacterial Adhesion to Biomaterials Using Radiolabeling Techniques	p. 259
17. Evaluating Adherent Bacteria and Biofilm Using biochemical and Immunochemical Methods	p. 273
18. Evaluating Bacterial Adhesion Using Atomic Force Microscopy	p. 285
19. Direct Measurement of Long-Range Interaction Forces Between a Single Bacterium and a Substrate Using an Optical Trap	p. 297
Part IV Studying Microbial Adhesion to Biomaterials
20. Staphylococcal Factors Involved in Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials	p. 307
21. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Irregular or Porous Surfaces	p. 331
22. Studying Bacterial Colonization of Tubular Medical Devices	p. 345
23. Studying Plaque Biofilms on Various Dental Surfaces	p. 353
24. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Biliary Stents	p. 371
25. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Hydrogel Contact Lenses	p. 389
26. In Vivo Models for Studying Staphylococcal Adhesion to Biomaterials	p. 397
Part V Studying Microbial Adhesion to Host Tissue
27. Characterization of Staphylococcal Adhesins for Adherence to Host Tissues	p. 411
28. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Tooth Surfaces	p. 445
29. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Respiratory Mucosa	p. 457
30. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Endothelial Cells	p. 487
31. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Gastric Epithelium	p. 497
32. Studying Bacterial Adhesion in the Urinary Tract	p. 515
33. Studying Candida albicans Adhesion	p. 527
34. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Cultured Cells	p. 541
Part VI Strategies for Prevention of Microbial Adhesion
35. Strategies for Preventing Group A Streptococcal Adhesion and Infection	p. 553
36. Changing Material Surface Chemistry for Preventing Bacterial Adhesion	p. 581
37. Antimicrobial Agent Incorporation for Preventing Bacterial Adhesion	p. 591
38. Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Antibiotic Impregnated Polymethylmethacrylate	p. 599
39. Macromolecule Surface Coating for Preventing Bacterial Adhesion	p. 609
Appendix 1	p. 627
Index	p. 629

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