Cover image for ATM & MPLS theory & application : foundations of multi-service networking
Title:
ATM & MPLS theory & application : foundations of multi-service networking
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Publication Information:
Berkeley, CA : McGraw-Hill Osborne, 2002
ISBN:
9780072222562
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30000010023446 TK5105.5 M32 2002 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) are both standards for transferring information over networks. This is a complete guide to understanding and implementing these networking technologies.


Table of Contents

Introductionp. xix
Part I Overview, Introduction, Background, Motivation, and Standards
1 Introduction to ATM and MPLS and Overview of the Bookp. 3
Overview of This Bookp. 6
Reviewp. 12
2 Background and Motivation for ATM and MPLS Networkingp. 13
A Brief History of Communicationsp. 14
Defining the Demand for Communicationsp. 17
Technology Trendsp. 19
Reviewp. 24
3 ATM- and MPLS-Related Standards Bodiesp. 25
ATM- and MPLS-Related Standards Bodiesp. 26
Creating Standards: The Playersp. 30
Creating Standards: The Processp. 32
Other Aspects of Standardsp. 35
Reviewp. 36
Part II Networking and Protocol Fundamentals
4 Networks, Circuits, Multiplexing, and Switchingp. 39
General Network Topologiesp. 40
Data Communications and Private Linesp. 47
Data Transmission Methodsp. 50
Principles of Multiplexing and Switchingp. 53
Reviewp. 67
5 Basic Protocol Conceptsp. 69
A Brief History of Packet Switchingp. 70
Basic Protocol Layering Conceptsp. 75
Open Systems Interconnection Reference Modelp. 77
Layers of the OSI Reference Modelp. 81
Layered Data Communication Architecturesp. 85
Network Service Paradigmsp. 91
Reviewp. 94
6 Time Division Multiplexing and the Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Networkp. 95
Circuit Switchingp. 96
Private-Line Networksp. 100
Digital Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)p. 104
Basics and History of Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN)p. 113
Reviewp. 119
7 Connection-Oriented Protocols--X.25 and Frame Relayp. 121
Packet Switchingp. 122
Frame Relay--Overview and User Planep. 137
Frame Relay--Control Planep. 149
Reviewp. 174
8 Connectionless Protocols--IP and SMDSp. 175
The Internet Protocol SUITE, TCP/IPp. 176
Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)p. 198
Reviewp. 206
9 LANS, Bridging, and Routingp. 207
Bridging, Routing, and Internetworkingp. 208
IEEE Local Area Networking (LAN) Standardsp. 212
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)p. 224
Bridging Concepts, Systems, and Protocolsp. 229
Routing Concepts, Systems, and Protocolsp. 235
Bridging and Routing Systems Designp. 247
Reviewp. 249
Part III Foundations of ATM and MPLS: Protocol and Structure
10 Introduction to ATM and MPLSp. 253
Introduction to ATM and B-ISDNp. 254
Overview of the Application of ATMp. 256
Origins of MPLS: Reinventing IP over ATMp. 263
Introduction to MPLSp. 274
Considerations in the Choice of Cells Versus Framesp. 277
Reviewp. 280
11 ATM and MPLS: Physical Layer and Label Switching Functionsp. 281
Overview of Physical, ATM, and AAL Layer Functionsp. 282
ATM Physical Layerp. 285
ATM Layerp. 296
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)p. 308
MPLS Encapsulation Standardsp. 312
Reviewp. 318
12 ATM Adaptation and MPLS Tunneling Protocolsp. 319
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)p. 320
ATM Adaptation Layer 1 (AAL1)p. 323
ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2)p. 332
ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 (AAL3/4)p. 337
ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5)p. 340
Multi-Service Tunneling over MPLS (and Other Protocols)p. 346
General Concept of Protocol Tunnelingp. 346
ATM Forum's ATM over MPLS Network Interworkingp. 348
"Martini" Multi-Service Encapsulationp. 351
Reviewp. 352
13 Higher-Level User and Control Plane Protocolsp. 353
Overview of Higher-Layer ATM and MPLS Protocolsp. 354
Overview of ATM and MPLS Control Plane Protocolsp. 358
ATM Control Plane Structure and AALp. 361
ATM User-Network Interface (UNI) Signalingp. 368
ATM Control Plane Addressingp. 378
Reviewp. 385
14 MPLS Signaling and Routing Protocolsp. 387
MPLS Control Plane Architecturep. 388
MPLS Label Distribution Signaling Protocolsp. 397
IGP Traffic Engineering Extensions: OSPF and IS-ISp. 407
Example Applications of MPLS in IP Networksp. 409
Reviewp. 413
15 ATM NNI Signalinag and Routing Protocolsp. 415
Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol (IISP)p. 416
Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI)p. 416
Broadband InterCarrier Interface (B-ICI)p. 433
B-ISDN User Services Part (BISUP)p. 433
B-ICI's Replacement: ATM Inter-Network Interface (AINI)p. 434
Reviewp. 439
Part IV ATM and MPLS Support for Networking Applications
16 Enabling Voice, TDM, and Video Over ATM and MPLSp. 443
Packet Voice Networkingp. 444
Voice Trunking Using ATM and MPLSp. 449
Broadband Local Loop Emulation Using AAL2p. 459
Circuit Emulation Using ATM and MPLSp. 463
Video over ATM and Packet Networksp. 467
Reviewp. 472
17 Connection-Oriented Protocol Supportp. 473
Interworking, Access, and Trunkingp. 474
Overview of Frame Relay/ATM Interworkingp. 477
Frame Relay/ATM Network Interworkingp. 478
Frame Relay/ATM Service Interworkingp. 481
ATM Access to SMDSp. 488
Frame-Based Interfaces Supporting ATMp. 489
MPLS-Based Support for Link Layer Protocolsp. 498
Reviewp. 503
18 ATM and MPLS Support for LAN Protocolsp. 505
Multiprotocol Encapsulation over AAL5p. 506
ATM Forum LAN Emulation (LANE)p. 511
Ethernet over MPLSp. 520
Reviewp. 530
19 ATM and MPLS Support of Enterprise-Level IP Networksp. 531
IP over ATM Virtual Private Networksp. 533
IP Virtual Private Networks (VPN) over MPLS or IP Tunnelsp. 545
IP Path Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) Discoveryp. 560
Reviewp. 562
Part V Quality of Service, Traffic Management, and Congestion Control
20 The Traffic Contract and Quality of Service (QoS)p. 565
The Traffic Contractp. 566
Reference Modelsp. 567
Quality Of Servicep. 571
Traffic Parameters and Conformance Definitionsp. 579
Classes of Servicep. 586
Comparison of ATM and IP QoS and TrafficParametersp. 596
ATM Service Categories Optimized for Packet Switchingp. 597
Reviewp. 607
21 Traffic Control, QoS Mechanisms, and Resource Managementp. 609
Achieving Conformancep. 610
Checking Conformance: Policingp. 612
Ensuring Conformance: Shapingp. 624
Delivering QoS: Prioritization, Queuing, and Schedulingp. 630
Meeting the Traffic Contract: Resource Managementp. 634
Reviewp. 640
22 Congestion Controlp. 641
Congestion: A Familiar Phenomenonp. 642
Congestion Control: A Range of Solutionsp. 645
Categorization of Congestion Control Approachesp. 649
Congestion Managementp. 652
Congestion Avoidancep. 653
Closed-Loop Flow Controlp. 654
Congestion Recoveryp. 667
Reviewp. 671
Part VI Communications Engineering, Traffic Engineering, and Design Considerations
23 Basic Communications Engineeringp. 675
Philosophyp. 676
Probability Theoryp. 677
Common Digital Signals and Their Spectrap. 679
Error Models and Channel Capacityp. 685
Error-Detecting and -Correcting Codesp. 689
Data Compressionp. 694
Reviewp. 696
24 Traffic Engineeringp. 697
Philosophyp. 698
Overview of Queuing Theoryp. 699
Call Attempt Rates, Blocking, and Queuingp. 708
Performance of Buffering Methodsp. 713
Deterministic Constant Rate Performancep. 718
Equivalent Capacityp. 720
Priority Queuing Performancep. 728
Reviewp. 730
25 Design Considerationsp. 731
Impacts of Delay, Loss, and Delay Variationp. 732
TCP Performance Considerationsp. 742
Overview of the Network Planning and Design Processp. 748
Network Design and Modeling Toolsp. 753
Reviewp. 756
Part VII Operations and Network Management for ATM and MPLS
26 Operational Philosophy and Network Management Architecturesp. 759
OAM&P Philosophyp. 760
Network Management Architecturesp. 764
Reviewp. 773
27 Network Management Protocols and Management Information Bases (MIBs)p. 775
Network Management Protocolsp. 776
ATM Management Information Bases (MIBs)p. 782
MPLS Management Information Bases (MIBs)p. 787
IP-Based Management Tools for MPLSp. 790
Reviewp. 793
28 ATM and MPLS Management and Performance Measurementp. 795
ATM OAM Flow Reference Architecturep. 796
ATM OAM Cell Formatsp. 798
ATM OAM Fault Managementp. 800
ATM Protection Switchingp. 806
ATM Performance Specification and Measurementp. 810
MPLS OAM Status and Directionp. 819
Reviewp. 820
Part VIII Design Considerations and Future Directions Involving ATM and MPLS
29 Design Considerations for ATM and MPLS Networksp. 825
Efficiency Analysisp. 826
Scalability Analysisp. 837
Complexity Analysisp. 842
Reliability, Availability, and Stabilityp. 846
Supportability and Operabilityp. 847
Securityp. 847
Reviewp. 848
30 Future Directions and Applications Involving MPLS and ATMp. 851
Future Directions and Applications of ATMp. 852
Lessons Learned from ATM for Multiservice Networkingp. 853
Future Applications and Directions of MPLS (and IP)p. 855
Possible Future of Multiservice Networkingp. 861
Reviewp. 863
A Acronyms and Abbreviationsp. 865
B Referencesp. 881
Indexp. 913