Available:*
Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... | 30000010053819 | TK5105.543 H34 2000 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
Searching... | 30000010057906 | TK5105.543 H34 2000 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
Searching... | 33000000018398 | TK5105.543 H34 2000 | Open Access Book | Gift Book | Searching... |
On Order
Summary
Summary
The industry's leading resource for Internet routing solutions and scenarios
Explore the functions, attributes, and applications of BGP-4, the de facto interdomain routing protocol, through practical scenarios and configuration examples Learn the contemporary Internet structure and understand how to evaluate a service provider in dealing with routing and connectivity issues Master the addressing techniques--including Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)--that are demanded today to facilitate the Internet's rapid and continuing growth Develop optimal routing policies--redundancy, traffic balancing, symmetry, and stability--for your network Learn how to seamlessly integrate your intradomain and interdomain routing and manage large and growing autonomous systemsInternet Routing Architectures, Second Edition, explores the ins and outs of interdomain routing network designs with emphasis on BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol Version 4)--the de facto interdomain routing protocol.
Using a practical, example-oriented approach, this comprehensive resource provides you with real solutions for ISP connectivity issues. You will learn how to integrate your network on the global Internet and discover how to build large-scale autonomous systems. You will also learn to control expansion of interior routing protocols using BGP-4, design sound and stable networks, configure the required policies using Cisco IOS Software, and explore routing practices and rules on the Internet.
157870233X020206
Author Notes
Danny McPherson is currently Director of Architecture, Office of the CTO, at Amber Networks. Formerly, he held technical leadership positions with four Internet service providers (Qwest, GTE Internetworking, Genuity, and internetMCI), where he was responsible for network and product architecture, routing design, peering, and other business- and policy-related issues. McPherson is an active contributor to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), as well as several other standards bodies. He is an acknowledged expert in Internet architecture and routing protocols.
Sam Halabi is the Vice President of Business Development at Extreme Networks, responsible for defining the company's service provider product and business strategy. Recognized as one of the industry's foremost experts in the Service Provider market, Halabi has more than 15 years of experience in complex routing protocols and the design of large-scale IP networks. He is the author of the best-selling book Internet Routing Architectures, a definitive resource for internetworking design alternatives and solutions.
Halabi has held various marketing positions with leading data communications companies, including Cisco Systems, 3Com and Pluris. While at Cisco Systems, he led the Company's IP Carrier marketing efforts.
An active member in the industry, Halabi serves as a board member of the Optical Internetworking Forum and of the MPLS Forum.
Table of Contents
Part I The Contemporary Internet | p. 3 |
Chapter 1 Evolution of the Internet | p. 5 |
Origins and Recent History of the Internet | p. 5 |
From ARPANET to NSFNET | p. 7 |
The Internet Today | p. 8 |
NSFNET Solicitations | p. 10 |
Network Access Points | p. 10 |
What Is a NAP? | p. 11 |
NAP Manager Solicitation | p. 11 |
Federal Internet eXchange | p. 12 |
Commercial Internet eXchange | p. 12 |
Current Physical Configurations at the NAP | p. 13 |
An Alternative to NAPs: Direct Interconnections | p. 14 |
Routing Arbiter Project | p. 14 |
The Very High Speed Backbone Network Service | p. 18 |
Transitioning the Regional Networks from the NSFNET | p. 21 |
NSF Solicits NIS Managers | p. 22 |
Network Information Services | p. 23 |
Creation of the InterNIC | p. 23 |
Directory and Database Services | p. 23 |
Registration Services | p. 25 |
NIC Support Services | p. 25 |
Other Internet Registries | p. 25 |
ARIN | p. 26 |
RIPE NCC | p. 26 |
APNIC | p. 27 |
Internet Routing Registries | p. 27 |
The Once and Future Internet | p. 28 |
Next-Generation Internet Initiative | p. 28 |
Internet2 | p. 30 |
Abilene | p. 31 |
Looking Ahead | p. 32 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 34 |
References | p. 35 |
Chapter 2 ISP Services and Characteristics | p. 37 |
ISP Services | p. 37 |
Dedicated Internet Access | p. 37 |
Frame Relay and ATM Internet Access | p. 38 |
Dialup Services | p. 39 |
Digital Subscriber Line | p. 40 |
Cable Modems | p. 41 |
Dedicated Hosting Services | p. 41 |
Other ISP Services | p. 42 |
ISP Service Pricing, Service-Level Agreements, and Technical Characteristics | p. 42 |
ISP Service Pricing | p. 42 |
Service-Level Agreements | p. 43 |
ISP Backbone Selection Criteria | p. 43 |
Demarcation Point | p. 50 |
Looking Ahead | p. 53 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 54 |
Chapter 3 IP Addressing and Allocation Techniques | p. 57 |
History of Internet Addressing | p. 57 |
Basic IP Addressing | p. 57 |
Basic IP Subnetting | p. 60 |
VLSMs | p. 62 |
IP Address Space Depletion | p. 65 |
IP Address Allocation | p. 66 |
Classless Interdomain Routing | p. 67 |
Private Addressing and Network Address Translation | p. 79 |
IP Version 6 | p. 82 |
Looking Ahead | p. 86 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 87 |
References | p. 89 |
Part II Routing Protocol Basics | p. 91 |
Chapter 4 Interdomain Routing Basics | p. 93 |
Overview of Routers and Routing | p. 93 |
Basic Routing Example | p. 94 |
Routing Protocol Concepts | p. 96 |
Distance Vector Routing Protocols | p. 96 |
Link-State Routing Protocols | p. 99 |
Segregating the World into Autonomous Systems | p. 101 |
Static Routing, Default Routing, and Dynamic Routing | p. 101 |
Autonomous Systems | p. 102 |
Looking Ahead | p. 107 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 108 |
References | p. 109 |
Chapter 5 Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 | p. 111 |
How BGP Works | p. 112 |
BGP Message Header Format | p. 115 |
BGP Neighbor Negotiation | p. 116 |
Finite State Machine Perspective | p. 118 |
Notification Message | p. 120 |
Keepalive Message | p. 122 |
Update Message and Routing Information | p. 122 |
BGP Capabilities Negotiation | p. 127 |
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP | p. 128 |
TCP MD5 Signature Option | p. 129 |
Looking Ahead | p. 131 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 132 |
References | p. 133 |
Part III Effective Internet Routing Designs | p. 135 |
Chapter 6 Chapter Tuning BGP Capabilities | p. 137 |
Building Peer Sessions | p. 137 |
Physical Versus Logical Connections | p. 139 |
Obtaining an IP Address | p. 140 |
Authenticating the BGP Session | p. 140 |
BGP Continuity Inside an AS | p. 141 |
Synchronization Within an AS | p. 142 |
Sources of Routing Updates | p. 144 |
Injecting Information Dynamically into BGP | p. 144 |
Injecting Information Statically into BGP | p. 147 |
Origin of Routes | p. 148 |
An Example of Static Versus Dynamic Routing: Mobile Networks | p. 150 |
Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors | p. 150 |
The Routing Process Simplified | p. 152 |
BGP Routes: Advertisement and Storage | p. 153 |
The BGP Routing Information Bases | p. 154 |
Routes Received from Peers | p. 155 |
Input Policy Engine | p. 155 |
Routes Used by the Router | p. 155 |
Output Policy Engine | p. 156 |
Routes Advertised to Peers | p. 156 |
Sample Routing Environment | p. 156 |
BGP Decision Process Summary | p. 158 |
Controlling BGP Routes | p. 159 |
BGP Path Attributes | p. 160 |
NEXT_HOP Behavior on Multiaccess Media | p. 172 |
NEXT_HOP Behavior Over Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media | p. 173 |
Use of next-hop-self versus Advertising DMZ | p. 174 |
Using Private ASs | p. 175 |
AS_PATH and Route Aggregation Issues | p. 177 |
AS_PATH Manipulation | p. 178 |
Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation | p. 180 |
Inbound and Outbound Filtering | p. 181 |
The Route Filtering and Manipulation Process | p. 182 |
Peer Groups | p. 190 |
BGP-4 Aggregation | p. 192 |
Aggregate Only, Suppressing the More-Specific Routes | p. 192 |
Aggregate Plus More-Specific Routes | p. 193 |
Aggregate with a Subset of the More-Specific Routes | p. 195 |
Loss of Information Inside Aggregates | p. 196 |
Changing the Attributes of the Aggregate | p. 196 |
Forming the Aggregate Based on a Subset of the More-Specific Routes | p. 196 |
Looking Ahead | p. 197 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 199 |
References | p. 201 |
Chapter 7 Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing | p. 203 |
Redundancy | p. 203 |
Geographical Restrictions Pressure | p. 204 |
Setting Default Routes | p. 205 |
Symmetry | p. 210 |
Load Balancing | p. 210 |
Specific Scenarios: Designing Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing | p. 212 |
Scenario 1 Single-Homing | p. 213 |
Scenario 2 Multihoming to a Single Provider | p. 213 |
Scenario 3 Multihoming to Different Providers | p. 223 |
Scenario 4 Customers of the Same Provider with a Backup Link | p. 228 |
Scenario 5 Customers of Different Providers with a Backup Link | p. 231 |
Looking Ahead | p. 236 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 237 |
References | p. 239 |
Chapter 8 Controlling Routing Inside the Autonomous System | p. 241 |
Interaction of Non-BGP Routers with BGP Routers | p. 241 |
Injecting BGP into the IGP | p. 241 |
Following Defaults Inside an AS | p. 242 |
BGP Policies Conflicting with Internal Defaults | p. 244 |
Defaults Inside the AS: Primary/Backup BGP Policy | p. 244 |
Defaults Inside the AS: Other BGP Policies | p. 250 |
Policy Routing | p. 252 |
Policy Routing Based on Traffic Source | p. 252 |
Policy Routing Based on Traffic Source/Destination | p. 253 |
Policy Routing Defaults to Dynamic Routing | p. 254 |
Other Applications of Policy Routing | p. 255 |
Looking Ahead | p. 257 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 258 |
Chapter 9 Controlling Large-Scale Autonomous Systems | p. 261 |
Route Reflectors | p. 261 |
Internal Peers Without Route Reflectors | p. 262 |
Internal Peers with Route Reflectors | p. 263 |
Naming Conventions and Rules of Operation | p. 264 |
Redundancy Issues and Multiple Route Reflectors in an AS | p. 265 |
Route Reflection Topology Models | p. 266 |
Route Reflectors and Peer Groups | p. 269 |
Confederations | p. 271 |
Confederation Drawbacks | p. 273 |
Route Exchange and BGP Decisions with Confederations | p. 274 |
Recommended Confederation Design | p. 274 |
Confederations Versus Route Reflectors | p. 275 |
Controlling IGP Expansion | p. 275 |
Segmenting the AS with Multiple Regions Separated by IBGP | p. 277 |
Segmenting the AS with Multiple Regions Separated by EBGP | p. 279 |
Looking Ahead | p. 283 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 284 |
References | p. 285 |
Chapter 10 Designing Stable Internets | p. 287 |
Route Instabilities on the Internet | p. 287 |
IGP Instability | p. 287 |
Faulty Hardware | p. 288 |
Software Problems | p. 288 |
Insufficient CPU Power | p. 288 |
Insufficient Memory | p. 289 |
Network Upgrades and Routine Maintenance | p. 289 |
Human Error | p. 290 |
Link Congestion | p. 290 |
BGP Stability Features | p. 290 |
Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation | p. 291 |
BGP Route Refresh | p. 291 |
Route Dampening | p. 292 |
Looking Ahead | p. 296 |
Frequently Asked Questions | p. 297 |
Part IV Internet Routing Device Configuration | p. 299 |
Chapter 11 Configuring Basic BGP Functions and Attributes | p. 301 |
Building Peering Sessions | p. 301 |
Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation | p. 308 |
BGP Route Maps | p. 308 |
Prefix Lists | p. 310 |
Identifying and Filtering Routes Based on the NLRI | p. 312 |
Identifying and Filtering Routes Based on the AS_PATH | p. 315 |
Peer Groups | p. 316 |
Sources of Routing Updates | p. 318 |
Injecting Information Dynamically into BGP | p. 318 |
Injecting Information Statically into BGP | p. 325 |
Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors | p. 326 |
BGP Attributes | p. 328 |
The NEXT_HOP Attribute | p. 331 |
The AS_PATH Attribute | p. 332 |
The LOCAL_PREF Attribute | p. 335 |
The MULTI_EXIT_DISC Attribute | p. 337 |
The COMMUNITY Attribute | p. 340 |
BGP-4 Aggregation | p. 342 |
Aggregate Only, Suppressing the More-Specific | p. 343 |
Aggregate Plus More-Specific Routes | p. 346 |
Aggregate with a Subset of the More-Specific Routes | p. 350 |
Loss of Information Inside Aggregates | p. 354 |
Changing the Aggregate's Attributes | p. 357 |
Forming the Aggregate Based on a Subset of Specific Routes | p. 359 |
Looking Ahead | p. 361 |
Chapter 12 Configuring Effective Internet Routing Policies | p. 365 |
Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing | p. 365 |
Dynamically Learned Defaults | p. 365 |
Statically Set Defaults | p. 367 |
Multihoming to a Single Provider | p. 370 |
Multihoming to Different Providers | p. 384 |
Customers of the Same Provider with a Backup Link | p. 388 |
Customers of Different Providers with a Backup Link | p. 391 |
Following Defaults Inside an AS | p. 395 |
BGP Policies Conflicting with the Internal Default | p. 398 |
Policy Routing | p. 411 |
Route Reflectors | p. 415 |
Confederations | p. 419 |
Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation | p. 424 |
BGP Soft Reconfiguration | p. 425 |
Outbound Soft Reconfiguration | p. 425 |
Inbound Soft Reconfiguration | p. 425 |
BGP Route Refresh | p. 429 |
BGP Outbound Request Filter Capability | p. 431 |
Route Dampening | p. 432 |
Looking Ahead | p. 435 |
Part V Appendixes | p. 439 |
Appendix A BGP Command Reference | p. 441 |
Appendix B References for Further Study | p. 449 |
Interesting Organizations | p. 449 |
Research and Education | p. 449 |
Miscellaneous | p. 449 |
Books | p. 450 |
TCP/IP-Related Sources | p. 450 |
Routing-Related Sources | p. 450 |
Internet Request For Comments | p. 450 |
Appendix C BGP Outbound Route Filter (ORF) | p. 455 |
When to Use BGP ORF | p. 455 |
Configuration | p. 456 |
Enabling the BGP ORF Capability as Send-Mode | p. 456 |
Enabling the BGP ORF Capability as Receive-Mode | p. 456 |
Ensuring Backward Compatibility of the Old Knobs | p. 457 |
EXEC Commands | p. 457 |
Pushing Out A Prefix List and Receiving a Route Refresh from a Neighbor | p. 457 |
Displaying the Prefix List Received from a Neighbor | p. 458 |
Displaying Changes to the Neighbor BGP Table | p. 458 |
Closing Remarks | p. 458 |
Appendix D Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) | p. 461 |
The Motivation Behind the New Command-Line Interface | p. 461 |
Organizing Command Groups in the New Configuration | p. 462 |
Activate | p. 464 |
Old Style | p. 464 |
AF Style | p. 464 |
Network | p. 465 |
Old Style | p. 465 |
AF Style | p. 465 |
Peer Groups | p. 465 |
Old Style | p. 466 |
AF Style | p. 466 |
Route Maps | p. 466 |
Old Style | p. 466 |
AF Style | p. 467 |
Redistribution | p. 468 |
Old Style | p. 468 |
AF Style | p. 468 |
Route Reflector | p. 469 |
Old Style | p. 469 |
AF Style | p. 469 |
Aggregation | p. 469 |
Old Style | p. 470 |
AF Style | p. 470 |
List of BGP Commands | p. 470 |
Upgrading to the AF Style | p. 472 |
References | p. 473 |
Index | p. 475 |