Electronic devices and circuit theory

Completely updated with the most current computer analysis coverage, this classic book on electronic devices and circuit theory provides a detailed study and high level of accuracy, offering users a complete and comprehensive survey on all the essentials they will need to understand in order to be successful on the job. Divided into two main components (the dc analysis and the ac or frequency response), it uses a "building block" approach, progressing from one chapter to another in a systematic manner. Featuring a well-designed color format that highlights and defines important concepts, it covers a majority of the important configurations and applications for each device, and includes numerous examples and applications to reinforce and enhance understanding. Ensures comprehension of fundamental concepts such as diodes and transistors before tackling the more advanced topics such as compound configurations and oscilloscopes. Offers complete coverage of small-signal analysis, and reflects on the growing importance of operational amplifiers in today's market. Examines all of the typical configurations of JFET and MOSFET circuits, along with the basics of designing FET amplifier networks. Devotes a full chapter to BJT transistor modeling to ensure a clear and correct understanding of this key topic, and integrates troubleshooting sections in most chapters that provide general hints on how to isolate a problem, how to identify its causes, and what action to take to rectify it. Uses the very latest version of PSpice Windows (Version 8) throughout the book; hones presentations and simplifies some of the more complex sections; and updates all the artwork, photographs, tables, and specification sheets to meet current standards.

Preface	p. v
Acknowledgments	p. ix
1 Semiconductor Diodes	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Ideal Diode	p. 1
1.3 Semiconductor Materials	p. 3
1.4 Energy Levels	p. 6
1.5 Extrinsic Materials--n- and p-Type	p. 7
1.6 Semiconductor Diode	p. 10
1.7 Mathcad	p. 17
1.8 Resistance Levels	p. 20
1.9 Diode Equivalent Circuits	p. 26
1.10 Diode Specification Sheets	p. 29
1.11 Transition and Diffusion Capacitance	p. 33
1.12 Reverse Recovery Time	p. 34
1.13 Semiconductor Diode Notation	p. 34
1.14 Diode Testing	p. 35
1.15 Zener Diodes	p. 37
1.16 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)	p. 40
1.17 Diode Arrays--Integrated Circuits	p. 45
1.18 Summary	p. 46
1.19 Computer Analysis	p. 47
2 Diode Applications	p. 55
2.1 Introduction	p. 55
2.2 Load-Line Analysis	p. 56
2.3 Diode Approximations	p. 62
2.4 Series Diode Configurations with DC Inputs	p. 64
2.5 Parallel and Series--Parallel Configurations	p. 69
2.6 AND/OR Gates	p. 72
2.7 Sinusoidal Inputs; Half-Wave Rectification	p. 74
2.8 Full-Wave Rectification	p. 77
2.9 Clippers	p. 81
2.10 Clampers	p. 88
2.11 Zener Diodes	p. 92
2.12 Voltage-Multiplier Circuits	p. 98
2.13 Practical Applications	p. 100
2.14 Summary	p. 112
2.15 Computer Analysis	p. 113
3 Bipolar Junction Transistors	p. 131
3.1 Introduction	p. 131
3.2 Transistor Construction	p. 132
3.3 Transistor Operation	p. 132
3.4 Common-Base Configuration	p. 134
3.5 Transistor Amplifying Action	p. 138
3.6 Common-Emitter Configuration	p. 139
3.7 Common-Collector Configuration	p. 146
3.8 Limits of Operation	p. 147
3.9 Transistor Specification Sheet	p. 149
3.10 Transistor Testing	p. 153
3.11 Transistor Casing and Terminal Identification	p. 155
3.12 Summary	p. 156
3.13 Computer Analysis	p. 158
4 DC Biasing--BJTs	p. 163
4.1 Introduction	p. 163
4.2 Operating Point	p. 164
4.3 Fixed-Bias Circuit	p. 166
4.4 Emitter-Stabilized Bias Circuit	p. 173
4.5 Voltage-Divider Bias	p. 177
4.6 DC Bias with Voltage Feedback	p. 186
4.7 Miscellaneous Bias Configurations	p. 189
4.8 Design Operations	p. 195
4.9 Transistor Switching Networks	p. 201
4.10 Troubleshooting Techniques	p. 206
4.11 PNP Transistors	p. 209
4.12 Bias Stabilization	p. 210
4.13 Practical Applications	p. 220
4.14 Summary	p. 228
4.15 Computer Analysis	p. 231
5 Field-Effect Transistors	p. 245
5.1 Introduction	p. 211
5.2 Construction and Characteristics of JFETs	p. 246
5.3 Transfer Characteristics	p. 253
5.4 Specification Sheets (JFETs)	p. 259
5.5 Instrumentation	p. 260
5.6 Important Relationships	p. 262
5.7 Depletion-Type MOSFET	p. 265
5.8 Enhancement-Type MOSFET	p. 268
5.9 MOSFET Handling	p. 276
5.10 VMOS	p. 277
5.11 CMOS	p. 278
5.12 Summary Table	p. 280
5.13 Summary	p. 281
5.14 Computer Analysis	p. 282
6 Fet Biasing	p. 289
6.1 Introduction	p. 289
6.2 Fixed-Bias Configuration	p. 290
6.3 Self-Bias Configuration	p. 294
6.4 Voltage-Divider Biasing	p. 301
6.5 Depletion-Type MOSFETs	p. 307
6.6 Enhancement-Type MOSFETs	p. 311
6.7 Summary Table	p. 317
6.8 Combination Networks	p. 319
6.9 Design	p. 322
6.10 Troubleshooting	p. 324
6.11 P-Channel FETs	p. 325
6.12 Universal JFET Bias Curve	p. 328
6.13 Practical Applications	p. 331
6.14 Summary	p. 343
6.15 Computer Analysis	p. 344
7 BJT Transistor Modeling	p. 355
7.1 Introduction	p. 355
7.2 Amplification in the AC Domain	p. 355
7.3 BJT Transistor Modeling	p. 356
7.4 The Important Parameters: Z[subscript i], Z[subscript o], A[subscript v], A[subscript i]	p. 358
7.5 The r[subscript e] Transistor Model	p. 364
7.6 The Hybrid Equivalent Model	p. 371
7.7 Graphical Determination of the h-Parameters	p. 377
7.8 Variations of Transistor Parameters	p. 381
8 BJT Small-Signal Analysis	p. 389
8.1 Introduction	p. 389
8.2 Common-Emitter Fixed-Bias Configuration	p. 389
8.3 Voltage-Divider Bias	p. 393
8.4 CE Emitter-Bias Configuration	p. 396
8.5 Emitter-Follower Configuration	p. 404
8.6 Common-Base Configuration	p. 409
8.7 Collector Feedback Configuration	p. 411
8.8 Collector DC Feedback Configuration	p. 417
8.9 Approximate Hybrid Equivalent Circuit	p. 420
8.10 Complete Hybrid Equivalent Model	p. 426
8.11 Summary Table	p. 433
8.12 Troubleshooting	p. 433
8.13 Practical Applications	p. 436
8.14 Summary	p. 444
8.15 Computer Analysis	p. 446
9 FET Small-Signal Analysis	p. 461
9.1 Introduction	p. 461
9.2 FET Small-Signal Model	p. 462
9.3 JFET Fixed-Bias Configuration	p. 469
9.4 JFET Self-Bias Configuration	p. 472
9.5 JFET Voltage-Divider Configuration	p. 479
9.6 JFET Source-Follower (Common-Drain) Configuration	p. 480
9.7 JFET Common-Gate Configuration	p. 483
9.8 Depletion-Type MOSFETs	p. 487
9.9 Enhancement-Type MOSFETs	p. 489
9.10 E-MOSFET Drain-Feedback Configuration	p. 490
9.11 E-MOSFET Voltage-Divider Configuration	p. 493
9.12 Designing FET Amplifier Networks	p. 494
9.13 Summary Table	p. 497
9.14 Troubleshooting	p. 500
9.15 Practical Applications	p. 500
9.16 Summary	p. 510
9.17 Computer Analysis	p. 512
10 Systems Approach--Effects of R[subscript S] and R[subscript L]	p. 525
10.1 Introduction	p. 525
10.2 Two-Port Systems	p. 525
10.3 Effect of a Load Impedance (R[subscript L])	p. 527
10.4 Effect of a Source Impedance (R[subscript S])	p. 532
10.5 Combined Effect of R[subscript S] and R[subscript L]	p. 534
10.6 BJT CE Networks	p. 536
10.7 BJT Emitter-Follower Networks	p. 542
10.8 BJT CB Networks	p. 545
10.9 FET Networks	p. 547
10.10 Summary Table	p. 550
10.11 Cascaded Systems	p. 554
10.12 Summary	p. 555
10.13 Computer Analysis	p. 557
11 BJT and Jfet Frequency Response	p. 569
11.1 Introduction	p. 569
11.2 Logarithms	p. 569
11.3 Decibels	p. 575
11.4 General Frequency Considerations	p. 576
11.5 Low-Frequency Analysis--Bode Plot	p. 579
11.6 Low-Frequency Response--BJT Amplifier	p. 586
11.7 Low-Frequency Response--FET Amplifier	p. 594
11.8 Miller Effect Capacitance	p. 600
11.9 High-Frequency Response--BJT Amplifier	p. 602
11.10 High-Frequency Response--FET Amplifier	p. 609
11.11 Multistage Frequency Effects	p. 613
11.12 Square-Wave Testing	p. 615
11.13 Summary	p. 617
11.14 Computer Analysis	p. 620
12 Compound Configurations	p. 627
12.1 Introduction	p. 627
12.2 Cascade Connection	p. 627
12.3 Cascode Connection	p. 632
12.4 Darlington Connection	p. 633
12.5 Feedback Pair	p. 638
12.6 CMOS Circuit	p. 642
12.7 Current Source Circuits	p. 644
12.8 Current Mirror Circuits	p. 646
12.9 Differential Amplifier Circuit	p. 651
12.10 BIFET, BIMOS, and CMOS Differential Amplifier Circuits	p. 657
12.11 Summary	p. 658
12.12 Computer Analysis	p. 660
13 Operational Amplifiers	p. 675
13.1 Introduction	p. 675
13.2 Differential and Common-Mode Operation	p. 677
13.3 Op-Amp Basics	p. 681
13.4 Practical Op-Amp Circuits	p. 685
13.5 Op-Amp Specifications--DC Offset Parameters	p. 691
13.6 Op-Amp Specifications--Frequency Parameters	p. 694
13.7 Op-Amp Unit Specifications	p. 698
13.8 Summary	p. 704
13.9 Computer Analysis	p. 705
14 Op-Amp Applications	p. 715
14.1 Constant-Gain Multiplier	p. 715
14.2 Voltage Summing	p. 719
14.3 Voltage Buffer	p. 722
14.4 Controller Sources	p. 723
14.5 Instrumentation Circuits	p. 725
14.6 Active Filters	p. 729
14.7 Summary	p. 733
14.8 Computer Analysis	p. 733
15 Power Amplifiers	p. 747
15.1 Introduction--Definitions and Amplifier Types	p. 747
15.2 Series-Fed Class A Amplifier	p. 749
15.3 Transformer-Coupled Class A Amplifier	p. 754
15.4 Class B Amplifier Operation	p. 761
15.5 Class B Amplifier Circuits	p. 765
15.6 Amplifier Distortion	p. 772
15.7 Power Transistor Heat Sinking	p. 776
15.8 Class C and Class D Amplifiers	p. 780
15.9 Summary	p. 782
15.10 Computer Analysis	p. 784
16 Linear-Digital ICs	p. 791
16.1 Introduction	p. 791
16.2 Comparator Unit Operation	p. 791
16.3 Digital-Analog Converters	p. 798
16.4 Timer IC Unit Operation	p. 802
16.5 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator	p. 805
16.6 Phase-Locked Loop	p. 808
16.7 Interfacing Circuitry	p. 812
16.8 Summary	p. 815
16.9 Computer Analysis	p. 815
17 Feedback and Oscillator Circuits	p. 821
17.1 Feedback Concepts	p. 821
17.2 Feedback Connection Types	p. 822
17.3 Practical Feedback Circuits	p. 828
17.4 Feedback Amplifier--Phase and Frequency Considerations	p. 835
17.5 Oscillator Operation	p. 837
17.6 Phase-Shift Oscillator	p. 839
17.7 Wien Bridge Oscillator	p. 842
17.8 Tuned Oscillator Circuit	p. 843
17.9 Crystal Oscillator	p. 846
17.10 Unijunction Oscillator	p. 850
17.11 Summary	p. 852
17.12 Computer Analysis	p. 853
18 Power Supplies (Voltage Regulators)	p. 859
18.1 Introduction	p. 859
18.2 General Filter Considerations	p. 859
18.3 Capacitor Filter	p. 862
18.4 RC Filter	p. 865
18.5 Discrete Transistor Voltage Regulation	p. 868
18.6 IC Voltage Regulators	p. 875
18.7 Practical Applications	p. 880
18.8 Summary	p. 883
18.9 Computer Analysis	p. 884
19 Other Two-Terminal Devices	p. 889
19.1 Introduction	p. 889
19.2 Schottky Barrier (Hot-Carrier) Diodes	p. 889
19.3 Varactor (Varicap) Diodes	p. 892
19.4 Power Diodes	p. 897
19.5 Tunnel Diodes	p. 898
19.6 Photodiodes	p. 902
19.7 Photoconductive Cells	p. 906
19.8 IR Emitters	p. 908
19.9 Liquid-Crystal Displays	p. 909
19.10 Solar Cells	p. 912
19.11 Thermistors	p. 916
19.12 Summary	p. 918
20 pnpn and Other Devices	p. 923
20.1 Introduction	p. 923
20.2 Silicon-Controlled Rectifier	p. 923
20.3 Basic Silicon-Controlled Rectifier Operation	p. 923
20.4 SCR Characteristics and Ratings	p. 925
20.5 SCR Construction and Terminal Identification	p. 927
20.6 SCR Applications	p. 928
20.7 Silicon-Controlled Switch	p. 932
20.8 Gate Turn-Off Switch	p. 934
20.9 Light-Activated SCR	p. 935
20.10 Shockley Diode	p. 937
20.11 DIAC	p. 938
20.12 TRIAC	p. 940
20.13 Unijunction Transistor	p. 941
20.14 Phototransistors	p. 950
20.15 Opto-Isolators	p. 952
20.16 Programmable Unijunction Transistor	p. 955
20.17 Summary	p. 960
21 Oscilloscope and Other Measuring Instruments	p. 965
21.1 Introduction	p. 965
21.2 Cathode Ray Tube--Theory and Construction	p. 965
21.3 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Operation	p. 966
21.4 Voltage Sweep Operation	p. 967
21.5 Synchronization and Triggering	p. 970
21.6 Multitrace Operation	p. 974
21.7 Measurement Using Calibrated CRO Scales	p. 974
21.8 Special CRO Features	p. 979
21.9 Signal Generators	p. 980
21.10 Computer Analysis	p. 982
Appendices
A Making the Chips That Run the World	p. 983
B Hybrid Parameters--Conversion Equations (Exact and Approximate)	p. 996
C Ripple Factor and Voltage Calculations	p. 998
D Charts and Tables	p. 1005
E Solutions to Selected Odd-Numbered Problems	p. 1007
Index	p. 1013

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