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Summary
Summary
In a local area network (LAN) or intranet, there are many pieces of hardare trying to gain access to the network transmission media at the same time (i.e., phone lines, coax, wireless, etc.). However, a network cable or wireless transmission frequency can physically only allow one node to use it at a given time. Therefore, there must be some way to regulate which node has control of the medium (a media access control, or MAC, protocol). Ethernet is a MAC protocol; it is one way to regulate physical access to network tranmission media.
Ethernet networking is used primarily by networks that are contained within a single physical location. If you need to design, install, and manage a network in such an envronment, i.e., home or small business office, then Ethernet Networking for the Small Office and Professional Home Office will give you an in-depth understanding of the technology involved in an Ethernet network.
One of the major goals of this book is to demystify the jargon of networks so that the reader gains a working familiarity with common networking terminology and acronyms.
In addition, this books explains not only how to choose and configure network hardware but also provides practical information about the types of network devices and software needed to make it all work. Tips and direction on how to manage an Ethernet network are also provided.
This book therefore goes beyond the hardware aspects of Ethernet to look at the entire network from bottom to top, along with enough technical detail to enable the reader to make intelligent choices about what types of transmission media are used and the way in which the various parts of the network are interconnected.
Author Notes
Jan L. Harrington, is a full-time faculty member in the Department of Computer Science, Information Technology, and Information Systems at Marist College
Table of Contents
Preface | p. ix |
What You Need to Know | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xi |
Part 1 Introduction | |
Chapter 1 Introduction | p. 3 |
Anatomy of a Network | p. 3 |
Network Components | p. 5 |
Clients, Servers, and Peers | p. 7 |
Data Communications Protocols | p. 9 |
Layered Protocols | p. 11 |
Another Word on Protocol Stacks | p. 13 |
Network Operating Systems | p. 14 |
What Ethernet Really Means | p. 15 |
Types of Ethernet | p. 15 |
The Speed and Bandwidth Connection | p. 17 |
Ethernet Standards | p. 18 |
A Bit of Ethernet History | p. 19 |
Chapter 2 How TCP/IP and Ethernet Work | p. 21 |
Network Data Transmission | p. 22 |
Major TCP/IP Protocols | p. 23 |
The Operation of a Protocol Stack | p. 23 |
The Application Layer | p. 24 |
The Transport Layer | p. 25 |
The Internet Layer | p. 29 |
The Logical Link Control Layer | p. 31 |
The Ethernet MAC Protocol | p. 33 |
Ethernet Frames | p. 33 |
Ethernet Media Access | p. 35 |
Alternative Protocol Stacks | p. 38 |
Part 2 Design and Connectivity | |
Chapter 3 Fast and Gigabit Ethernet Media and Standards | p. 41 |
UTP Cabling | p. 41 |
UTP Standards | p. 42 |
UTP Cabling Lengths | p. 44 |
UTP Jack Wiring | p. 46 |
Fiber Optic Cabling | p. 47 |
Single versus Multimode Fiber Optics | p. 48 |
Fiber Optic Cable Bundles | p. 49 |
Fast Ethernet Standards | p. 50 |
Twisted-Pair Wire | p. 51 |
Fiber Optics | p. 51 |
Gigabit Ethernet Standards | p. 52 |
Fiber Optics | p. 52 |
Twisted-Pair Wire | p. 53 |
Chapter 4 Creating Network Segments | p. 55 |
Hubs (Repeaters) | p. 56 |
Unmanaged Hubs | p. 57 |
Managed Hubs | p. 59 |
Stackable Hubs | p. 62 |
Propagation Delay | p. 62 |
Switches | p. 64 |
Switch Learning | p. 66 |
Creating a Simple Switched Segment | p. 68 |
Creating Hierarchical Switched Configurations | p. 68 |
Cabling Issues | p. 73 |
Looping Issues | p. 74 |
Where Do You Put It? Wiring Closets, Walls, Floors, and Ceilings-Oh, My! | p. 75 |
Appendix Wiring RJ-45 Plugs and Connectors | p. 81 |
Chapter 5 Connecting to the Internet | p. 89 |
ISPs and IP Addresses | p. 89 |
Internet Connection Protocols | p. 91 |
Point-to-Point Protocol | p. 91 |
Point-to-Point Protocol Over Ethernet for Cable and DSL | p. 92 |
Dial-up Connections | p. 92 |
Modems and POTS | p. 92 |
Integrated Services Digital Network | p. 97 |
Direct Connections | p. 100 |
Satellite | p. 100 |
Cable | p. 103 |
Digital Subscriber Line | p. 105 |
Leased Lines | p. 108 |
Wireless | p. 109 |
Chapter 6 Routing | p. 111 |
IP Addressing | p. 112 |
IPv4 Addressing | p. 113 |
IPv6 Addressing | p. 115 |
Getting an IP Address | p. 117 |
ISPs and IP Addresses | p. 118 |
Static IP Addresses | p. 118 |
Dynamic IP Addresses | p. 122 |
Domain Names and DNS | p. 125 |
Making Routing Decisions | p. 127 |
Routers and the TCP/IP Protocol Stack | p. 127 |
Routing Tables | p. 128 |
Subnet Masking | p. 129 |
Router Capabilities | p. 130 |
Making Connections and Network Address Translation | p. 131 |
Firewalls and Port Management | p. 132 |
Adding Routers to an Ethernet | p. 133 |
Physical Connections | p. 133 |
Configuring the Router | p. 135 |
Chapter 7 Integrating Wireless Transmissions | p. 141 |
Wireless MAC Protocol versus Ethernet MAC Protocol | p. 142 |
Wireless Speeds and Standards | p. 142 |
Wireless Access Points | p. 144 |
Service Set Identifiers | p. 144 |
Adding Access Points to a Wired Network | p. 147 |
Wireless Security Issues | p. 148 |
WEP | p. 148 |
WiFi Protected Access | p. 150 |
Part 3 Making the Network Work | |
Chapter 8 Network Servers: Files, the Web, and Printers | p. 155 |
Client-Server versus Peer-to-Peer File Sharing | p. 156 |
Server Operating Systems | p. 157 |
File Server Services | p. 157 |
Widely Used Server Operating Systems | p. 158 |
Web Servers | p. 166 |
Print Serving | p. 167 |
Shared Printer Architectures | p. 168 |
Occasional Printer Sharing | p. 168 |
Printing through a Server | p. 174 |
Chapter 9 Network Maintenance, Monitoring, and Control | p. 177 |
Command-Line Tools | p. 178 |
netstat | p. 179 |
ping | p. 182 |
Sample GUI-Based Tools | p. 183 |
Freeware: Spiceworks | p. 184 |
For Very Small Networks: Network Magic | p. 186 |
For Larger Networks: LANsurveyor | p. 189 |
Real-Time Monitoring and Packet Sniffing | p. 193 |
Example: LANdecoder32 | p. 193 |
Remote Control | p. 196 |
Making a Connection | p. 196 |
Observation and Control | p. 197 |
File Exchange | p. 200 |
Messaging | p. 200 |
Chapter 10 Security Issues | p. 203 |
Security Threats to Home and Small Offices | p. 204 |
Malware | p. 204 |
Denial-of-Service Attacks | p. 205 |
Authentication Vulnerabilities | p. 206 |
Employees and Other Local People | p. 207 |
Physical Vulnerabilities | p. 214 |
Basic Defenses | p. 214 |
Virus Detection Software | p. 214 |
Firewalls | p. 222 |
Software Patching | p. 226 |
Backup | p. 227 |
Passwords | p. 234 |
Enhancing Password Security with Tokens | p. 234 |
User Education | p. 236 |
Handling DoS Attacks | p. 236 |
Advanced Defenses | p. 241 |
Intrusion Detection Systems | p. 241 |
Virtual Private Networks | p. 244 |
Security Resources | p. 248 |
Professional Security Update Sites | p. 248 |
Other Sites of Interest | p. 249 |
Chapter 11 Network Design and Simulation Software | p. 251 |
Network Design Tools | p. 252 |
The Network Hierarchy | p. 253 |
Choosing and Configuring Network Devices | p. 254 |
Linking Network Devices | p. 263 |
Simulating Network Traffic | p. 267 |
Assigning Traffic Loads | p. 268 |
Running Simulations | p. 270 |
Documenting the Network Design | p. 272 |
Part 4 Ethernet Solution Examples | |
Chapter 12 Network Example 1: Professional Home Network | p. 277 |
Chapter 13 Ethernet Example 2: Small-But-Growing Real Estate | p. 281 |
Business Overview | p. 281 |
Network Plans | p. 283 |
Network Design Considerations | p. 284 |
Chapter 14 Network Example 3: Small Law Firm | p. 289 |
The Internet, the Backbone, and Equipment Rooms | p. 291 |
Between the Floors | p. 293 |
The Fifth-Floor Server Room | p. 294 |
The Fourth-Floor Wiring Closet | p. 295 |
Connecting End-User Devices | p. 295 |
Security Considerations | p. 297 |
Appendix A Older Ethernet Standards | p. 299 |
Thick Coaxial Cable (10BASE5) | p. 300 |
Thin Coaxial Cable (10BASE2) | p. 301 |
10BASE-T | p. 305 |
Creating 10BASE-T Network Segments with a Hub | p. 305 |
Appendix B TCP and UDP Ports | p. 309 |
Well-Known Ports | p. 309 |
Registered Ports | p. 314 |
Port List References | p. 315 |
Appendix C Products and Vendors | p. 317 |
Glossary | p. 323 |
Index | p. 333 |