Computational fluid dynamics for engineers

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Title:

Publication Information:

Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2012

Physical Description:

xi, 189 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

ISBN:

9781107018952

Subject Term:

Fluid dynamics

Engineering mathematics

Added Author:

Andersson, Bengt, 1947-

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... MJIIT Library	30000010242559	TA357 C587 2012	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010297776	TA357 C587 2012	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Computational fluid dynamics, CFD, has become an indispensable tool for many engineers. This book gives an introduction to CFD simulations of turbulence, mixing, reaction, combustion and multiphase flows. The emphasis on understanding the physics of these flows helps the engineer to select appropriate models to obtain reliable simulations. Besides presenting the equations involved, the basics and limitations of the models are explained and discussed. The book combined with tutorials, project and power-point lecture notes (all available for download) forms a complete course. The reader is given hands-on experience of drawing, meshing and simulation. The tutorials cover flow and reactions inside a porous catalyst, combustion in turbulent non-premixed flow, and multiphase simulation of evaporation spray respectively. The project deals with design of an industrial-scale selective catalytic reduction process and allows the reader to explore various design improvements and apply best practice guidelines in the CFD simulations.

Author Notes

Bengt Andersson is a Professor in Chemical Engineering at Chalmers University, Sweden.
Ronnie Andersson is an Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering at Chalmers University, Sweden.
Love Hkansson works as Consultant at Engineering Data Resources - EDR in Oslo, Norway.
Mikael Mortensen is working with fluid dynamics at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment in Lillehammer, Norway.
Rahman Sudiyo is a Lecturer at the University of Gadjah Mada in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Berend van Wachem is a Reader at Imperial College London in the UK.

Preface	p. ix
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Modelling in engineering	p. 1
1.2 CFD simulations	p. 1
1.3 Applications in engineering	p. 2
1.4 Flow	p. 2
1.4.1 Laminar flow	p. 3
1.4.2 Turbulent flow	p. 3
1.4.3 Single-phase flow	p. 4
1.4.4 Multiphase flow	p. 4
1.5 CFD programs	p. 4
2 Modelling	p. 8
2.1 Mass, heat and momentum balances	p. 9
2.1.1 Viscosity, diffusion and heat conduction	p. 9
2.2 The equation of continuity	p. 12
2.3 The equation of motion	p. 14
2.4 Energy transport	p. 16
2.4.1 The balance for kinetic energy	p. 16
2.4.2 The balance for thermal energy	p. 18
2.5 The balance for species	p. 18
2.6 Boundary conditions	p. 18
2.6.1 Inlet and outlet boundaries	p. 19
2.6.2 Wall boundaries	p. 19
2.6.3 Symmetry and axis boundary conditions	p. 20
2.6.4 Initial conditions	p. 20
2.6.5 Domain settings	p. 21
2.7 Physical properties	p. 21
2.7.1 The equation of state	p. 22
2.7.2 Viscosity	p. 22
3 Numerical aspects of CFD	p. 24
3.1 Introduction	p. 24
3.2 Numerical methods for CFD	p. 25
3.2.1 The finite-volume method	p. 25
3.2.2 Geometrical definitions	p. 26
3.3 Cell balancing	p. 26
3.3.1 The convective term	p. 27
3.3.2 The diffusion term	p. 28
3.3.3 The source term	p. 28
3.4 Example 1 - ID mass diffusion in a flowing gas	p. 29
3.4.1 Solution	p. 29
3.4.2 Concluding remarks	p. 33
3.5 The Gauss-Seidel algorithm	p. 33
3.6 Example 2 - Gauss-Seidel	p. 34
3.7 Measures of convergence	p. 37
3.8 Discretization schemes	p. 38
3.8.1 Example 3 - increased velocity	p. 39
3.8.2 Boundedness and transportiveness	p. 40
3.8.3 The upwind schemes	p. 40
3.8.4 Taylor expansions	p. 42
3.8.5 Accuracy	p. 43
3.8.6 The hybrid scheme	p. 44
3.8.7 The power-law scheme	p. 45
3.8.8 The Quick scheme	p. 46
3.8.9 More advanced discretization schemes	p. 46
3.9 Solving the velocity field	p. 47
3.9.1 Under-relaxation	p. 49
3.10 Multigrid	p. 50
3.11 Unsteady flows	p. 51
3.11.1 Example 4 - time-dependent simulation	p. 52
3.11.2 Conclusions on the different time discretization methods	p. 57
3.12 Meshing	p. 58
3.12.1 Mesh generation	p. 58
3.12.2 Adaptation	p. 60
3.12.3 Numerical diffusion	p. 60
3.13 Summary	p. 61
4 Turbulent-flow modelling	p. 62
4.1 The physics of fluid turbulence	p. 62
4.1.1 Characteristic features of turbulent flows	p. 63
4.1.2 Statistical methods	p. 66
4.1.3 Flow stability	p. 69
4.1.4 The Kolmogorov hypotheses	p. 70
4.1.5 The energy cascade	p. 72
4.1.6 Sources of turbulence	p. 74
4.1.7 The turbulent energy spectrum	p. 75
4.2 Turbulence modelling	p. 76
4.2.1 Direct numerical simulation	p. 79
4.2.2 Large-eddy simulation	p. 79
4.2.3 Reynolds decomposition	p. 81
4.2.4 Models based on the turbulent viscosity hypothesis	p. 86
4.2.5 Reynolds stress models (RSMs)	p. 96
4.2.6 Advanced turbulence modelling	p. 99
4.2.7 Comparisons of various turbulence models	p. 99
4.3 Near-wall modelling	p. 99
4.3.1 Turbulent boundary layers	p. 101
4.3.2 Wall functions	p. 104
4.3.3 Improved near-wall-modelling	p. 107
4.3.4 Comparison of three near-wall modelling approaches	p. 109
4.4 Inlet and outlet boundary conditions	p. 110
4.5 Summary	p. 112
5 Turbulent mixing and chemical reactions	p. 113
5.1 Introduction	p. 114
5.2 Problem description	p. 115
5.3 The nature of turbulent mixing	p. 117
5.4 Mixing of a conserved scalar	p. 119
5.4.1 Mixing timescales	p. 119
5.4.2 Probability density functions	p. 120
5.4.3 Modelling of turbulent mixing	p. 124
5.5 Modelling of chemical reactions	p. 130
5.5.1 Da"1	p. 130
5.5.2 Da"1	p. 131
5.5.3 Da1	p. 138
5.6 Non-PDF models	p. 141
5.7 Summary	p. 142
6 Multiphase flow modelling	p. 143
6.1 Introduction	p. 144
6.1.1 Characterization of multiphase flows	p. 144
6.1.2 Coupling between a continuous phase and a dispersed phase	p. 146
6.2 Forces on dispersed particles	p. 147
6.3 Computational models	p. 149
6.3.1 Choosing a multiphase model	p. 150
6.3.2 Direct numerical simulations	p. 151
6.3.3 Lagrangian particle simulations, the point-particle approach	p. 152
6.3.4 Euler-Euler models	p. 155
6.3.5 The mixture model	p. 156
6.3.6 Models for stratified fluid-fluid flows	p. 158
6.3.7 Models for flows in porous media	p. 160
6.4 Closure models	p. 161
6.4.1 Interphase drag	p. 161
6.4.2 Particle interactions	p. 163
6.4.3 Heat and mass transfer	p. 168
6.5 Boundaries and boundary conditions	p. 169
6.5.1 Lagrangian dispersed phase	p. 169
6.5.2 Eulerian dispersed phase	p. 170
6.6 Summary	p. 171
6.6.1 Guidelines for selecting a multiphase model	p. 172
7 Best-practice guidelines	p. 174
7.1 Application uncertainty	p. 175
7.1.1 Geometry and grid design	p. 175
7.2 Numerical uncertainty	p. 175
7.2.1 Convergence	p. 175
7.2.2 Enhancing convergence	p. 176
7.2.3 Numerical errors	p. 176
7.2.4 Temporal discretization	p. 177
7.3 Turbulence modelling	p. 177
7.3.1 Boundary conditions	p. 177
7.4 Reactions	p. 178
7.5 Multiphase modelling	p. 178
7.6 Sensitivity analysis	p. 180
7.7 Verification, validation and calibration	p. 180
Appendix	p. 181
References	p. 185
Index	p. 186

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