Quantum optics with semiconductor nanostructures

An understanding of the interaction between light and matter on a quantum level is of fundamental interest and has many applications in optical technologies. The quantum nature of the interaction has recently attracted great attention for applications of semiconductor nanostructures in quantum information processing. Quantum optics with semiconductor nanostructures is a key guide to the theory, experimental realisation, and future potential of semiconductor nanostructures in the exploration of quantum optics.

Part one provides a comprehensive overview of single quantum dot systems, beginning with a look at resonance fluorescence emission. Quantum optics with single quantum dots in photonic crystal and micro cavities are explored in detail, before part two goes on to review nanolasers with quantum dot emitters. Light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures, including photon statistics and photoluminescence, is the focus of part three, whilst part four explores all-solid-state quantum optics, crystal nanobeam cavities and quantum-dot microcavity systems. Finally, part five investigates ultrafast phenomena, including femtosecond quantum optics and coherent optoelectronics with quantum dots.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Quantum optics with semiconductor nanostructures is an essential guide for all those involved with the research, development, manufacture and use of semiconductors nanodevices, lasers and optical components, as well as scientists, researchers and students.

Author Notes

Frank Jahnke is Professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, Germany, and is internationally known for his research on semiconductor quantum optics.

S. M. Ulrich and A. Ulhaq and P. MichlerA. Majumdar and M. Bajcsy and K. Rivoire and S. Buckley and A. Faraon and E. D. Kim and D. Englund and J. VuckovicC. Gies and M. Florian and F. Jahnke and P. GartnerS. Reitzenstein and A. ForchelM. Aβmann and M. BayerS. StraufJ-B. Shim and A. Eberspächer and J. Wiersig and J. Unterhinninghofen and Q. H. Song and L. Ge and H. Cao and A. D. StoneA. Carmele and M-R. Dachner and J. Kabuss and M. Richter and F. Milde and A. KnorrF. P. Laussy and E. Del Valle and A. Laucht and A. Gonzalez-Tudela and M. Kaniber and J. J. Finley and C. TejedorG. Tarel and V. Savona and M. Winger and T. Volz and A. Imamoglu and Eidgenössische Technische HochschuleL. Schneebeli and M. Kira and S.W. KochP. LodahlJ. Hendrickson and A. Homyk and A. Scherer and T. Alasaarela and A. Säynätjoki and S. Honkanen and B. C. Richards and J-Y. Kim and Y-H. Lee and R. Gibson and M. Gehl and J. D. Olitzky and S. Zandbergen and H. M. Gibbs and G. KhitrovaC. Kruse and S. Figge and D. HommelR. Bratschitsch and R. Huber and A. LeitenstorferS. Michaelis de Vasconcellos and S. Gordon and D. Mantei and Y. A. Leier and M. Al-Hmoud and W. Quiring and A. Zrenner

Contributor contact details	p. xiii
Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials	p. xix
Preface	p. xxiii
Part I Single quantum dot systems	p. 1
1 Resonance fluorescence emission from single semiconductor quantum dots coupled to high-quality microcavities	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Emitter state preparation in single semiconductor quantum dots: role of dephasing	p. 5
1.3 Resonance fluorescence from a single semiconductor quantum dot	p. 9
1.4 Dephasing of Mollow triplet sideband emission from a quantum dot in a microcavity	p. 24
1.5 The phenomenon of non-resonant quantum dot-cavity coupling	p. 30
1.6 Conclusion	p. 40
1.7 Acknowledgments	p. 41
1.8 References	p. 41
2 Quantum optics with single quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities	p. 46
2.1 Introduction	p. 46
2.2 Integrated, solid-state quantum optics platform: InAs quantum dots (QDs) and photonic crystal nanocavities	p. 47
2.3 Photon blockade and photon-assisted tunneling	p. 52
2.4 Fast, electrical control of a single quantum dot-cavity system	p. 57
2.5 Phonon-mediated off-resonant interaction in a quantum dot-cavity system	p. 63
2.6 Quantum photonic interfaces between In As quantum dots and telecom wavelengths	p. 70
2.7 Future trends and conclusions	p. 73
2.8 Acknowledgments	p. 73
2.9 References	p. 73
3 Modeling single quantum dots in microcavities	p. 78
3.1 Introduction	p. 78
3.2 Building blocks of the coupled microcavity-quantum dot system	p. 79
3.3 Theoretical description of the single-quantum dot-microcavity system	p. 84
3.4 Numerical methods and characteristic quantities	p. 88
3.5 Competing electronic configurations and input/output characteristics of a single-quantum dot laser	p. 93
3.6 Sources of dephasing and spectral linewidths	p. 103
3.7 Analogy to the two-level system	p. 107
3.8 Conclusions	p. 109
3.9 References	p. 111
Part II Nanolasers with quantum dot emitters	p. 115
4 Highly efficient quantum dot micropillar lasers	p. 117
4.1 Introduction	p. 117
4.2 Theoretical description of high-ß microlasers	p. 118
4.3 Fabrication of quantum dot (QD) micropillar lasers	p. 123
4.4 Optical characterization and pre-selection of QD micropillars for lasing studies	p. 127
4.5 Lasing in optically pumped QD micropillar lasers	p. 131
4.6 Lasing in electrically pumped QD micropillar lasers	p. 141
4.7 Future trends and conclusions	p. 149
4.8 Acknowledgments	p. 149
4.9 References	p. 150
5 Photon correlations in semiconductor nanostructures	p. 154
5.1 Introduction	p. 154
5.2 Theoretical description of light-matter coupling	p. 155
5.3 Photon statistics	p. 163
5.4 Experimental approaches to photon correlation measurements	p. 167
5.5 Correlation measurements on semiconductor nanostructures	p. 170
5.6 Future trends and conclusions	p. 182
5.7 References	p. 182
6 Emission properties of photonic crystal nanolasers	p. 186
6.1 Introduction	p. 186
6.2 Design of photonic crystal (PC) nanocavities	p. 188
6.3 Optical emission properties of quantum dots (QDs) in PC nanocavities	p. 195
6.4 Signatures of lasing in PC nanolasers	p. 202
6.5 Detuning experiments: the quest for the gain mechanism	p. 206
6.6 Conclusions	p. 214
6.7 Acknowledgments	p. 215
6.8 References	p. 215
7 Deformed wavelength-scale microdisk lasers with quantum dot emitters	p. 225
7.1 Introduction	p. 225
7.2 Ray-wave correspondence in microdisk cavities	p. 229
7.3 Modified ray-wave correspondence in wavelength-scale cavities	p. 231
7.4 Wavelength-scale asymmetric resonant microcavity lasers	p. 239
7.5 Conclusions	p. 248
7.6 Acknowledgment	p. 249
7.7 References	p. 249
Part III Light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures	p. 253
8 Photon statistics and entanglement in phonon-assisted quantum light emission from semiconductor quantum dots	p. 255
8.1 Introduction	p. 255
8.2 Incoherently driven emission: phonon-assisted single quantum dot luminescence	p. 258
8.3 Entanglement analysis of a quantum dot biexciton cascade	p. 264
8.4 Coherently driven emission	p. 269
8.5 Equations of motion	p. 272
8.6 Emission dynamics	p. 275
8.7 Emission from strongly coupled quantum dot cavity quantum electrodynamics	p. 279
8.8 Phonon-assisted polariton signatures	p. 283
8.9 Phonon-enhanced antibunching	p. 285
8.10 Conclusions	p. 289
8.11 References	p. 289
9 Luminescence spectra of quantum dots in microcavities	p. 293
9.1 Introduction	p. 293
9.2 The Jaynes-Cummings model	p. 295
9.3 Luminescence spectra	p. 300
9.4 Experimental implementations and observations	p. 309
9.5 Luminescence spectra in the nonlinear regime	p. 315
9.6 Effects of pure dephasing	p. 319
9.7 Lasing	p. 322
9.8 Conclusions and future trends	p. 325
9.9 Acknowledgements	p. 326
9.10 References	p. 326
10 Photoluminescence from a quantum dot-cavity system	p. 332
10.1 Introduction: solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) systems with quantum dots (QDs)	p. 332
10.2 Cavity feeding: influence of multiexcitonic states at large detuning	p. 337
10.3 Model for a QD-cavity system	p. 340
10.4 Radiative processes revisited	p. 348
10.5 Cavity feeding: Monte Carlo model	p. 350
10.6 Cavity feeding: influence of acoustic phonons at small detuning	p. 357
10.7 Conclusions	p. 363
10.8 Acknowledgements	p. 364
10.9 References	p. 364
11 Quantum optics with quantum-dot and quantum-well systems	p. 369
11.1 Introduction	p. 369
11.2 Quantum-optical correlations	p. 370
11.3 Quantum emission of strong-coupling quantum dots	p. 377
11.4 Quantum-optical spectroscopy	p. 384
11.5 Future trends and conclusions	p. 390
11.6 References	p. 390
Part IV Semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED)	p. 393
12 All-solid-state quantum optics employing quantum dots in photonic crystals	p. 395
12.1 Introduction	p. 395
12.2 Light-matter interaction in photonic crystals	p. 396
12.3 Disordered photonic crystal waveguides	p. 409
12.4 Cavity quantum electrodynamics in disordered photonic crystal waveguides	p. 413
12.5 Future trends and conclusions	p. 417
12.6 Acknowledgments	p. 418
12.7 References	p. 418
13 One-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities	p. 421
13.1 Introduction	p. 421
13.2 Design, fabrication and computation	p. 426
13.3 Passive photonic crystal cavity measurement technique	p. 429
13.4 Atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique and history	p. 432
13.5 Experimental results of ALD coated photonic crystal nanobeam cavities	p. 436
13.6 Conclusions	p. 441
13.7 Future trends	p. 441
13.8 Acknowledgments	p. 442
13.9 References	p. 442
14 Growth of II-VI and Ill-nitride quantum-dot microcavity systems	p. 447
14.1 Introduction	p. 447
14.2 Growth of II-VI quantum dots: CdSe and CdTe	p. 450
14.3 II-VI Bragg reflectors lattice matched to GaAs and ZnTe	p. 456
14.4 Microcavities containing CdSe or CdTe quantum dots	p. 463
14.5 Formation of InGaN quantum dots	p. 465
14.6 Nitride-based Bragg reflectors	p. 471
14.7 Microcavities containing InGaN quantum dots	p. 473
14.8 Preparation of micropillars employing focused ion beam etching	p. 475
14.9 Conclusions	p. 477
14.10 References	p. 478
Part V Ultrafast phenomena	p. 485
15 Femtosecond quantum optics with semiconductor nanostructures	p. 487
15.1 Introduction	p. 487
15.2 Few-fermion dynamics and single-photon gain in a semiconductor quantum dot	p. 490
15.3 Nanophotonic structures for increased light-matter interaction	p. 497
15.4 Ultrastrong light-matter coupling and sub-cycle switching: towards non-adiabatic quantum electrodynamics	p. 506
15.5 Ultrabroadband terahertz technology û watching light oscillate	p. 508
15.6 Intersubband-cavity polaritons - non-adiabatic switching of ultrastrong coupling	p. 514
15.7 References	p. 522
16 Coherent optoelectronics with quantum dots	p. 528
16.1 Introduction	p. 528
16.2 Single quantum dot photodiodes	p. 529
16.3 Exciton qubits in photodiodes	p. 533
16.4 Coherent manipulation of the exciton	p. 536
16.5 Ramsey fringes: control of the qubit phase	p. 543
16.6 Coherent control by optoelectronic manipulation	p. 548
16.7 Future trends and conclusions	p. 554
16.8 Acknowledgements	p. 555
16.9 References	p. 555
Index	p. 561

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