Strengthening and rehabilitation of civil infrastructures using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites

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The repair of deteriorated, damaged and substandard civil infrastructures has become one of the most important issues for the civil engineer worldwide. This book discusses the use of externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen, rehabilitate and retrofit civil engineering structures, covering such aspects as material behavior, structural design and quality assurance.

The first three chapters of the book review structurally deficient civil engineering infrastructure, including concrete, metallic, masonry, and timber structures. FRP composites used in rehabilitation and surface preparation of the component materials are also reviewed. The next four chapters deal with the design of FRP systems for the flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and the strengthening of RC columns. The following two chapters examine the strengthening of metallic and masonry structures with FRP composites. The last four chapters of the book are devoted to practical considerations in the flexural strengthening of beams with unstressed and prestressed FRP plates, durability of externally bonded FRP composite systems, quality assurance and control, maintenance, repair, and case studies.

With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Strengthening and rehabilitation of civil infrastructures using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) compositeswill be a valuable reference guide for engineers, scientists and technical personnel in civil and structural engineering working on the rehabilitation and strengthening of the civil infrastructure.

L. De Lorenzis and T. J. Stratford and L. C. HollawayL. C. HollawayA. R. HutchinsonJ. G. Teng and S. T. Smith and J. F. ChenJ. F. Chen and J. G. TengJ. G. Teng and T. JiangJ. G. Teng and S. T. Smith and J. F. ChenT. J. StratfordL. De LorenzisL. Canning and S. LukeT. E. Boothby and C. E. BakisJ. L. ClarkeL. C. Hollaway

Contributor contact details	p. xi
Preface	p. xv
1 Structurally deficient civil engineering infrastructure: concrete, metallic, masonry and timber structures	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Structural deficiencies	p. 2
1.3 Structural deficiencies in concrete structures	p. 4
1.4 Strengthening concrete structures using FRP composites	p. 5
1.5 Metallic materials used in civil infrastructure	p. 16
1.6 Structural deficiencies in metallic structures	p. 17
1.7 Strengthening metallic structures using FRP composites	p. 18
1.8 Overview of masonry structures	p. 23
1.9 Structural deficiencies in masonry structures	p. 23
1.10 Strengthening masonry structures using FRP composites	p. 24
1.11 Overview of timber structures	p. 31
1.12 Structural deficiencies in timber structures	p. 31
1.13 Strengthening timber structures using FRP composites	p. 32
1.14 Drivers for using FRP composites rather than conventional strengthening options	p. 35
1.15 References	p. 37
2 Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites used in rehabilitation	p. 45
2.1 Introduction	p. 45
2.2 Component parts of composite materials	p. 47
2.3 Properties of matrices	p. 47
2.4 Filaments and fibres	p. 56
2.5 The advanced polymer composite	p. 64
2.6 The mechanical properties of advanced polymer composites	p. 67
2.7 The in-service properties of the advanced polymer composites	p. 71
2.8 Conclusion	p. 78
2.9 Sources of further information and advice	p. 78
2.10 References	p. 79
3 Surface preparation of component materials	p. 83
3.1 Introduction	p. 83
3.2 Adhesion and interfacial contact	p. 85
3.3 Primers and coupling agents	p. 86
3.4 Surface preparation	p. 88
3.5 Surface preparation of concrete	p. 90
3.6 Surface preparation of metallic materials	p. 92
3.7 Surface preparation of timber	p. 96
3.8 Surface preparation of FRP materials	p. 98
3.9 Assessment of surface condition prior to bonding	p. 102
3.10 The bonding operation	p. 105
3.11 Quality assurance testing and acceptance criteria	p. 107
3.12 Summary	p. 108
3.13 References	p. 108
4 Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 112
4.1 Introduction	p. 112
4.2 Failure modes	p. 113
4.3 Flexural strength of an FRP-plated section	p. 120
4.4 Interfacial stresses	p. 126
4.5 Bond behaviour	p. 127
4.6 Strength models for debonding failures	p. 131
4.7 Design procedure	p. 134
4.8 Application of the design procedure to indeterminate beams	p. 138
4.9 Acknowledgement	p. 138
4.10 References	p. 138
5 Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 141
5.1 Introduction	p. 141
5.2 Strengthening schemes	p. 142
5.3 Failure modes	p. 143
5.4 Shear strengths of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams	p. 144
5.5 Design procedure	p. 152
5.6 Acknowledgement	p. 154
5.7 References	p. 154
6 Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 158
6.1 Introduction	p. 158
6.2 Behavior of FRP-confined concrete	p. 159
6.3 Design-oriented stress-strain models for FRP-confined concrete	p. 166
6.4 Analysis-oriented stress-strain models for FRP-confined concrete	p. 172
6.5 Section analysis	p. 176
6.6 Design of FRP-confined reinforced concrete columns	p. 180
6.7 Acknowledgement	p. 190
6.8 References	p. 190
7 Design guidelines for fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) structures	p. 195
7.1 Introduction	p. 195
7.2 General assumptions	p. 196
7.3 Limit states and reinforced concrete design	p. 196
7.4 Material properties: characteristic and design values	p. 197
7.5 Flexural strengthening	p. 198
7.6 Shear strengthening	p. 205
7.7 Strengthening of columns with FRP wraps	p. 207
7.8 Acknowledgement	p. 211
7.9 References	p. 211
8 Strengthening of metallic structures with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 215
8.1 Introduction	p. 215
8.2 Critical issues in the design of FRP strengthening for metallic structures	p. 215
8.3 Selection of strengthening materials	p. 218
8.4 Design of flexural strengthening	p. 221
8.5 Design in cases other than flexural strengthening	p. 230
8.6 References	p. 232
9 Strengthening of masonry structures with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 235
9.1 Introduction	p. 235
9.2 General aspects of FRP strengthening for masonry structures	p. 237
9.3 Bond of FRP systems to masonry	p. 239
9.4 Strengthening of masonry panels under out-of-plane loads	p. 243
9.5 Strengthening of masonry panels under in-plane loads	p. 251
9.6 Strengthening of lintels and floor belts	p. 254
9.7 Strengthening of arches and valuts	p. 255
9.8 Confinement of masonry columns	p. 259
9.9 Other applications	p. 261
9.10 Detailing issues	p. 262
9.11 References	p. 264
10 Flexural strengthening application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates	p. 267
10.1 Introduction	p. 267
10.2 Unstressed FRP composite systems	p. 268
10.3 Prestressed FRP composite systems	p. 272
10.4 Stages within the FRP strengthening installation process	p. 278
10.5 FRP strengthening site activities	p. 286
10.6 Inspection, maintenance and monitoring	p. 288
10.7 Relationship between application and design	p. 289
10.8 Conclusions	p. 290
10.9 References	p. 290
11 Durability of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems	p. 292
11.1 Introduction	p. 292
11.2 FRP composites	p. 294
11.3 Externally bonded concrete-FRP hybrid systems	p. 298
11.4 Externally bonded wood-FRP hybrid systems	p. 303
11.5 Externally bonded masonry-FRP hybrid systems	p. 306
11.6 Externally bonded steel-FRP hybrid systems	p. 312
11.7 Conclusion	p. 315
11.8 References	p. 316
12 Quality assurance/quality control, maintenance and repair	p. 323
12.1 Introduction	p. 323
12.2 Deterioration and damage	p. 324
12.3 The need for an inspection regime	p. 326
12.4 Inspection during strengthening	p. 329
12.5 Instrumentation and load testing	p. 339
12.6 Inspection of strengthened structures	p. 342
12.7 Routine maintenance and repair	p. 346
12.8 Summary and conclusions	p. 348
12.9 Acknowledgements	p. 348
12.10 References	p. 349
13 Case studies	p. 352
13.1 Introduction	p. 352
13.2 The manufacturing systems used in the case studies considered	p. 352
13.3 Case study 1: Reinforced concrete beams strengthening with unstressed FRP composites	p. 355
13.4 Case study 2: Repair and strengthening the infrastructure utilising FRP composites in cold climates	p. 362
13.5 Case study 3: Prestressed concrete bridges strengthening with prestressed FRP composites	p. 366
13.6 Case study 4: Rehabilitation of aluminium structural system	p. 367
13.7 Case study 5: Metallic structures strengthening with unstressed FRP composites	p. 369
13.8 Case study 6: Metallic structures strengthening with prestressed FRP composites	p. 373
13.9 Case study 7: Preservation of historical structures with FRP composites	p. 376
13.10 Acknowledgements	p. 381
13.11 Sources of further information and advice: design codes	p. 381
13.12 References	p. 383
Index	p. 387

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