Cover image for Energy... beyond oil
Title:
Energy... beyond oil
Publication Information:
Oxford,New York : OUP Oxford, 2007
Physical Description:
ix, 229 p. : ill., ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9780199209965
Subject Term:

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30000010178568 TJ163.2 E4645 2007 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

As the Earth's oil supply runs out, and the effects of climate change threaten nations and their populations, the search for carbon-neutral sources of energy becomes more important and increasingly urgent. This book focuses on solutions to the energy problem, and not just the problem itself. It describes the major energy-generation technologies currently under development, and provides an authoritative summary of the current status of each one. It stresses the need for a balanced portfolio of alternative energy technologies. Certain solutions will be more appropriate than others in particular locations, due to the differences in availability of natural resources such as solar, wind, wave, tidal and geothermal. In addition, nuclear options (both fission and fusion), as well as technologies such as fuel cells, photovoltaics, artificial photosynthesis and hydrogen (as an energy carrier), all have a potential role to play. A state-of-the-art critique of energy efficiency in building design is also included. Each chapter is written by an acknowledged international expert and provides a non-technical overview of the competing and complementary approaches to energy generation. Broad in scope and comprehensive in treatment, Energy..beyond Oil provides an authoritative synthesis of the scientific and technological issues which are essential to the survival of the human race in the near future. The book will be of interest and use to graduate students and researchers in all areas of energy studies, and will also be highly useful for policy-makers and professionals in the environmental sector as well as a more general readership who wish to learn more about this extremely topical subject.


Author Notes

Fraser Armstrong is Professor of Chemistry at Oxford University and a fellow of St John's College
Katherine Blundell is a Royal Society University Research Fellow, Reader in Physics at Oxford University and a Fellow of St. John's College


Table of Contents

Fraser Armstrong and Katherine Blundell and Ian FellsDavid VincentTony Batchelor and Robin CurtisDean L. MillarBill LeitheadSue IonChris Llewellyn Smith and David WardMichael GratzelJames BarberPeter P. Edwards and Vladimir L. Kuznetsov and William I. F. DavidDavid JollieGerhard Dell and Christiane EggerJames MeadowcroftRobert May
1 Energy ... beyond oil: a global perspectivep. 1
The problems to be solvedp. 1
What are the actual needs?p. 2
What are the true costs of the different energy solutions in terms of human fatalities?p. 3
Energy from the Sunp. 5
The nature of the solutionsp. 6
The way forwardp. 7
2 Arresting carbon dioxide emissions: why and how?p. 9
Introductionp. 9
Principlesp. 10
How climate change will affect our livesp. 22
Taking actionp. 25
Technological and policy innovationp. 28
Summary and conclusionsp. 31
Postscriptp. 32
Resources and further informationp. 33
Some further UK focused reading and sourcesp. 34
3 Geothermal energyp. 35
Introductionp. 35
High-temperature resourcesp. 38
Hot dry rock or enhanced geothermal systemsp. 39
Medium-temperature resourcesp. 41
Geothermal energy as a sideline of oil and gas industriesp. 43
Low-temperature systems with heat pumpsp. 43
Potential for future growthp. 45
Conclusionsp. 46
Acknowledgementsp. 46
Resources and further informationp. 46
Web Resourcesp. 48
4 Wave and tidal powerp. 49
Introductionp. 50
Wave energy resourcesp. 50
Comparing wave energy converters-'Wave Hub'p. 55
Tidal energy resourcesp. 56
Tidal barrage schemesp. 57
Tidal current turbinesp. 59
Ranking of marine renewable energy technologiesp. 64
Assessment of wave and tidal current resources (UK)p. 64
Summary and conclusionsp. 67
Resources and further informationp. 69
5 Wind energyp. 71
Introductionp. 71
Wind energy resourcep. 72
Public acceptancep. 77
Technical developmentp. 78
Concluding remarksp. 82
Acknowledgementp. 83
Further Readingp. 83
6 Nuclear fissionp. 84
Introductionp. 84
The physics of fissionp. 84
Cutting carbon emissionsp. 87
Economicsp. 88
Reliability of electricity suppliesp. 90
Potential new reactor technologyp. 93
Investor considerations-regulationp. 97
Investor considerations-delivery and operational performancep. 97
Investor considerations-wastep. 99
Investor considerations-the electricity marketp. 101
Public attitudesp. 101
The longer term futurep. 102
7 Fusion energyp. 105
Introductionp. 105
Principles of fusionp. 106
Attributes of fusionp. 108
The current status of fusion researchp. 109
The next steps-ITER and IFMIFp. 113
Fast track studiesp. 117
Conclusionsp. 118
Acknowledgementp. 119
Resources and further informationp. 119
8 Photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energyp. 120
Introductionp. 120
Principlesp. 120
Conversion efficienciesp. 122
Cost and supplies of raw materialsp. 124
How PV cells are developingp. 125
Summaryp. 133
Acknowledgementsp. 134
Resources and further informationp. 134
9 Biological solar energyp. 137
Introductionp. 137
Principles of photosynthesisp. 138
Biomassp. 141
The photosynthetic water splitting apparatusp. 143
Artificial photosynthesis: a new technologyp. 149
Policies and implementationp. 150
Acknowledgementsp. 153
Resources and further informationp. 153
10 Sustainable hydrogen energyp. 156
Introductionp. 156
Hydrogen and electricity: energy carriersp. 157
Hydrogen productionp. 160
Hydrogen storagep. 162
A sustainable energy futurep. 165
Conclusionsp. 166
Resources and further informationp. 166
11 Fuel cellsp. 169
Introductionp. 169
The principlesp. 170
Applications of fuel cellsp. 171
Market developments and regulationp. 172
Technological developmentsp. 174
From today to tomorrow: changing the gamep. 176
Concluding remarksp. 179
Resources and further informationp. 179
12 Energy efficiency in the design of buildingsp. 181
Introductionp. 181
Low-energy buildingsp. 183
The new directive on the energy performance of buildingsp. 192
The future of building and livingp. 194
Summary and conclusionsp. 194
Referencesp. 195
13 Governing the transition to a new energy economyp. 197
Energy politicsp. 199
Sustainable energy policyp. 200
Socio-technological transitionsp. 202
Critical policy considerationsp. 205
Transforming energy/environmental governancep. 209
Referencesp. 211
14 Summaryp. 215
Indexp. 221